RabbitMQ簡(jiǎn)介以及應(yīng)用
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作者:會(huì)跳舞的機(jī)器人
一、簡(jiǎn)要介紹
開(kāi)源AMQP實(shí)現(xiàn),Erlang語(yǔ)言編寫,支持多種客戶端 分布式、高可用、持久化、可靠、安全 支持多種協(xié)議:AMQP、STOMP、MQTT、HTTP 適用于多系統(tǒng)之間的業(yè)務(wù)解耦的消息中間件
二、基本概念
1、exchange:交換器,負(fù)責(zé)接收消息,轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)消息至綁定的隊(duì)列,有四種類型:
direct:完全匹配的路由 topic:模式匹配的路由 fanout:廣播模式 headers:鍵值對(duì)匹配路由
持久化:如果啟用,那么rabbit服務(wù)重啟之后仍然存在 自動(dòng)刪除:如果啟用,那么交換器將會(huì)在其綁定的隊(duì)列都被刪除掉之后自動(dòng)刪除掉自身
2、Queue:隊(duì)列,rabbitmq的內(nèi)部對(duì)象,用于存儲(chǔ)消息,其屬性類似于Exchange,同樣可以設(shè)置是否持久化、自動(dòng)刪除等。
3、Binding:綁定,根據(jù)路由規(guī)則綁定交換器與隊(duì)列
4、Routing:路由鍵,路由的關(guān)鍵字
三、消息的可靠性
Message acknowledgment:消息確認(rèn),在消息確認(rèn)機(jī)制下,收到回執(zhí)才會(huì)刪除消息,未收到回執(zhí)而斷開(kāi)了連接,消息會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給其他消費(fèi)者,如果忘記回執(zhí),會(huì)導(dǎo)致消息堆積,消費(fèi)者重啟后會(huì)重復(fù)消費(fèi)這些消息并重復(fù)執(zhí)行業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。
Message durability:消息持久化,設(shè)置消息持久化可以避免絕大部分消息丟失,比如rabbitmq服務(wù)重啟,但是采用非持久化可以提升隊(duì)列的處理效率。如果要確保消息的持久化,那么消息對(duì)應(yīng)的Exchange和Queue同樣要設(shè)置為持久化。
Prefetch count,每次發(fā)送給消費(fèi)者消息的數(shù)量,默認(rèn)為1
四、簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用
高性能,它的實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言是天生具備高并發(fā)高可用的erlang 語(yǔ)言 支持消息的持久化,即使服務(wù)器掛了,也不會(huì)丟失消息 消息應(yīng)答(ack)機(jī)制,消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)完消息后發(fā)送一個(gè)消息應(yīng)答,rabbitmq才會(huì)刪除消息,確保消息的可靠性 支持高可用集群 靈活的路由
EXCHANGE.ORDER_CREATE交換器,該交換器綁定了兩個(gè)隊(duì)列,QUEUE.ORDER_INCREASESCORE、QUEUE.ORDER_NOTIFY,消費(fèi)者訂閱這兩個(gè)隊(duì)列分別用來(lái)處理增加積分、發(fā)送用戶通知。EXCHANGE.ORDER_CREATE即可。package?com.robot.rabbitmq;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import?java.io.IOException;
import?java.util.UUID;
import?java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
?*?@author:?會(huì)跳舞的機(jī)器人
?*?@date:?2017/10/13?10:46
?*?@description:?模擬用戶下單之后發(fā)送rabbitmq消息
?*/
public?class?OrderCreator?{
????//?交換器名稱
????private?static?final?String?EXCHANGE?=?"EXCHANGE.ORDER_CREATE";
????//?消息內(nèi)容
????private?static?String?msg?=?"create?order?success";
????/**
?????*?模擬創(chuàng)建訂單后發(fā)送mq消息
?????*/
????public?void?createOrder()?{
????????System.out.println("下單成功,開(kāi)始發(fā)送rabbitmq消息");
????????ConnectionFactory?connectionFactory?=?new?ConnectionFactory();
????????connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.12.44");
????????connectionFactory.setPort(56720);
????????connectionFactory.setUsername("baibei");
????????connectionFactory.setPassword("baibei");
????????Connection?connection;
????????Channel?channel;
????????try?{
????????????connection?=?connectionFactory.newConnection();
????????????channel?=?connection.createChannel();
????????????//?持久化
????????????boolean?durable?=?true;
????????????//?topic類型
????????????String?type?=?"topic";
????????????//?聲明交換器,如果交換器不存在則創(chuàng)建之
????????????channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE,?type,?durable);
????????????String?messgeId?=?UUID.randomUUID().toString();
????????????//?deliveryMode>=2表示設(shè)置消息持久化
????????????AMQP.BasicProperties?props?=?new?AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder().deliveryMode(2).messageId(messgeId).build();
????????????//?發(fā)布消息
????????????String?routingKey?=?"order_create";
????????????channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE,?routingKey,?props,?msg.getBytes("utf-8"));
????????????connection.close();
????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}?catch?(TimeoutException?e)?{
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}
}
package?com.robot.rabbitmq;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.ShutdownSignalException;
import?java.io.IOException;
import?java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
?*?@author:?會(huì)跳舞的機(jī)器人
?*?@date:?2017/10/13?16:02
?*?@description:?rabbitmq消費(fèi)者,模擬下單成功后給用戶增加積分
?*/
public?class?IncreaseScoreConsumer?implements?Consumer?{
????private?Connection?connection;
????private?Channel?channel;
????//?交換器名稱
????private?static?final?String?EXCHANGE?=?"EXCHANGE.ORDER_CREATE";
????//?增加積分隊(duì)列名稱
????private?static?final?String?QUEUENAME?=?"QUEUE.ORDER_INCREASESCORE";
????public?void?consume()?{
????????//?初始化rabbitmq連接信息
????????ConnectionFactory?connectionFactory?=?new?ConnectionFactory();
????????connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.12.44");
????????connectionFactory.setPort(56720);
????????connectionFactory.setUsername("baibei");
????????connectionFactory.setPassword("baibei");
????????try?{
????????????connection?=?connectionFactory.newConnection();
????????????channel?=?connection.createChannel();
????????????//?聲明交換器
????????????channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE,?"topic",?true);
????????????//?聲明隊(duì)列
????????????channel.queueDeclare(QUEUENAME,?true,?false,?false,?null);
????????????//?交換器與隊(duì)列綁定并設(shè)置routingKey
????????????channel.queueBind(QUEUENAME,?EXCHANGE,?"order_create");
????????????//?消費(fèi)消息,callback是該類,關(guān)閉自動(dòng)確認(rèn)消息,在完成業(yè)務(wù)邏輯后手動(dòng)確認(rèn)確認(rèn)
????????????channel.basicConsume(QUEUENAME,?false,?this);
????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}?catch?(TimeoutException?e)?{
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}
????public?void?handleDelivery(String?consumerTag,?Envelope?envelope,?AMQP.BasicProperties?properties,?byte[]?body)?throws?IOException?{
????????String?msg?=?new?String(body,?"UTF-8");
????????System.out.println("《積分系統(tǒng)》收到訂單消息:"?+?msg?+?",給用戶增加積分......");
????????//?手動(dòng)確認(rèn)消息
????????channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),?false);
????????/**
?????????*?channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),?false);該方法會(huì)丟棄掉隊(duì)列中的這條消息
?????????*?channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),?true);該方法會(huì)把消息重新放回隊(duì)列
?????????*?一般系統(tǒng)會(huì)設(shè)定一個(gè)重試次數(shù),如果超過(guò)重試次數(shù),則會(huì)丟棄消息,反之則會(huì)把消息再放入隊(duì)列
?????????*/
????}
????public?void?handleConsumeOk(String?consumerTag)?{
????}
????public?void?handleCancelOk(String?consumerTag)?{
????}
????public?void?handleCancel(String?consumerTag)?throws?IOException?{
????}
????public?void?handleShutdownSignal(String?consumerTag,?ShutdownSignalException?sig)?{
????}
????public?void?handleRecoverOk(String?consumerTag)?{
????}
}
package?com.robot.rabbitmq;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import?com.rabbitmq.client.ShutdownSignalException;
import?java.io.IOException;
import?java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
?*?@author:?會(huì)跳舞的機(jī)器人
?*?@date:?2017/10/13?16:20
?*?@description:?rabbitmq消費(fèi)者,模擬下單成功后給用戶發(fā)送通知
?*/
public?class?NotifyConsumer?implements?Consumer?{
????private?Connection?connection;
????private?Channel?channel;
????//?交換器名稱
????private?static?final?String?EXCHANGE?=?"EXCHANGE.ORDER_CREATE";
????//?通知用戶下單成功通知隊(duì)列名稱
????private?static?final?String?QUEUENAME?=?"QUEUE.ORDER_NOTIFY";
????public?void?consume()?{
????????//?初始化rabbitmq連接信息
????????ConnectionFactory?connectionFactory?=?new?ConnectionFactory();
????????connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.12.44");
????????connectionFactory.setPort(56720);
????????connectionFactory.setUsername("baibei");
????????connectionFactory.setPassword("baibei");
????????try?{
????????????connection?=?connectionFactory.newConnection();
????????????channel?=?connection.createChannel();
????????????//?聲明交換器
????????????channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE,?"topic",?true);
????????????//?聲明隊(duì)列
????????????channel.queueDeclare(QUEUENAME,?true,?false,?false,?null);
????????????//?交換器與隊(duì)列綁定并設(shè)置routingKey
????????????channel.queueBind(QUEUENAME,?EXCHANGE,?"order_create");
????????????//?消費(fèi)消息,callback是該類,關(guān)閉自動(dòng)確認(rèn)消息,在完成業(yè)務(wù)邏輯后手動(dòng)確認(rèn)確認(rèn)
????????????channel.basicConsume(QUEUENAME,?false,?this);
????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}?catch?(TimeoutException?e)?{
????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????}
????}
????public?void?handleDelivery(String?consumerTag,?Envelope?envelope,?AMQP.BasicProperties?properties,?byte[]?body)?throws?IOException?{
????????String?msg?=?new?String(body,?"UTF-8");
????????System.out.println("《通知系統(tǒng)》收到訂單消息:"?+?msg?+?",開(kāi)始給用戶發(fā)送通知......");
????????//?手動(dòng)確認(rèn)消息
????????channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),?false);
????????/**
?????????*?channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),?false);該方法會(huì)丟棄掉隊(duì)列中的這條消息
?????????*?channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),?true);該方法會(huì)把消息重新放回隊(duì)列
?????????*?一般系統(tǒng)會(huì)設(shè)定一個(gè)重試次數(shù),如果超過(guò)重試次數(shù),則會(huì)丟棄消息,反之則會(huì)把消息再放入隊(duì)列
?????????*/
????}
????public?void?handleConsumeOk(String?consumerTag)?{
????}
????public?void?handleCancelOk(String?consumerTag)?{
????}
????public?void?handleCancel(String?consumerTag)?throws?IOException?{
????}
????public?void?handleShutdownSignal(String?consumerTag,?ShutdownSignalException?sig)?{
????}
????public?void?handleRecoverOk(String?consumerTag)?{
????}
}
package?com.robot.rabbitmq;
/**
?*?@author:?會(huì)跳舞的機(jī)器人
?*?@date:?2017/10/13?16:27
?*?@description:
?*/
public?class?Test?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
????????IncreaseScoreConsumer?increaseScoreConsumer?=?new?IncreaseScoreConsumer();
????????increaseScoreConsumer.consume();
????????NotifyConsumer?notifyConsumer?=?new?NotifyConsumer();
????????notifyConsumer.consume();
????????OrderCreator?orderCreator?=?new?OrderCreator();
????????for?(int?i?=?0;?i?3;?i++)?{
????????????orderCreator.createOrder();
????????}
????}
}
下單成功,開(kāi)始發(fā)送rabbitmq消息
《積分系統(tǒng)》收到訂單消息:create order success,給用戶增加積分......
《通知系統(tǒng)》收到訂單消息:create order success,開(kāi)始給用戶發(fā)送通知......
下單成功,開(kāi)始發(fā)送rabbitmq消息
《積分系統(tǒng)》收到訂單消息:create order success,給用戶增加積分......
《通知系統(tǒng)》收到訂單消息:create order success,開(kāi)始給用戶發(fā)送通知......
下單成功,開(kāi)始發(fā)送rabbitmq消息
《積分系統(tǒng)》收到訂單消息:create order success,給用戶增加積分......
《通知系統(tǒng)》收到訂單消息:create order success,開(kāi)始給用戶發(fā)送通知......
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