Python副業(yè)400元，爬取阿里巴巴商城數(shù)據(jù)

1、任務(wù)簡(jiǎn)介

????首先感謝螞蟻學(xué)python群獲取到這個(gè)單子，客戶要求是獲取阿里巴巴的列表頁(yè)商品信息包含，商品title，商品主圖片并且需要存入xls文件保存

2、解決方案

???? 首先給出的方案是：

???? 2.1、通過(guò)wxPython框架寫出一個(gè)可視化界面，

???? 2.2、因?yàn)榘⒗锇桶头琅辣容^嚴(yán)重，所以我直接通過(guò)selenium進(jìn)行用戶超過(guò)來(lái)跳過(guò)反扒機(jī)制

???? 2.3、編寫瀏覽器池方便實(shí)現(xiàn)多線程爬取數(shù)據(jù)

???? 2.4、編寫爬數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)邏輯

3、現(xiàn)在開始上代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)

???? 3.1 首先初始先一個(gè)瀏覽器池子

from?multiprocessing?import?Manager
from?time?import?sleep

from?tool.open_browser?import?open_browser


class?DriverPool:
????def?__init__(self,?max_nums,driver_path,ui,open_headless=0):
????????self.ui?=?ui
????????self.drivers?=?{}
????????self.manager?=?Manager()
????????self.queue?=?self.manager.Queue()
????????self.max_nums?=?max_nums
????????self.open_headless?=?open_headless
????????self.CreateDriver(driver_path)

????def?CreateDriver(self,driver_path):
????????'''
????????初始化瀏覽器池
????????:return
????????'''
????????for?name?in?range(1,?self.max_nums?+?1):
????????????name?=?f'driver_{name}'
????????????d?=?open_browser(excute_path=driver_path,open_headless=self.open_headless)
????????????d.ui?=?self.ui
????????????self.drivers[name]?=?d
????????????self.queue.put(name)

????def?getDriver(self):
????????'''
????????獲取一個(gè)瀏覽器
????????:return?driver
????????'''
????????if?self.queue.empty():
????????????sleep(1)
????????????return?self.getDriver()
????????name?=?self.queue.get()
????????driver?=?self.drivers[name]
????????driver.pool_name_driver?=?name
????????return?driver

????def?putDriver(self,?name):
????????'''
????????歸還一個(gè)瀏覽器
????????:param?name:?
????????:return:?
????????'''
????????self.queue.put(name)

????def?quit(self):
????????'''
????????關(guān)閉瀏覽器，執(zhí)行結(jié)束操作
????????:return:?
????????'''
????????if?self.drivers:
????????????for?driver?in?self.drivers.values():
????????????????try:
????????????????????driver.quit()
????????????????except:
????????????????????pass

???? 3.2 編寫UI操作界面

????def?intUIRun(self):
????????'''
????????初始化UI主界面
????????:return:
????????'''
????????pannel?=?wx.Panel(self.panel_run)
????????pannel.Sizer?=?wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
????????self.text?=?wx.StaticText(pannel,?-1,?'狀態(tài)欄目：',?size=(100,?40),?pos=(0,?10))
????????self.text_input?=?wx.StaticText(pannel,?-1,?'',?size=(900,?40),?pos=(100,?0))

????????wx.StaticText(pannel,?-1,?'當(dāng)前執(zhí)行ID：',?size=(100,?30),?pos=(0,?65)).SetFont(self.font)
????????self.text_time?=?wx.TextCtrl(pannel,?id=self.choices_id_ref,?value=self.time_str,?size=(300,?30),?pos=(150,?60),
?????????????????????????????????????style=wx.TE_AUTO_URL?|?wx.TE_MULTILINE)
????????self.reflush_text_time?=?wx.Button(pannel,?-1,?'刷新ID',?size=(100,?50),?pos=(480,?50))
????????self.text_time.SetFont(self.font)
????????self.reflush_text_time.SetForegroundColour(wx.RED)
????????self.reflush_text_time.SetFont(self.font)
????????#?self.text_time.SetForegroundColour(wx.RED)

????????self.text_input.SetBackgroundColour(wx.WHITE)
????????self.text_input.SetLabel(self.in_text)
????????self.text_input.SetFont(self.font)
????????self.text.SetFont(self.font)
????????wx.Button(pannel,?self.get_product,?'獲取商品保存本地',?size=(200,?100),?pos=(0,?100)).SetFont(self.font)
????????wx.Button(pannel,?self.save_mysql,?'保存數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和OSS',?size=(200,?100),?pos=(200,?100)).SetFont(self.font)
????????wx.Button(pannel,?self.end_process,?'結(jié)束執(zhí)行',?size=(200,?100),?pos=(400,?100)).SetFont(self.font)
????????self.log_text?=?wx.TextCtrl(pannel,?size=(1000,?500),?pos=(0,?210),?style=wx.TE_MULTILINE?|?wx.TE_READONLY)

????????wx.LogTextCtrl(self.log_text)
????????self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,?self.get_product_p,?id=self.get_product)
????????self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,?self.save_mysql_p,?id=self.save_mysql)
????????self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,?self.end_process_p,?id=self.end_process)
????????self.text_time.Bind(wx.EVT_COMMAND_LEFT_CLICK,?self.choices_id,?id=self.choices_id_ref)
????????self.reflush_text_time.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,?self.reflush_time_evt)
????????self.panel_run.Sizer.Add(pannel,?flag=wx.ALL?|?wx.EXPAND,?proportion=1)

???? 效果圖

???? 3.3編寫業(yè)務(wù)邏輯

???? 獲取商品列表頁(yè)數(shù)據(jù)

global?_getMainProduct,?goods_info
def?_getMainProduct(data_url):
????'''
????多線程獲取每一頁(yè)鏈接
????:param?data_url:
????:return:
????'''
????self,?url,?driver_pool?=?data_url
????c?=?Common(driver_pool.getDriver())
????goods_urls?=?[]
????try:
????????self.ui.print(f'當(dāng)前獲取第{url}頁(yè)數(shù)據(jù)')
????????c.d.get(url)
????????c.wait_page_loaded(url)
????????if?self.is_load_cache_cookies:
????????????self.load_cookies(c.d)
????????????c.d.get(url)
????????c.wait_page_loaded(url)
????????ele?=?c.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="component-product-list"]')
????????goods_urls?=?ele.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'a[class="product-image"]')
????????goods_urls?=?[goods_url.get_attribute('href')?for?goods_url?in?goods_urls]
????except?SystemExit:
????????sys.exit(1)
????except:
????????self.print(f'請(qǐng)求頁(yè)面超出范圍:?{url}?ERROR:?{traceback.format_exc()}')
????????if?c.find_element_true(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="no-data?common"]'):
????????????return?goods_urls
????finally:
????????name?=?c.d.pool_name_driver
????????driver_pool.putDriver(name)
????????self.queue_print.put(f'請(qǐng)求完成：{url}')
????return?goods_urls

def?getMainProduct_(self):
????g_dict?=?globals()
????urls?=?[]
????sum_l?=?self.pageNums[1]?+?1
????complate?=?0
????products?=?[]
????for?i?in?range(self.pageNums[0],?sum_l):
????????if?self.ui.is_exit_process:
????????????exit()
????????url?=?self.url.format(i)
????????urls.append([self,?url,?self.drive_pool])
????if?urls:
????????p?=?self.pool.map_async(_getMainProduct,?urls)
????????while?not?p.ready():
????????????if?not?self.queue_print.empty():
????????????????complate?+=?1
????????????????self.print(self.queue_print.get(),?f'完成：{complate}/{sum_l?-?1}')
????????products?=?p.get()
????goods_info?=?set()
????for?xx?in?products:
????????for?x?in?xx:
????????????if?x:
????????????????goods_info.add(x)
????self.goods_info?=?goods_info
????return?goods_info
goods_info?=?getMainProduct_(self)

???? 獲取詳情頁(yè)數(shù)據(jù)

global?goods,Common,driver_pool,goods_url,sleep,re,By
def?get_info_(self,?data_info):
????'''
????多線程獲取詳情頁(yè)數(shù)據(jù)
????:param?self:?
????:param?data_info:?
????:return:?
????'''
????if?self.ui.is_exit_process:
????????exit()
????goods_url,?driver_pool?=?data_info
????c?=?Common(driver_pool.getDriver())
????try:
????????c.d.get(goods_url)
????????sleep(3)
????????if?self.is_load_cache_cookies:
????????????self.load_cookies(c.d)
????????????c.d.get(goods_url)
????????c.wait_page_loaded(goods_url)
????????for?x?in?range(400,?18000,?200):
????????????sleep(0.1)
????????????c.d.execute_script(f'document.documentElement.scrollTop={x};')
????????is_all?=?c.find_element_true(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[id="J-rich-text-description"]')??#?'J-rich-text-description'
????????if?not?is_all:
????????????self.print(f'沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn):?{is_all}')
????????is_video?=?c.find_elements_true(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="bc-video-player"]>video')
????????is_title?=?c.find_element_true(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="module-pdp-title"]')
????????is_description?=?c.find_element_true(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[name="description"]')
????????is_keywords?=?c.find_element_true(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[name="keywords"]')
????????is_overview?=?c.find_element_true(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="do-overview"]')
????????is_wz_goods_cat_id?=?c.find_element_true(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="detail-subscribe"]')
????????wz_goods_cat_id?=?self.wz_goods_cat_id
????????#?if?is_wz_goods_cat_id:
????????#?????wz_goods_cat_id?=?is_wz_goods_cat_id.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="breadcrumb-item"]>a')[
????????#?????????-1].get_attribute('href')
????????#?????wz_goods_cat_id?=?re.search(r'(\d+)',?wz_goods_cat_id).group(1)
????????#?goods_id?=?re.search(r'(\d+)\.html$',?goods_url)
????????goods_id?=?re.search(r'(ssssss\d+)\.html$',?goods_url)
????????goods?=?{
????????????"商品分類ID":?int(wz_goods_cat_id)?if?wz_goods_cat_id?else?0,
????????????"商品ID":?goods_id.group(1)?if?goods_id?else?self.getMd5(f'{time.time()}')+'其他',
????????????"商品鏈接":?goods_url,
????????????"描述":?c.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[name="description"]').get_attribute(
????????????????'content')?if?is_description?else?'',
????????????"標(biāo)題":?is_title.get_attribute('title')?if?is_title?else?'',
????????????"關(guān)鍵字":?c.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[name="keywords"]').get_attribute(
????????????????'content')?if?is_keywords?else?is_keywords,
????????????"視頻連接":?c.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="bc-video-player"]>video').get_attribute(
????????????????'src')?if?is_video?else?'',
????????????"主圖片":?[],
????????????"商品詳情":?c.d.execute_script(
????????????????'''return?document.querySelectorAll('[class="do-overview"]')[0].outerHTML;''')?if?is_overview?else?is_overview,
????????????"商品描述":?'',
????????????"商品描述圖片":?[]
????????}

????????#?獲取商品描述圖片
????????goods_desc?=?getDescriptionFactory1(self,?c,?goods_url)
????????goods.update(goods_desc)

????????#?獲取主圖片
????????m_imgs?=?c.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="main-image-thumb-ul"]>li')
????????for?m_img?in?m_imgs:
????????????try:
????????????????img?=?m_img.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,?'[class="J-slider-cover-item"]').get_attribute('src')
????????????????s?=?re.search('(\d+x\d+)',?img)
????????????????img2?=?None
????????????????if?s:
????????????????????img2?=?str(img).replace(s.group(1),?'')
????????????????goods['主圖片'].append(img)
????????????????if?img2:
????????????????????goods['主圖片'].append(img2)
????????????except:
????????????????pass
????????self.ui.status['請(qǐng)求成功商品數(shù)量']?+=?1
????????return?goods
????except:
????????traceback.print_exc()
????????self.print(f'=========================\n鏈接請(qǐng)求錯(cuò)誤:?{goods_url}?\n?{traceback.format_exc()}\n=========================')
????????self.error_page.append([goods_url,?traceback.format_exc()])
????????self.ui.status['請(qǐng)求失敗商品數(shù)量']?+=?1
????finally:
????????name?=?c.d.pool_name_driver
????????driver_pool.putDriver(name)
????????self.queue_print.put(f'請(qǐng)求完成：{goods_url}')
goods?=?get_info_(self,data_info)

???? 寫入excel

????????def?export_excel(self,?results):
????????'''
????????寫入excel方法
????????:param?results:?
????????:return:?
????????'''
????????now_dir_str?=?self.now
????????now_file_str?=?time.strftime('%Y_%m_%d__%H_%M_%S',?time.localtime())
????????img_path?=?os.path.join('data',?'xls',?now_dir_str)
????????if?not?os.path.exists(img_path):
????????????os.mkdir(img_path)
????????img_path?=?os.path.join('data',?'xls',?now_dir_str,?self.url_id)
????????if?not?os.path.exists(img_path):
????????????os.mkdir(img_path)
????????if?not?os.path.exists(img_path):
????????????os.mkdir(img_path)
????????img_path?=?os.path.join(img_path,?f"{now_file_str}.xlsx")
????????workbook?=?xlsxwriter.Workbook(img_path)
????????sheet?=?workbook.add_worksheet(name='阿里巴巴信息')
????????titles?=?list(results[0].keys())
????????for?i,?title?in?enumerate(titles):
????????????sheet.write_string(0,?i,?title)
????????for?row,?result?in?enumerate(results):
????????????row?=?row?+?1
????????????col?=?0
????????????for?value?in?result.values():
????????????????sheet.write_string(row,?col,?str(value))
????????????????col?+=?1

????????workbook.close()

4、最后總結(jié)：

????通過(guò)上述代碼最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了客戶的需求，由于通用selenium執(zhí)行瀏覽器操作沒(méi)有接口請(qǐng)求效率高，所以在最后使用了多線程在執(zhí)行效率上也做了一些提升。