帥瞎了！手機(jī)也能寫Python代碼！手把手教你配置環(huán)境！
導(dǎo)讀：本文旨在講解如何在Android平板或手機(jī)上搭建Python開發(fā)環(huán)境，幫助Python初學(xué)者有效利用碎片化時(shí)間進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，從而達(dá)到良好的學(xué)習(xí)效果。
01 Termux安裝與配置
1. 系統(tǒng)要求
2. Termux安裝
Termux 是一款支持 Linux 環(huán)境的 Android 終端模擬器APP。你無需對(duì)手機(jī)進(jìn)行root或額外設(shè)置即可使用。這款A(yù)PP會(huì)在手機(jī)中自動(dòng)安裝一個(gè)最小化基本系統(tǒng)，并支持使用 APT 包管理工具安裝軟件。
3. Termux基本操作
Ctrl + A -> 將光標(biāo)移動(dòng)到行首
Ctrl + E -> 將光標(biāo)移動(dòng)到行尾
Ctrl + C -> 中止當(dāng)前進(jìn)程
Ctrl + D -> 注銷終端會(huì)話
Ctrl + K -> 從光標(biāo)刪除到行尾
Ctrl + U -> 從光標(biāo)刪除到行首
Ctrl + L -> 清除終端
Ctrl + Z -> 掛起（發(fā)送SIGTSTP到）當(dāng)前進(jìn)程
音量加 + E -> Esc鍵
音量加 + T -> Tab鍵
音量加 + 1 -> F1（音量增加 + 2 → F2…以此類推）
音量加 + 0 -> F10
音量加 + B -> Alt + B，使用readline時(shí)返回一個(gè)單詞
音量加 + F -> Alt + F，使用readline時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)一個(gè)單詞
音量加 + X -> Alt+X
音量加 + W -> 向上箭頭鍵
音量加 + A -> 向左箭頭鍵
音量加 + S -> 向下箭頭鍵
音量加 + D -> 向右箭頭鍵
音量加 + L -> | （管道字符）
音量加 + H -> ?（波浪號(hào)字符）
音量加 + U -> _ (下劃線字符)
音量加 + P -> 上一頁
音量加 + N -> 下一頁
音量加 + . -> Ctrl + \（SIGQUIT）
音量加 + V -> 顯示音量控制
音量加 + Q -> 切換顯示的功能鍵視
音量加 + K -> 切換顯示的功能鍵視圖
4. 修改軟件源
sed -i 's@^\(deb.*stable main\)$@#\1\ndeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/termux-packages-24 stable main@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's@^\(deb.*games stable\)$@#\1\ndeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/game-packages-24 games stable@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list.d/game.list
sed -i 's@^\(deb.*science stable\)$@#\1\ndeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/science-packages-24 science stable@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list.d/science.list
apt update && apt upgrade
5. 安裝基本組件
pkg install -y zsh curl wget build-essential
pkg install -y git python nodejs-lts perl ipython
pkg install -y neovim lazygit ranger fzf
02 終端配置
1. Shell配置
安裝oh-my-zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
plugins=(
git
python
colorize
zsh-interactive-cd
zsh-navigation-tools
zsh-autosuggestions
)
2. 主題美化
1）配色與字體
2）主題配置
安裝
git clone --depth=1 https://gitee.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
配置
3. 啟用vi模式（可選）
# Better searching in command mode
bindkey -M vicmd '?' history-incremental-search-backward
bindkey -M vicmd '/' history-incremental-search-forward
# Beginning search with arrow keys
bindkey "\033[1~" beginning-of-line
bindkey "\033[4~" end-of-line
bindkey '^[[3~' delete-char
bindkey "^[OA" up-line-or-beginning-search
bindkey "^[OB" down-line-or-beginning-search
bindkey -M vicmd "k" up-line-or-beginning-search
bindkey -M vicmd "j" down-line-or-beginning-search
03 Python包安裝與配置
1. 安裝環(huán)境配置
# 配置pypi源
pip install pip -U
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
# 依賴項(xiàng)
pip install wheel
pip install setuptools --upgrade
2. Python包安裝
安裝numpy和scipy
# 添加第三方倉(cāng)庫
curl -LO https://its-pointless.github.io/setup-pointless-repo.sh
bash setup-pointless-repo.sh
# 從倉(cāng)庫安裝numpy scipy
pkg install -y numpy scipy
安裝lxml
# 安裝lxml的依賴項(xiàng)
pkg install -y libxml2 libxslt
# 安裝lxml
pip install lxml
安裝pillow
# 安裝pillow的依賴項(xiàng)
pkg install -y libjpeg-turbo libtiff
pkg install -y littlecms tk libwebp libsodium
# 安裝pillow
pip install pillow
安裝matplotlib
# 安裝matplotlib的依賴項(xiàng)
pkg install -y freetype libpng
pip install kiwisolver cycler
pip install pyparsing python-dateutil
# 安裝matplotlib
pip install matplotlib
安裝pandas
# 安裝pandas的依賴項(xiàng)
pip install -y pytz cython
# 安裝pandas
export CFLAGS="-Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-unreachable-code"
pip install pandas
安裝jupyter
# 安裝jupyter依賴項(xiàng)
pkg install -y libzmq libcrypt pkg-config
# 安裝jupyter
pip install jupyter
04 IPython和NeoVim配置
1. IPython配置
安裝IPython
# 安裝yapf
pip install yapf
# 安裝Pygments
pip install pygments
# 安裝ipython
pip install ipython
創(chuàng)建配置文件
修改配置文件
# 配置終端顏色
c.InteractiveShell.colors = 'Linux'
c.TerminalInteractiveShell.autoformatter = 'yapf'
# 配置高亮方案，可通過pygmentize -L styles瀏覽所有可選配置
c.TerminalInteractiveShell.highlight_style = 'monokai'
# 配置魔術(shù)命令%editor使用的編輯器
c.TerminalInteractiveShell.editor = 'nvim'
2. NeoVim配置
pip install pynvim
創(chuàng)建init.vim文件進(jìn)行基本配置
" 一般設(shè)置
set nocompatible "關(guān)閉與vi的兼容模式
set number "顯示行號(hào)
set nowrap "不自動(dòng)折行
set showmatch "顯示匹配的括號(hào)
set scrolloff=3 "距離頂部和底部3行"
set encoding=utf-8 "編碼
set fenc=utf-8 "編碼
set fileencodings=utf-8
set hlsearch "搜索高亮
syntax on "語法高亮
set tabstop=4 "tab寬度
set shiftwidth=4
set smarttab
set backspace=indent,eol,start
set expandtab "tab替換為空格鍵
set fileformat=unix "保存文件格式
set splitbelow
set cmdheight=2
set completeopt=longest,menu
set splitright
set foldmethod=indent
set foldlevel=99
" 設(shè)置空格為leader鍵
let mapleader=" "
使用vim-plug安裝NeoVim插件
curl -fLo ~/.config/nvim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
" vim-plug插件管理
call plug#begin('~/.config/nvim/plugged')
Plug 'junegunn/vim-plug'
call plug#end() 常用插件及設(shè)置
call plug#begin('~/.config/nvim/plugged')
Plug 'junegunn/vim-plug'
" git支持
Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
" Python自動(dòng)縮進(jìn)插件
Plug 'vim-scripts/indentpython.vim'
" 項(xiàng)目管理工具
Plug 'mhinz/vim-startify'
" 快速對(duì)齊插件
Plug 'junegunn/vim-easy-align'
" 當(dāng)前光標(biāo)下的單詞增加下劃線
Plug 'itchyny/vim-cursorword'
" 快速選擇插件
Plug 'tpope/vim-surround'
" 自定義代碼片斷
Plug 'honza/vim-snippets'
" 語法高亮支持
Plug 'sheerun/vim-polyglot'
" 主題、狀態(tài)欄設(shè)置
Plug 'haishanh/night-owl.vim'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
Plug 'ryanoasis/vim-devicons'
" coc擴(kuò)展
Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
" fzf模糊查找
Plug 'junegunn/fzf', { 'dir': '~/.fzf', 'do': './install --all' }
Plug 'junegunn/fzf.vim'
" whichkey快捷菜單
Plug 'liuchengxu/vim-which-key
" 浮動(dòng)窗口支持
Plug 'voldikss/vim-floaterm'
" ranger文件管理器支持
Plug 'kevinhwang91/rnvimr'
call plug#end()
" 啟用標(biāo)簽欄
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1
" 支持圖標(biāo)字體
let g:airline_powerline_fonts = 1
" 設(shè)置狀態(tài)欄主題
let g:airline_theme='night_owl'
" 設(shè)置主題
set termguicolors
let &t_8f = "\<Esc>[38;2;%lu;%lu;%lum"
let &t_8b = "\<Esc>[48;2;%lu;%lu;%lum"
syntax enable
colorscheme night-owl
安裝、配置coc.nvim擴(kuò)展
" coc擴(kuò)展
let g:coc_global_extensions = [
\'coc-json',
\'coc-pyright',
\'coc-snippets',
\'coc-xml',
\'coc-explorer',
\'coc-prettier',
\'coc-highlight']
" 使用tab鍵進(jìn)行補(bǔ)全選擇
inoremap <silent><expr> <TAB>
\ pumvisible() ? "\<C-n>" :
\ <SID>check_back_space() ? "\<TAB>" :
\ coc#refresh()
inoremap <expr><S-TAB> pumvisible() ? "\<C-p>" : "\<C-h>"
function! s:check_back_space() abort
let col = col('.') - 1
return !col || getline('.')[col - 1] =~# '\s'
endfunction
" 使用回車進(jìn)行補(bǔ)全選擇
inoremap <silent><expr> <cr> pumvisible() ? coc#_select_confirm()
\: "\<C-g>u\<CR>\<c-r>=coc#on_enter()\<CR>"
" Highlight the symbol and its references when holding the cursor.
autocmd CursorHold * silent call CocActionAsync('highlight')
" Add `:Format` command to format current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 Format :call CocAction('format')
" Add `:Fold` command to fold current buffer.
command! -nargs=? Fold :call CocAction('fold', <f-args>)
" Add `:OR` command for organize imports of the current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 OR :call CocAction('runCommand', 'editor.action.organizeImport')
" 添加狀態(tài)欄顯示支持
set statusline^=%{coc#status()}%{get(b:,'coc_current_function','')}
" 啟用Prettier進(jìn)行文件自動(dòng)格式化
command! -nargs=0 Prettier :CocCommand prettier.formatFile
let g:prettier#autoformat = 1
" 設(shè)置Coc Search
nnoremap <leader>? :CocSearch <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<CR><CR>
{
"python.defaultInterpreterPath": "/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/python",
"python.pythonPath": "/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/python",
"python.linting.pylintEnable":true,
"python.formatting.provider": "yapf",
"python.formatting.yapfArgs": [
"--style",
"{SPACES_AROUND_POWER_OPERATOR: True, SPACES_BEFORE_COMMENT: 1}"
],
"explorer.width": 38,
"explorer.quitOnOpen": true,
"explorer.sources": [
{
"name": "buffer",
"expand": false
},
{
"name": "file",
"expand": true
}
],
"explorer.file.column.indent.indentLine": true,
"explorer.file.showHiddenFiles": true,
"explorer.icon.enableNerdfont": true,
"explorer.keyMappingMode": "none",
"explorer.buffer.showHiddenBuffers": false,
"explorer.keyMappings.global": {
"o": ["wait", "expanded?", "collapse", "expand"],
"<cr>": ["wait", "expandable?", "cd", "open"],
"?": "help",
"q": "quit"
},
"coc.preferences.formatOnSaveFiletypes": ["*"],
"prettier.printWidth": 100,
"prettier.eslintIntegration": true,
"prettier.disableLanguages": [],
"prettier.formatterPriority": 1,
"prettier.useTabs": true,
"prettier.trailingComma": "all",
"prettier.singleQuote": false,
"prettier.tabWidth": 4
}配置vim-which-key
" 將空格設(shè)置為whichkeyleader鍵
nnoremap <silent> <leader> :WhichKey '<Space>'<CR>
" whichkey基本配置
let g:which_key_timeout = 100
let g:which_key_display_names = {'<CR>': '?', '<TAB>': '?'}
let g:which_key_map = {}
let g:which_key_sep = '→'
let g:which_key_use_floating_win = 0
let g:which_key_max_size = 0
" 呼出whichkey時(shí)隱藏狀態(tài)欄
autocmd! FileType which_key
autocmd FileType which_key set laststatus=0 noshowmode noruler
\| autocmd BufLeave <buffer> set laststatus=2 noshowmode ruler
" 自定義whichkey
let g:which_key_map['?'] = 'search word'
let g:which_key_map['/'] = [ ':call Comment()' , 'comment' ]
let g:which_key_map['.'] = [ ':e $MYVIMRC' , 'open init' ]
let g:which_key_map[';'] = [ ':Commands' , 'commands' ]
let g:which_key_map['e'] = [ ':CocCommand explorer --toggle --sources=file+' , 'explorer' ]
let g:which_key_map['n'] = [ ':let @/ = ""' , 'no highlight' ]
let g:which_key_map['q'] = [ '<Plug>(coc-fix-current)' , 'quickfix' ]
let g:which_key_map['u'] = [ ':UndotreeToggle' , 'undo tree']
let g:which_key_map['t'] = [':FloatermNew --wintype=normal --height=6' , 'terminal']
let g:which_key_map['r'] = [ ':FloatermNew ranger' , 'ranger']
let g:which_key_map['f'] = [':FloatermNew fzf' , 'fzf']
let g:which_key_map['g'] = [':FloatermNew lazygit' , 'git']
let g:which_key_map['p'] = [':FloatermNew python' , 'python']
call which_key#register('<Space>', "g:which_key_map")
在NeoVim中運(yùn)行Python腳本
"在普通模式下，按r來運(yùn)行Python腳本
noremap r :call RunPython()<CR>
func! RunPython()
exec "w"
if &filetype == 'python'
exec "!time python %"
endif
endfunc
05 結(jié)語
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