這樣統(tǒng)計代碼執(zhí)行耗時,才足夠優(yōu)雅!
來源 |?https://jitwxs.cn/5aa91d10.html
一、前言
代碼耗時統(tǒng)計在日常開發(fā)中算是一個十分常見的需求,特別是在需要找出代碼性能瓶頸時。
可能也是受限于 Java 的語言特性,總覺得代碼寫起來不夠優(yōu)雅,大量的耗時統(tǒng)計代碼,干擾了業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。特別是開發(fā)功能的時候,有個感受就是剛剛開發(fā)完代碼很清爽優(yōu)雅,結(jié)果加了一大堆輔助代碼后,整個代碼就變得臃腫了,自己看著都挺難受。因此總想著能不能把這塊寫的更優(yōu)雅一點,今天本文就嘗試探討下“代碼耗時統(tǒng)計”這一塊。
在開始正文前,先說下前提,“代碼耗時統(tǒng)計”的并不是某個方法的耗時,而是任意代碼段之間的耗時。這個代碼段,可能是一個方法中的幾行代碼,也有可能是從這個方法的某一行到另一個被調(diào)用方法的某一行,因此通過 AOP 方式是不能實現(xiàn)這個需求的。
二、常規(guī)方法
2.1 時間差統(tǒng)計
這種方式是最簡單的方法,記錄下開始時間,再記錄下結(jié)束時間,計算時間差即可。
public?class?TimeDiffTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????final?long?startMs?=?TimeUtils.nowMs();
????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
????????System.out.println("timeCost:?"?+?TimeUtils.diffMs(startMs));
????}
}
/*?output:?
timeCost:?5005
*/
public?class?TimeUtils?{
????/**
?????*?@return?當(dāng)前毫秒數(shù)
?????*/
????public?static?long?nowMs()?{
????????return?System.currentTimeMillis();
????}
????/**
?????*?當(dāng)前毫秒與起始毫秒差
?????*?@param?startMillis?開始納秒數(shù)
?????*?@return?時間差
?????*/
????public?static?long?diffMs(long?startMillis)?{
???????return?diffMs(startMillis,?nowMs());
????}
}
這種方式的優(yōu)點是實現(xiàn)簡單,利于理解;缺點就是對代碼的侵入性較大,看著很傻瓜,不優(yōu)雅。
2.2 StopWatch
第二種方式是參考 StopWatch ,StopWatch 通常被用作統(tǒng)計代碼耗時,各個框架和 Common 包都有自己的實現(xiàn)。
public?class?TraceWatchTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????TraceWatch?traceWatch?=?new?TraceWatch();
????????traceWatch.start("function1");
????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
????????traceWatch.stop();
????????traceWatch.start("function2");
????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
????????traceWatch.stop();
????????traceWatch.record("function1",?1);?//?直接記錄耗時
????????System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(traceWatch.getTaskMap()));
????}
}
/*?output:?
{"function2":[{"data":1000,"taskName":"function2"}],"function1":[{"data":1000,"taskName":"function1"},{"data":1,"taskName":"function1"}]}
*/
public?class?TraceWatch?{
????/**?Start?time?of?the?current?task.?*/
????private?long?startMs;
????/**?Name?of?the?current?task.?*/
????@Nullable
????private?String?currentTaskName;
????@Getter
????private?final?Map>?taskMap?=?new?HashMap<>();
????/**
?????*?開始時間差類型指標(biāo)記錄,如果需要終止,請調(diào)用?{@link?#stop()}
?????*
?????*?@param?taskName?指標(biāo)名
?????*/
????public?void?start(String?taskName)?throws?IllegalStateException?{
????????if?(this.currentTaskName?!=?null)?{
????????????throw?new?IllegalStateException("Can't?start?TraceWatch:?it's?already?running");
????????}
????????this.currentTaskName?=?taskName;
????????this.startMs?=?TimeUtils.nowMs();
????}
????/**
?????*?終止時間差類型指標(biāo)記錄,調(diào)用前請確保已經(jīng)調(diào)用
?????*/
????public?void?stop()?throws?IllegalStateException?{
????????if?(this.currentTaskName?==?null)?{
????????????throw?new?IllegalStateException("Can't?stop?TraceWatch:?it's?not?running");
????????}
????????long?lastTime?=?TimeUtils.nowMs()?-?this.startMs;
????????TaskInfo?info?=?new?TaskInfo(this.currentTaskName,?lastTime);
????????this.taskMap.computeIfAbsent(this.currentTaskName,?e?->?new?LinkedList<>()).add(info);
????????this.currentTaskName?=?null;
????}
????/**
?????*?直接記錄指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù),不局限于時間差類型
?????*??@param?taskName?指標(biāo)名
?????*?@param?data?指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)
?????*/
????public?void?record(String?taskName,?Object?data)?{
????????TaskInfo?info?=?new?TaskInfo(taskName,?data);
????????this.taskMap.computeIfAbsent(taskName,?e?->?new?LinkedList<>()).add(info);
????}
????@Getter
????@AllArgsConstructor
????public?static?final?class?TaskInfo?{
????????private?final?String?taskName;
????????private?final?Object?data;
????}
}
我是仿照 org.springframework.util.StopWatch 的實現(xiàn),寫了 TraceWatch 類,這個方法提供了兩種耗時統(tǒng)計的方法:
通過調(diào)用 Start(name) 和 Stop() 方法,進(jìn)行耗時統(tǒng)計。通過調(diào)用 Record(name, timeCost),方法,直接記錄耗時信息。這種方式本質(zhì)上和“時間差統(tǒng)計”是一致的,只是抽取了一層,稍微優(yōu)雅了一點。
注:你可以根據(jù)自己的業(yè)務(wù)需要,自行修改 TraceWatch 內(nèi)部的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu),我這里簡單起見,內(nèi)部的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)只是隨便舉了個例子。
三、高級方法
第二節(jié)提到的兩種方法,用大白話來說都是“直來直去”的感覺,我們還可以嘗試把代碼寫的更簡便一點。
3.1 Function
在 jdk 1.8 中,引入了 java.util.function 包,通過該類提供的接口,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在指定代碼段的上下文執(zhí)行額外代碼的功能。
public?class?TraceHolderTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
????????TraceWatch?traceWatch?=?new?TraceWatch();
????????TraceHolder.run(traceWatch,?"function1",?i?->?{
????????????try?{
????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????}
????????});
????????String?result?=?TraceHolder.run(traceWatch,?"function2",?()?->?{
????????????try?{
????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
????????????????return?"YES";
????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????????return?"NO";
????????????}
????????});
????????TraceHolder.run(traceWatch,?"function1",?i?->?{
????????????try?{
????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????}
????????});
????????System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(traceWatch.getTaskMap()));
????}
}
/*?output:?
{"function2":[{"data":1004,"taskName":"function2"}],"function1":[{"data":1001,"taskName":"function1"},{"data":1002,"taskName":"function1"}]}
*/
public?class?TraceHolder?{
????/**
?????*?有返回值調(diào)用
?????*/
????public?static??T?run(TraceWatch?traceWatch,?String?taskName,?Supplier?supplier) ?{
????????try?{
????????????traceWatch.start(taskName);
????????????return?supplier.get();
????????}?finally?{
????????????traceWatch.stop();
????????}
????}
????/**
?????*?無返回值調(diào)用
?????*/
????public?static?void?run(TraceWatch?traceWatch,?String?taskName,?IntConsumer?function)?{
????????try?{
????????????traceWatch.start(taskName);
????????????function.accept(0);
????????}?finally?{
????????????traceWatch.stop();
????????}
????}
}
這里我利用了 Supplier 和 IntConsumer 接口,對外提供了有返回值和無返回值得調(diào)用,在 TraceHolder 類中,在核心代碼塊的前后,分別調(diào)用了前文的 TraceWatch 的方法,實現(xiàn)了耗時統(tǒng)計的功能。
3.2 AutoCloseable
除了利用 Function 的特性,我們還可以使用 jdk 1.7 的 AutoCloseable 特性。說 AutoCloseable 可能有同學(xué)沒聽過,但是給大家展示下以下代碼,就會立刻明白是什么東西了。
//?未使用?AutoCloseable
public?static?String?readFirstLingFromFile(String?path)?throws?IOException?{
????BufferedReader?br?=?null;
????try?{
????????br?=?new?BufferedReader(new?FileReader(path));
????????return?br.readLine();
????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{
????????e.printStackTrace();
????}?finally?{
????????if?(br?!=?null)?{
????????????br.close();
????????}
????}
????return?null;
}
//?使用?AutoCloseable
public?static?String?readFirstLineFromFile(String?path)?throws?IOException?{
????try?(BufferedReader?br?=?new?BufferedReader(new?FileReader(path)))?{
????????return?br.readLine();
????}
}
在 try 后方可以加載一個實現(xiàn)了 AutoCloseable 接口的對象,該對象作用于整個 try 語句塊中,并且在執(zhí)行完畢后回調(diào) AutoCloseable#close() 方法。
讓我們對 TraceWatch 類進(jìn)行改造:
實現(xiàn) AutoCloseable 接口,實現(xiàn) close() 接口:
@Override
public?void?close()?{
????this.stop();
}
修改 start() 方法,使其支持鏈?zhǔn)秸{(diào)用:
public?TraceWatch?start(String?taskName)?throws?IllegalStateException?{
????if?(this.currentTaskName?!=?null)?{
????????throw?new?IllegalStateException("Can't?start?TraceWatch:?it's?already?running");
????}
????this.currentTaskName?=?taskName;
????this.startMs?=?TimeUtils.nowMs();
????
????return?this;
}
public?class?AutoCloseableTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
????????TraceWatch?traceWatch?=?new?TraceWatch();
????????try(TraceWatch?ignored?=?traceWatch.start("function1"))?{
????????????try?{
????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????}
????????}
????????try(TraceWatch?ignored?=?traceWatch.start("function2"))?{
????????????try?{
????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????}
????????}
????????try(TraceWatch?ignored?=?traceWatch.start("function1"))?{
????????????try?{
????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
????????????????e.printStackTrace();
????????????}
????????}
????????System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(traceWatch.getTaskMap()));
????}
}
/*?output:?
{"function2":[{"data":1001,"taskName":"function2"}],"function1":[{"data":1002,"taskName":"function1"},{"data":1002,"taskName":"function1"}]}
*/
四、總結(jié)
本文列舉了四種統(tǒng)計代碼耗時的方法:
時間差統(tǒng)計 StopWatch Function AutoCloseable
列舉的方案是我目前能想到的方案。
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