SpringBoot 單元測(cè)試詳解（Mockito、MockBean）

public?class?CalculatorTest?{
????Calculator?mCalculator;
?
????@Before?//?setup
????public?void?setup()?{
????????mCalculator?=?new?Calculator();
????}
?
????@Test?//assert?部分可以幫助我們驗(yàn)證一個(gè)結(jié)果
????public?void?testAdd()?throws?Exception?{
????????int?sum?=?mCalculator.add(1,?2);
????????assertEquals(3,?sum);??//為了簡(jiǎn)潔，往往會(huì)static?import?Assert里面的所有方法。
????}
?
????@Test
????@Ignore("not?implemented?yet")?//?測(cè)試時(shí)忽略該方法
????public?void?testMultiply()?throws?Exception?{
????}
?
????//?表示驗(yàn)證這個(gè)測(cè)試方法將拋出?IllegalArgumentException?異常，若沒(méi)拋出，則測(cè)試失敗
????@Test(expected?=?IllegalArgumentException.class)
????public?void?test()?{
????????mCalculator.divide(4,?0);
????}
}

//?注意這兩個(gè)都是靜態(tài)方法
@BeforeClass
public?static?void?test(){
?????
}
@AfterClass
public?static?void?test(){
}

????????org.springframework.boot
????????spring-boot-starter-test
????????test
????

//模擬創(chuàng)建一個(gè)List對(duì)象
List?mock?=??Mockito.mock(List.class);
//調(diào)用mock對(duì)象的方法
mock.add(1);
mock.clear();
//驗(yàn)證方法是否執(zhí)行
Mockito.verify(mock).add(1);
Mockito.verify(mock).clear();

//mock一個(gè)Iterator類
Iterator?iterator?=?mock(Iterator.class);
//預(yù)設(shè)當(dāng)iterator調(diào)用next()時(shí)第一次返回hello，第n次都返回world
Mockito.when(iterator.next()).thenReturn("hello").thenReturn("world");
//使用mock的對(duì)象
String?result?=?iterator.next()?+?"?"?+?iterator.next()?+?"?"?+?iterator.next();
//驗(yàn)證結(jié)果
Assert.assertEquals("hello?world?world",result);

@Test(expected?=?IOException.class)//期望報(bào)IO異常
public?void?when_thenThrow()?throws?IOException{
??????OutputStream?mock?=?Mockito.mock(OutputStream.class);
??????//預(yù)設(shè)當(dāng)流關(guān)閉時(shí)拋出異常
??????Mockito.doThrow(new?IOException()).when(mock).close();
??????mock.close();
??}

@Test
public?void?deepstubsTest(){
????A?a=Mockito.mock(A.class,Mockito.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS);
????Mockito.when(a.getB().getName()).thenReturn("Beijing");
????Assert.assertEquals("Beijing",a.getB().getName());
}
?
@Test
public?void?deepstubsTest2(){
????A?a=Mockito.mock(A.class);
????B?b=Mockito.mock(B.class);
????Mockito.when(a.getB()).thenReturn(b);
????Mockito.when(b.getName()).thenReturn("Beijing");
????Assert.assertEquals("Beijing",a.getB().getName());
}
class?A{
????private?B?b;
????public?B?getB(){
????????return?b;
????}
????public?void?setB(B?b){
????????this.b=b;
????}
}
class?B{
????private?String?name;
????public?String?getName(){
????????return?name;
????}
????public?void?setName(String?name){
????????this.name?=?name;
????}
????public?String?getSex(Integer?sex){
????????if(sex==1){
????????????return?"man";
????????}else{
????????????return?"woman";
????????}
????}
}

@Test
public?void?with_arguments(){
????B?b?=?Mockito.mock(B.class);
????//預(yù)設(shè)根據(jù)不同的參數(shù)返回不同的結(jié)果
????Mockito.when(b.getSex(1)).thenReturn("男");
????Mockito.when(b.getSex(2)).thenReturn("女");
????Assert.assertEquals("男",?b.getSex(1));
????Assert.assertEquals("女",?b.getSex(2));
????//對(duì)于沒(méi)有預(yù)設(shè)的情況會(huì)返回默認(rèn)值
????Assert.assertEquals(null,?b.getSex(0));
}
class?B{
????private?String?name;
????public?String?getName(){
????????return?name;
????}
????public?void?setName(String?name){
????????this.name?=?name;
????}
????public?String?getSex(Integer?sex){
????????if(sex==1){
????????????return?"man";
????????}else{
????????????return?"woman";
????????}
????}
}

@Test
public?void?with_unspecified_arguments(){
????List?list?=?Mockito.mock(List.class);
????//匹配任意參數(shù)
????Mockito.when(list.get(Mockito.anyInt())).thenReturn(1);
????Mockito.when(list.contains(Mockito.argThat(new?IsValid()))).thenReturn(true);
????Assert.assertEquals(1,list.get(1));
????Assert.assertEquals(1,list.get(999));
????Assert.assertTrue(list.contains(1));
????Assert.assertTrue(!list.contains(3));
}
class?IsValid?extends?ArgumentMatcher{
????@Override
????public?boolean?matches(Object?obj)?{
????????return?obj.equals(1)?||?obj.equals(2);
????}
}

Comparator?comparator?=?mock(Comparator.class);
comparator.compare("nihao","hello");
//如果你使用了參數(shù)匹配，那么所有的參數(shù)都必須通過(guò)matchers來(lái)匹配
Mockito.verify(comparator).compare(Mockito.anyString(),Mockito.eq("hello"));
//下面的為無(wú)效的參數(shù)匹配使用
//verify(comparator).compare(anyString(),"hello");

@Test
public?void?argumentMatchersTest(){
???//創(chuàng)建mock對(duì)象
???List?mock?=?mock(List.class);
???//argThat(Matches?matcher)方法用來(lái)應(yīng)用自定義的規(guī)則，可以傳入任何實(shí)現(xiàn)Matcher接口的實(shí)現(xiàn)類。
???Mockito.when(mock.addAll(Mockito.argThat(new?IsListofTwoElements()))).thenReturn(true);
???Assert.assertTrue(mock.addAll(Arrays.asList("one","two","three")));
}

class?IsListofTwoElements?extends?ArgumentMatcher
{
???public?boolean?matches(Object?list)
???{
???????return((List)list).size()==3;
???}
}

@Test
public?void?answerTest(){
??????List?mockList?=?Mockito.mock(List.class);
??????//使用方法預(yù)期回調(diào)接口生成期望值（Answer結(jié)構(gòu)）
??????Mockito.when(mockList.get(Mockito.anyInt())).thenAnswer(new?CustomAnswer());
??????Assert.assertEquals("hello?world:0",mockList.get(0));
??????Assert.assertEquals("hello?world:999",mockList.get(999));
??}
??private?class?CustomAnswer?implements?Answer?{
??????@Override
??????public?String?answer(InvocationOnMock?invocation)?throws?Throwable?{
??????????Object[]?args?=?invocation.getArguments();
??????????return?"hello?world:"+args[0];
??????}
??}

@Test
?public?void?answer_with_callback(){
??????//使用Answer來(lái)生成我們我們期望的返回
??????Mockito.when(mockList.get(Mockito.anyInt())).thenAnswer(new?Answer