20個(gè) Javascript 技巧,提高我們的摸魚(yú)時(shí)間!
作者:前端小智
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來(lái)源:SegmentFault 思否社區(qū)
使用方便有用的方法,以減少代碼行數(shù),提高我們的工作效率,增加我們的摸魚(yú)時(shí)間。
在我們的日常任務(wù)中,我們需要編寫(xiě)函數(shù),如排序、搜索、尋找惟一值、傳遞參數(shù)、交換值等,所以在這里分享一下我工作多年珍藏的幾個(gè)常用技巧和方法,以讓大家增加摸魚(yú)的時(shí)間。
這些方法肯定會(huì)幫助你:
減少代碼行
Coding Competitions
增加摸魚(yú)的時(shí)間
1.聲明和初始化數(shù)組
const array = Array(5).fill('');
// 輸出
(5) ["", "", "", "", ""]
const matrix = Array(5).fill(0).map(() => Array(5).fill(0))
// 輸出
(5) [Array(5), Array(5), Array(5), Array(5), Array(5)]
0: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
1: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
2: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
3: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
4: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
length: 5
2. 求和,最小值和最大值
const array = [5,4,7,8,9,2];
array.reduce((a,b) => a+b);
// 輸出: 35
array.reduce((a,b) => a>b?a:b);
// 輸出: 9
array.reduce((a,b) => a<b?a:b);
// 輸出: 2
3.排序字符串,數(shù)字或?qū)ο蟮葦?shù)組
const stringArr = ["Joe", "Kapil", "Steve", "Musk"]
stringArr.sort();
// 輸出
(4) ["Joe", "Kapil", "Musk", "Steve"]
stringArr.reverse();
// 輸出
(4) ["Steve", "Musk", "Kapil", "Joe"]
const array = [40, 100, 1, 5, 25, 10];
array.sort((a,b) => a-b);
// 輸出
(6) [1, 5, 10, 25, 40, 100]
array.sort((a,b) => b-a);
// 輸出
(6) [100, 40, 25, 10, 5, 1]
const objectArr = [
{ first_name: 'Lazslo', last_name: 'Jamf' },
{ first_name: 'Pig', last_name: 'Bodine' },
{ first_name: 'Pirate', last_name: 'Prentice' }
];
objectArr.sort((a, b) => a.last_name.localeCompare(b.last_name));
// 輸出
(3) [{…}, {…}, {…}]
0: {first_name: "Pig", last_name: "Bodine"}
1: {first_name: "Lazslo", last_name: "Jamf"}
2: {first_name: "Pirate", last_name: "Prentice"}
length: 3
4.從數(shù)組中過(guò)濾到虛值
const array = [3, 0, 6, 7, '', false];
array.filter(Boolean);
// 輸出
(3) [3, 6, 7]
5. 使用邏輯運(yùn)算符處理需要條件判斷的情況
function doSomething(arg1){
arg1 = arg1 || 10;
// 如果arg1沒(méi)有值,則取默認(rèn)值 10
}
let foo = 10;
foo === 10 && doSomething();
// 如果 foo 等于 10,剛執(zhí)行 doSomething();
// 輸出: 10
foo === 5 || doSomething();
// is the same thing as if (foo != 5) then doSomething();
// Output: 10
6. 去除重復(fù)值
const array = [5,4,7,8,9,2,7,5];
array.filter((item,idx,arr) => arr.indexOf(item) === idx);
// or
const nonUnique = [...new Set(array)];
// Output: [5, 4, 7, 8, 9, 2]
7. 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器對(duì)象或 Map
大多數(shù)情況下,可以通過(guò)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)對(duì)象或者M(jìn)ap來(lái)計(jì)數(shù)某些特殊詞出現(xiàn)的頻率。
let string = 'kapilalipak';
const table={};
for(let char of string) {
table[char]=table[char]+1 || 1;
}
// 輸出
{k: 2, a: 3, p: 2, i: 2, l: 2}或者 const countMap = new Map();
for (let i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
if (countMap.has(string[i])) {
countMap.set(string[i], countMap.get(string[i]) + 1);
} else {
countMap.set(string[i], 1);
}
}
// 輸出
Map(5) {"k" => 2, "a" => 3, "p" => 2, "i" => 2, "l" => 2}
8. 三元運(yùn)算符很酷
function Fever(temp) {
return temp > 97 ? 'Visit Doctor!'
: temp < 97 ? 'Go Out and Play!!'
: temp === 97 ? 'Take Some Rest!': 'Go Out and Play!';;
}
// 輸出
Fever(97): "Take Some Rest!"
Fever(100): "Visit Doctor!"
9. 循環(huán)方法的比較
for 和 for..in 默認(rèn)獲取索引,但你可以使用arr[index]。
for..in也接受非數(shù)字,所以要避免使用。
forEach, for...of 直接得到元素。
forEach 也可以得到索引,但 for...of 不行。
10. 合并兩個(gè)對(duì)象
const user = {
name: 'Kapil Raghuwanshi',
gender: 'Male'
};
const college = {
primary: 'Mani Primary School',
secondary: 'Lass Secondary School'
};
const skills = {
programming: 'Extreme',
swimming: 'Average',
sleeping: 'Pro'
};
const summary = {...user, ...college, ...skills};
// 合并多個(gè)對(duì)象
gender: "Male"
name: "Kapil Raghuwanshi"
primary: "Mani Primary School"
programming: "Extreme"
secondary: "Lass Secondary School"
sleeping: "Pro"
swimming: "Average"
11. 箭頭函數(shù)
const person = {
name: 'Kapil',
sayName() {
return this.name;
}
}
person.sayName();
// 輸出
"Kapil"
const person = {
name: 'Kapil',
sayName : () => {
return this.name;
}
}
person.sayName();
// Output
"
12. 可選的鏈
const user = {
employee: {
name: "Kapil"
}
};
user.employee?.name;
// Output: "Kapil"
user.employ?.name;
// Output: undefined
user.employ.name
// 輸出: VM21616:1 Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined
13.洗牌一個(gè)數(shù)組
const list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
list.sort(() => {
return Math.random() - 0.5;
});
// 輸出
(9) [2, 5, 1, 6, 9, 8, 4, 3, 7]
// 輸出
(9) [4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 8, 2, 9, 6]
14.雙問(wèn)號(hào)語(yǔ)法
const foo = null ?? 'my school';
// 輸出: "my school"
const baz = 0 ?? 42;
// 輸出: 0
15.剩余和展開(kāi)語(yǔ)法
function myFun(a, b, ...manyMoreArgs) {
return arguments.length;
}
myFun("one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six");
// 輸出: 6
const parts = ['shoulders', 'knees'];
const lyrics = ['head', ...parts, 'and', 'toes'];
lyrics;
// 輸出:
(5) ["head", "shoulders", "knees", "and", "toes"]
16.默認(rèn)參數(shù)
const search = (arr, low=0,high=arr.length-1) => {
return high;
}
search([1,2,3,4,5]);
// 輸出: 4
17. 將十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換為二進(jìn)制或十六進(jìn)制
const num = 10;
num.toString(2);
// 輸出: "1010"
num.toString(16);
// 輸出: "a"
num.toString(8);
// 輸出: "12"
18. 使用解構(gòu)來(lái)交換兩個(gè)數(shù)
let a = 5;
let b = 8;
[a,b] = [b,a]
[a,b]
// 輸出
(2) [8, 5]
19. 單行的回文數(shù)檢查
function checkPalindrome(str) {
return str == str.split('').reverse().join('');
}
checkPalindrome('naman');
// 輸出: true
20.將Object屬性轉(zhuǎn)換為屬性數(shù)組
const obj = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };
Object.entries(obj);
// Output
(3) [Array(2), Array(2), Array(2)]
0: (2) ["a", 1]
1: (2) ["b", 2]
2: (2) ["c", 3]
length: 3
Object.keys(obj);
(3) ["a", "b", "c"]
Object.values(obj);
(3) [1, 2, 3]
~完,我是小智,我們下期見(jiàn)!

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