我們平常的日歷也可以當(dāng)作可視化工具，適用于顯示不同時間段，以及活動事件的組織情況。時間段通常以不同單位顯示，例如日、周、月和年。今天我們最常用的日歷形式是公歷，每個月份的月歷由7個垂直列組成（代表每周7天），如圖所示。

日歷圖的主要可視化形式有如圖6-2-2所示的兩種：以年為單位的日歷圖（見圖6-2-2 (a)）和以月為單位的日歷圖（見圖6-2-2 (b)）。日歷圖的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)一般為(Date,Value)，將Value按照Date（日期）在日歷上展示，其中Value映射到顏色。

1. ggTimeSeries繪圖

R中g(shù)gTimeSeries 包[1]的ggplot_calendar_heatmap()函數(shù)可以繪制如圖6-2-2(a)所示的日歷圖，但是不能設(shè)定日歷圖每個時間單元的邊框格式。

使用stat_calendar_heatmap()函數(shù)和ggplot2包的ggplot()函數(shù)可以調(diào)整日歷圖每個時間單元的邊框格式，具體代碼如下所示。其關(guān)鍵是使用as.integer(strftime())日期型處理組合函數(shù)獲取某天對應(yīng)所在的年份、月份、周數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)信息。

#setwd("D:/R/working_documents1")library(ggplot2)library(data.table) # 數(shù)據(jù)格式依賴library(ggTimeSeries)library(RColorBrewer)

#?構(gòu)造隨機數(shù)據(jù)set.seed(2134)dat <- data.table(  date = seq(as.Date("2016-01-01"), as.Date("2019-12-31"), "days"),  ValueCol = runif(1461))
dat[, ValueCol := ValueCol + (strftime(date, "%u") %in% c(6,7)*runif(1)*0.75)    ][, ValueCol := ValueCol + (abs(as.numeric(strftime(date, "%m")) - 6.5))*runif(1)*0.75      ][, ':='(Year = as.integer(strftime(date, "%Y")), # add new column               month = as.integer(strftime(date, "%m")),               week = as.integer(strftime(date, "%W")))] # 添加列
MonthLabels <- dat[, list(meanWkofYr = mean(week)), by = c("month")???????????????????][,?month?:=?month.abb[month]]

ggplot(data = dat, aes(date = date, fill = ValueCol)) +   stat_calendar_heatmap() +   scale_fill_gradientn(colours = rev(brewer.pal(11, "Spectral"))) +   scale_y_continuous(name = NULL,                     breaks = seq(7, 1, -1),                      labels = c("Mon", "Tue", "Wed",                                 "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun")) +   scale_x_continuous(name = NULL,                      breaks = MonthLabels$meanWkofYr,                      labels = MonthLabels$month,                      expand = c(0,0)) +   facet_wrap(~Year, ncol = 1, strip.position = "right") +   theme(panel.background = element_blank(),        panel.border = element_blank(),        strip.background = element_blank(),        strip.text = element_text(size = 13, face = "plain", color = "black"),        axis.line = element_line(colour = "black", size = 0.25),        axis.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "plain", color = "black"),        axis.text = element_text(size = 10, face = "plain", color = "black"))

2.geom_tile()

使用R中g(shù)gplot2包的geom_tile()函數(shù)，借助facet_wrap()函數(shù)分面，就可以繪制如圖6-2-2(b)所示的以月為單位的日歷圖，具體代碼如下所示。

label_mons <- c("Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul",                 "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec")label_wik <- c("Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun")
dat19 <- dat[Year == 2017, list(date, ValueCol, month, week)             ][, ':='(weekday = as.integer(strftime(date, "%u")), # 周數(shù)                      yearmonth = strftime(date, "%m%Y"),       # 月數(shù)                      day = strftime(date, "%d"))              # 天數(shù)               ][, ':='(monthf = factor(x = month, levels = as.character(1:12),                                      labels = label_mons, ordered = TRUE),                        weekdayf = factor(x = weekday, levels = 1:7,                                            labels = label_wik, ordered = TRUE),                        yearmonthf = factor(x = yearmonth))                 ][, ':='(monthweek = 1 + week - min(week)), by = .(monthf)] # 分組聚合

label_mons <- c("Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul",                 "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec")label_wik <- c("Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun")
dat19 <- dat[Year == 2017, list(date, ValueCol, month, week)             ][, ':='(weekday = as.integer(strftime(date, "%u")), # 周數(shù)                      day = strftime(date, "%d"))              # 天數(shù)               ][, ':='(monthf = factor(x = month, levels = as.character(1:12),                                      labels = label_mons, ordered = TRUE),                        weekdayf = factor(x = weekday, levels = 1:7,                                            labels = label_wik, ordered = TRUE))                 ][, ':='(monthweek = 1 + week - min(week)), by = .(monthf)] # 分組聚合

ggplot(dat19, aes(weekdayf, monthweek, fill = ValueCol)) +   geom_tile(color = "white") +   geom_text(aes(label = day), size = 3) +   scale_fill_gradientn(colours = rev(brewer.pal(11, "Spectral"))) +   facet_wrap(~monthf, nrow = 3) +   scale_y_reverse(name = "Week of the month") +   xlab("Day") +  theme(strip.text = element_text(size = 11, face = "plain", color = "black"),        panel.grid = element_blank())

感謝譽輝優(yōu)化《R語言數(shù)據(jù)可視化之美》關(guān)于熱力日歷圖的代碼

參考：

[1]?ggTimeSeries?包的參考網(wǎng)址：http://www.ggplot2-exts.org/ggTimeSeries.html

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R-ggTimeSeries | ggplot2: 熱力日歷圖

1. ggTimeSeries繪圖

2.geom_tile()