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軟開源了一個 Python 項目：Playwright，從此又多了一個瀏覽器自動化工具。之前一直用 selenium 或 splinter。

Playwright 可通過單個 API?自動執(zhí)行?Chromium，Firefox?和?WebKit瀏覽器，支持無頭瀏覽器（headless），Linux、macOS、Windows 下均可以使用，Playwright提供的自動化技術(shù)是綠色的，功能強大，穩(wěn)定且速度快。

Playwright 最吸引我的地方在于它可以自己記錄你對瀏覽器的操作，并將這些操作生成可以執(zhí)行的代碼，這簡直就是神器，大大提升了瀏覽器自動化的效率。生成代碼只需要執(zhí)行

python -m playwright codegen

此外，它不像 selenium 需要再單獨安裝瀏覽器驅(qū)動，它在 pip install 時就會安裝瀏覽器的驅(qū)動文件。

pip install playwrightpython -m playwright install

這將會安裝 Playwright 和 Chromium，F(xiàn)irefox 和 WebKit 瀏覽器的二進制文件，非常方便，需要 Python 3.7 及以上版本。

還有幾個亮眼的功能：

1、Playwright同時提供同步（阻止）API和異步API。

它們在功能方面是相同的，只是在使用API的方式上有所不同。

同步：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:    for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:        browser = browser_type.launch()        page = browser.newPage()        page.goto('http://whatsmyuseragent.org/')        page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')        browser.close()

異步：

import asynciofrom playwright import async_playwright
async def main():    async with async_playwright() as p:        for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:            browser = await browser_type.launch()            page = await browser.newPage()            await page.goto('http://whatsmyuseragent.org/')            await page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')            await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())

2、集成 pytest 測試：

def test_playwright_is_visible_on_google(page):    page.goto("https://www.google.com")    page.type("input[name=q]", "Playwright GitHub")    page.click("input[type=submit]")    page.waitForSelector("text=microsoft/Playwright")

3、交互模式運行：

>>> from playwright import sync_playwright>>> playwright = sync_playwright().start()
# Use playwright.chromium, playwright.firefox or playwright.webkit# Pass headless=False to see the browser UI>>> browser = playwright.chromium.launch()>>> page = browser.newPage()>>> page.goto("http://whatsmyuseragent.org/")>>> page.screenshot(path="example.png")>>> browser.close()>>> playwright.stop(

4、執(zhí)行 JS 代碼：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:    browser = p.firefox.launch()    page = browser.newPage()    page.goto('https://www.example.com/')    dimensions = page.evaluate('''() => {      return {        width: document.documentElement.clientWidth,        height: document.documentElement.clientHeight,        deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio      }    }''')    print(dimensions)    browser.close()

5、中斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:    browser = p.chromium.launch()    page = browser.newPage()
    def log_and_continue_request(route, request):      print(request.url)      route.continue_()
    # Log and continue all network requests    page.route('**', lambda route, request: log_and_continue_request(route, request))
    page.goto('http://todomvc.com')    browser.close()

官方文檔暫時還是 Node.js 版本，不過正在轉(zhuǎn)換成 Python 版本，API的調(diào)用方式相當一致，現(xiàn)在看 Node.js 版本的文檔來編碼也是無障礙的。

官方文檔：https://playwright.dev/

GitHub 倉庫：https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python

綜上，感覺比 selenium 更好用啦，準備入坑。如果覺得文章對你有用，歡迎點贊、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)、關(guān)注，謝謝支持。

微軟開源的瀏覽器自動化工具-Playwright