一不小心，我爬取了100萬條微博評論
鄭重聲明：本項目及所有相關(guān)文章，僅用于經(jīng)驗技術(shù)交流，禁止將相關(guān)技術(shù)應(yīng)用到不正當途徑，因為濫用技術(shù)產(chǎn)生的風險與本人無關(guān)
大家好，我是朱小五
今天給大家分享一篇文章用來學(xué)習(xí)，是關(guān)于微博評論的爬蟲。
作者月小水長，已經(jīng)在源碼關(guān)鍵處做了注釋。
（溫馨提醒：完整代碼地址在文末！文末！）
下面見證奇跡的時刻：
1、引入庫
import time
import base64
import rsa
import binascii
import requests
import re
from PIL import Image
import random
from urllib.parse import quote_plus
import http.cookiejar as cookielib
import csv
import os2、一些全局變量的設(shè)置
comment_path = 'comment'
agent = 'mozilla/5.0 (windowS NT 10.0; win64; x64) appLewEbkit/537.36 (KHTML, likE gecko) chrome/71.0.3578.98 safari/537.36'
headers = {'User-Agent': agent}3、創(chuàng)立目錄作為存放數(shù)據(jù)的
if not os.path.exists(comment_path):
os.mkdir(comment_path)4、登陸類的創(chuàng)立
class WeiboLogin(object):
"""
通過登錄 weibo.com 然后跳轉(zhuǎn)到 m.weibo.cn
"""
# 初始化數(shù)據(jù)
def __init__(self, user, password, cookie_path):
super(WeiboLogin, self).__init__()
self.user = user
self.password = password
self.session = requests.Session()
self.cookie_path = cookie_path
# LWPCookieJar是python中管理cookie的工具，可以將cookie保存到文件，或者在文件中讀取cookie數(shù)據(jù)到程序
self.session.cookies = cookielib.LWPCookieJar(filename=self.cookie_path)
self.index_url = "http://weibo.com/login.php"
self.session.get(self.index_url, headers=headers, timeout=2)
self.postdata = dict()
def get_su(self):
"""
對 email 地址和手機號碼 先 javascript 中 encodeURIComponent
對應(yīng) Python 3 中的是 urllib.parse.quote_plus
然后在 base64 加密后decode
"""
username_quote = quote_plus(self.user)
username_base64 = base64.b64encode(username_quote.encode("utf-8"))
return username_base64.decode("utf-8")
# 預(yù)登陸獲得 servertime, nonce, pubkey, rsakv
def get_server_data(self, su):
"""與原來的相比，微博的登錄從 v1.4.18 升級到了 v1.4.19
這里使用了 URL 拼接的方式，也可以用 Params 參數(shù)傳遞的方式
"""
pre_url = "http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/prelogin.php?entry=weibo&callback=sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack&su="
pre_url = pre_url + su + "&rsakt=mod&checkpin=1&client=ssologin.js(v1.4.19)&_="
pre_url = pre_url + str(int(time.time() * 1000))
pre_data_res = self.session.get(pre_url, headers=headers)
# print("*"*50)
# print(pre_data_res.text)
# print("*" * 50)
sever_data = eval(pre_data_res.content.decode("utf-8").replace("sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack", ''))
return sever_data
def get_password(self, servertime, nonce, pubkey):
"""對密碼進行 RSA 的加密"""
rsaPublickey = int(pubkey, 16)
key = rsa.PublicKey(rsaPublickey, 65537) # 創(chuàng)建公鑰
message = str(servertime) + '\t' + str(nonce) + '\n' + str(self.password) # 拼接明文js加密文件中得到
message = message.encode("utf-8")
passwd = rsa.encrypt(message, key) # 加密
passwd = binascii.b2a_hex(passwd) # 將加密信息轉(zhuǎn)換為16進制。
return passwd
def get_cha(self, pcid):
"""獲取驗證碼，并且用PIL打開，
1. 如果本機安裝了圖片查看軟件，也可以用 os.subprocess 的打開驗證碼
2. 可以改寫此函數(shù)接入打碼平臺。
"""
cha_url = "https://login.sina.com.cn/cgi/pin.php?r="
cha_url = cha_url + str(int(random.random() * 100000000)) + "&s=0&p="
cha_url = cha_url + pcid
cha_page = self.session.get(cha_url, headers=headers)
with open("cha.jpg", 'wb') as f:
f.write(cha_page.content)
f.close()
try:
im = Image.open("cha.jpg")
im.show()
im.close()
except Exception as e:
print(u"請到當前目錄下，找到驗證碼后輸入")
def pre_login(self):
# su 是加密后的用戶名
su = self.get_su()
sever_data = self.get_server_data(su)
servertime = sever_data["servertime"]
nonce = sever_data['nonce']
rsakv = sever_data["rsakv"]
pubkey = sever_data["pubkey"]
showpin = sever_data["showpin"] # 這個參數(shù)的意義待探索
password_secret = self.get_password(servertime, nonce, pubkey)
self.postdata = {
'entry': 'weibo',
'gateway': '1',
'from': '',
'savestate': '7',
'useticket': '1',
'pagerefer': "https://passport.weibo.com",
'vsnf': '1',
'su': su,
'service': 'miniblog',
'servertime': servertime,
'nonce': nonce,
'pwencode': 'rsa2',
'rsakv': rsakv,
'sp': password_secret,
'sr': '1366*768',
'encoding': 'UTF-8',
'prelt': '115',
"cdult": "38",
'url': 'http://weibo.com/ajaxlogin.php?framelogin=1&callback=parent.sinaSSOController.feedBackUrlCallBack',
'returntype': 'TEXT' # 這里是 TEXT 和 META 選擇，具體含義待探索
}
return sever_data
def login(self):
# 先不輸入驗證碼登錄測試
try:
sever_data = self.pre_login()
login_url = 'https://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.4.19)&_'
login_url = login_url + str(time.time() * 1000)
login_page = self.session.post(login_url, data=self.postdata, headers=headers)
ticket_js = login_page.json()
ticket = ticket_js["ticket"]
except Exception as e:
sever_data = self.pre_login()
login_url = 'https://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.4.19)&_'
login_url = login_url + str(time.time() * 1000)
pcid = sever_data["pcid"]
self.get_cha(pcid)
self.postdata['door'] = input(u"請輸入驗證碼")
login_page = self.session.post(login_url, data=self.postdata, headers=headers)
ticket_js = login_page.json()
ticket = ticket_js["ticket"]
# 以下內(nèi)容是 處理登錄跳轉(zhuǎn)鏈接
save_pa = r'==-(\d+)-'
ssosavestate = int(re.findall(save_pa, ticket)[0]) + 3600 * 7
jump_ticket_params = {
"callback": "sinaSSOController.callbackLoginStatus",
"ticket": ticket,
"ssosavestate": str(ssosavestate),
"client": "ssologin.js(v1.4.19)",
"_": str(time.time() * 1000),
}
jump_url = "https://passport.weibo.com/wbsso/login"
jump_headers = {
"Host": "passport.weibo.com",
"Referer": "https://weibo.com/",
"User-Agent": headers["User-Agent"]
}
jump_login = self.session.get(jump_url, params=jump_ticket_params, headers=jump_headers)
uuid = jump_login.text
uuid_pa = r'"uniqueid":"(.*?)"'
uuid_res = re.findall(uuid_pa, uuid, re.S)[0]
web_weibo_url = "http://weibo.com/%s/profile?topnav=1&wvr=6&is_all=1" % uuid_res
weibo_page = self.session.get(web_weibo_url, headers=headers)
# print(weibo_page.content.decode("utf-8")
Mheaders = {
"Host": "login.sina.com.cn",
"User-Agent": agent
}
# m.weibo.cn 登錄的 url 拼接
_rand = str(time.time())
mParams = {
"url": "https://m.weibo.cn/",
"_rand": _rand,
"gateway": "1",
"service": "sinawap",
"entry": "sinawap",
"useticket": "1",
"returntype": "META",
"sudaref": "",
"_client_version": "0.6.26",
}
murl = "https://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php"
mhtml = self.session.get(murl, params=mParams, headers=Mheaders)
mhtml.encoding = mhtml.apparent_encoding
mpa = r'replace\((.*?)\);'
mres = re.findall(mpa, mhtml.text)
# 關(guān)鍵的跳轉(zhuǎn)步驟，這里不出問題，基本就成功了。
Mheaders["Host"] = "passport.weibo.cn"
self.session.get(eval(mres[0]), headers=Mheaders)
mlogin = self.session.get(eval(mres[0]), headers=Mheaders)
# print(mlogin.status_code)
# 進過幾次 頁面跳轉(zhuǎn)后，m.weibo.cn 登錄成功，下次測試是否登錄成功
Mheaders["Host"] = "m.weibo.cn"
Set_url = "https://m.weibo.cn"
pro = self.session.get(Set_url, headers=Mheaders)
pa_login = r'isLogin":true,'
login_res = re.findall(pa_login, pro.text)
# print(login_res)
# 可以通過 session.cookies 對 cookies 進行下一步相關(guān)操作
self.session.cookies.save()
# print("*"*50)
# print(self.cookie_path)5、定義cookie的加載和信息的重定義
def get_cookies():
# 加載cookie
cookies = cookielib.LWPCookieJar("Cookie.txt")
cookies.load(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
# 將cookie轉(zhuǎn)換成字典
cookie_dict = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(cookies)
return cookie_dict
def info_parser(data):
id,time,text = data['id'],data['created_at'],data['text']
user = data['user']
uid,username,following,followed,gender = \
user['id'],user['screen_name'],user['follow_count'],user['followers_count'],user['gender']
return {
'wid':id,
'time':time,
'text':text,
'uid':uid,
'username':username,
'following':following,
'followed':followed,
'gender':gender
}6、開始爬
def start_crawl(cookie_dict,id):
base_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/comments/hotflow?id={}&mid={}&max_id_type=0'
next_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/comments/hotflow?id={}&mid={}&max_id={}&max_id_type={}'
page = 1
id_type = 0
comment_count = 0
requests_count = 1
res = requests.get(url=base_url.format(id,id), headers=headers,cookies=cookie_dict)
while True:
print('parse page {}'.format(page))
page += 1
try:
data = res.json()['data']
wdata = []
max_id = data['max_id']
for c in data['data']:
comment_count += 1
row = info_parser(c)
wdata.append(info_parser(c))
if c.get('comments', None):
temp = []
for cc in c.get('comments'):
temp.append(info_parser(cc))
wdata.append(info_parser(cc))
comment_count += 1
row['comments'] = temp
print(row)
with open('{}/{}.csv'.format(comment_path, id), mode='a+', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
for d in wdata:
writer.writerow([d['wid'],d['time'],d['text'],d['uid'],d['username'],d['following'],d['followed'],d['gender']])
time.sleep(3)
except:
print(res.text)
id_type += 1
print('評論總數(shù): {}'.format(comment_count))
res = requests.get(url=next_url.format(id, id, max_id,id_type), headers=headers,cookies=cookie_dict)
requests_count += 1
if requests_count%50==0:
print(id_type)
print(res.status_code)7、主函數(shù)
if __name__ == '__main__':
username = "18100000000" # 用戶名（注冊的手機號）
password = "123456" # 密碼
cookie_path = "Cookie.txt" # 保存cookie 的文件名稱
id = '4477416430959369' # 爬取微博的 id
WeiboLogin(username, password, cookie_path).login()
with open('{}/{}.csv'.format(comment_path, id), mode='w', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
writer.writerow(['wid', 'time', 'text', 'uid', 'username', 'following', 'followed', 'gender'])
start_crawl(get_cookies(), id)8、獲取id
你需要獲得想要找的微博id，那么對于小白來說怎么找id呢？看圖說話
首先找到你想爬的微博，這里以微博故事為例，在瀏覽器內(nèi)按下F12，并且點擊評論按鈕
點擊‘網(wǎng)絡(luò)’，找到一條像圖中的get請求。查看它的參數(shù)，mid就是它的id
代碼獲取：
微信公眾號發(fā)送“微博”獲取。
評論
圖片
表情