建議收藏，22個Python迷你項目(附源碼)
在使用Python的過程中，我最喜歡的就是Python的各種第三方庫，能夠完成很多操作。
下面就給大家介紹22個通過Python構(gòu)建的項目，以此來學(xué)習(xí)Python編程。
大家也可根據(jù)項目的目的及提示，自己構(gòu)建解決方法，提高編程水平。
① 骰子模擬器
目的：創(chuàng)建一個程序來模擬擲骰子。
提示：當(dāng)用戶詢問時，使用random模塊生成一個1到6之間的數(shù)字。
② 石頭剪刀布游戲
目標(biāo)：創(chuàng)建一個命令行游戲，游戲者可以在石頭、剪刀和布之間進(jìn)行選擇，與計算機(jī)PK。如果游戲者贏了，得分就會添加，直到結(jié)束游戲時，最終的分?jǐn)?shù)會展示給游戲者。
提示：接收游戲者的選擇，并且與計算機(jī)的選擇進(jìn)行比較。計算機(jī)的選擇是從選擇列表中隨機(jī)選取的。如果游戲者獲勝，則增加1分。
import random
choices = ["Rock", "Paper", "Scissors"]
computer = random.choice(choices)
player = False
cpu_score = 0
player_score = 0
while True:
player = input("Rock, Paper or Scissors?").capitalize()
# 判斷游戲者和電腦的選擇
if player == computer:
print("Tie!")
elif player == "Rock":
if computer == "Paper":
print("You lose!", computer, "covers", player)
cpu_score+=1
else:
print("You win!", player, "smashes", computer)
player_score+=1
elif player == "Paper":
if computer == "Scissors":
print("You lose!", computer, "cut", player)
cpu_score+=1
else:
print("You win!", player, "covers", computer)
player_score+=1
elif player == "Scissors":
if computer == "Rock":
print("You lose...", computer, "smashes", player)
cpu_score+=1
else:
print("You win!", player, "cut", computer)
player_score+=1
elif player=='E':
print("Final Scores:")
print(f"CPU:{cpu_score}")
print(f"Plaer:{player_score}")
break
else:
print("That's not a valid play. Check your spelling!")
computer = random.choice(choices)
③ 隨機(jī)密碼生成器
目標(biāo)：創(chuàng)建一個程序，可指定密碼長度，生成一串隨機(jī)密碼。
提示：創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)字+大寫字母+小寫字母+特殊字符的字符串。根據(jù)設(shè)定的密碼長度隨機(jī)生成一串密碼。
④ 句子生成器
目的：通過用戶提供的輸入，來生成隨機(jī)且唯一的句子。
提示：以用戶輸入的名詞、代詞、形容詞等作為輸入，然后將所有數(shù)據(jù)添加到句子中，并將其組合返回。
⑤ 猜數(shù)字游戲
目的：在這個游戲中，任務(wù)是創(chuàng)建一個腳本，能夠在一個范圍內(nèi)生成一個隨機(jī)數(shù)。如果用戶在三次機(jī)會中猜對了數(shù)字，那么用戶贏得游戲，否則用戶輸。
提示：生成一個隨機(jī)數(shù)，然后使用循環(huán)給用戶三次猜測機(jī)會，根據(jù)用戶的猜測打印最終的結(jié)果。
⑥ 故事生成器
目的：每次用戶運(yùn)行程序時，都會生成一個隨機(jī)的故事。
提示：random模塊可以用來選擇故事的隨機(jī)部分，內(nèi)容來自每個列表里。
⑦ 郵件地址切片器
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，可以從郵件地址中獲取用戶名和域名。
提示：使用@作為分隔符，將地址分為分為兩個字符串。
⑧ 自動發(fā)送郵件
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，可以使用這個腳本發(fā)送電子郵件。
提示：email庫可用于發(fā)送電子郵件。
import smtplib
from email.message import EmailMessage
email = EmailMessage() ## Creating a object for EmailMessage
email['from'] = 'xyz name' ## Person who is sending
email['to'] = 'xyz id' ## Whom we are sending
email['subject'] = 'xyz subject' ## Subject of email
email.set_content("Xyz content of email") ## content of email
with smtlib.SMTP(host='smtp.gmail.com',port=587)as smtp:
## sending request to server
smtp.ehlo() ## server object
smtp.starttls() ## used to send data between server and client
smtp.login("email_id","Password") ## login id and password of gmail
smtp.send_message(email) ## Sending email
print("email send") ## Printing success message
⑨ 縮寫詞
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，從給定的句子生成一個縮寫詞。
提示：你可以通過拆分和索引來獲取第一個單詞，然后將其組合。
⑩ 文字冒險游戲
目的：編寫一個有趣的Python腳本，通過為路徑選擇不同的選項讓用戶進(jìn)行有趣的冒險。
? Hangman
目的：創(chuàng)建一個簡單的命令行hangman游戲。
提示：創(chuàng)建一個密碼詞的列表并隨機(jī)選擇一個單詞。現(xiàn)在將每個單詞用下劃線“_”表示，給用戶提供猜單詞的機(jī)會，如果用戶猜對了單詞，則將“_”用單詞替換。
import time
import random
name = input("What is your name? ")
print ("Hello, " + name, "Time to play hangman!")
time.sleep(1)
print ("Start guessing...\n")
time.sleep(0.5)
## A List Of Secret Words
words = ['python','programming','treasure','creative','medium','horror']
word = random.choice(words)
guesses = ''
turns = 5
while turns > 0:
failed = 0
for char in word:
if char in guesses:
print (char,end="")
else:
print ("_",end=""),
failed += 1
if failed == 0:
print ("\nYou won")
break
guess = input("\nguess a character:")
guesses += guess
if guess not in word:
turns -= 1
print("\nWrong")
print("\nYou have", + turns, 'more guesses')
if turns == 0:
print ("\nYou Lose")
? 鬧鐘
目的：編寫一個創(chuàng)建鬧鐘的Python腳本。
提示：你可以使用date-time模塊創(chuàng)建鬧鐘，以及playsound庫播放聲音。
from datetime import datetime
from playsound import playsound
alarm_time = input("Enter the time of alarm to be set:HH:MM:SS\n")
alarm_hour=alarm_time[0:2]
alarm_minute=alarm_time[3:5]
alarm_seconds=alarm_time[6:8]
alarm_period = alarm_time[9:11].upper()
print("Setting up alarm..")
while True:
now = datetime.now()
current_hour = now.strftime("%I")
current_minute = now.strftime("%M")
current_seconds = now.strftime("%S")
current_period = now.strftime("%p")
if(alarm_period==current_period):
if(alarm_hour==current_hour):
if(alarm_minute==current_minute):
if(alarm_seconds==current_seconds):
print("Wake Up!")
playsound('audio.mp3') ## download the alarm sound from link
break
? 有聲讀物
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，用于將Pdf文件轉(zhuǎn)換為有聲讀物。
提示：借助pyttsx3庫將文本轉(zhuǎn)換為語音。
安裝：pyttsx3，PyPDF2
? 天氣應(yīng)用
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，接收城市名稱并使用爬蟲獲取該城市的天氣信息。
提示：你可以使用Beautifulsoup和requests庫直接從谷歌主頁爬取數(shù)據(jù)。
安裝：requests，BeautifulSoup
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
def weather(city):
city=city.replace(" ","+")
res = requests.get(f'https://www.google.com/search?q={city}&oq={city}&aqs=chrome.0.35i39l2j0l4j46j69i60.6128j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8',headers=headers)
print("Searching in google......\n")
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
location = soup.select('#wob_loc')[0].getText().strip()
time = soup.select('#wob_dts')[0].getText().strip()
info = soup.select('#wob_dc')[0].getText().strip()
weather = soup.select('#wob_tm')[0].getText().strip()
print(location)
print(time)
print(info)
print(weather+"°C")
print("enter the city name")
city=input()
city=city+" weather"
weather(city)
? 人臉檢測
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，可以檢測圖像中的人臉，并將所有的人臉保存在一個文件夾中。
提示：可以使用haar級聯(lián)分類器對人臉進(jìn)行檢測。它返回的人臉坐標(biāo)信息，可以保存在一個文件中。
安裝：OpenCV。
下載：haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/master/data/haarcascades/haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml
import cv2
# Load the cascade
face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
# Read the input image
img = cv2.imread('images/img0.jpg')
# Convert into grayscale
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# Detect faces
faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 4)
# Draw rectangle around the faces
for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
crop_face = img[y:y + h, x:x + w]
cv2.imwrite(str(w) + str(h) + '_faces.jpg', crop_face)
# Display the output
cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.imshow("imgcropped",crop_face)
cv2.waitKey()
? 提醒應(yīng)用
目的：創(chuàng)建一個提醒應(yīng)用程序，在特定的時間提醒你做一些事情(桌面通知)。
提示：Time模塊可以用來跟蹤提醒時間，toastnotifier庫可以用來顯示桌面通知。
安裝：win10toast
from win10toast import ToastNotifier
import time
toaster = ToastNotifier()
try:
print("Title of reminder")
header = input()
print("Message of reminder")
text = input()
print("In how many minutes?")
time_min = input()
time_min=float(time_min)
except:
header = input("Title of reminder\n")
text = input("Message of remindar\n")
time_min=float(input("In how many minutes?\n"))
time_min = time_min * 60
print("Setting up reminder..")
time.sleep(2)
print("all set!")
time.sleep(time_min)
toaster.show_toast(f"{header}",
f"{text}",
duration=10,
threaded=True)
while toaster.notification_active(): time.sleep(0.005)
? 維基百科文章摘要
目的：使用一種簡單的方法從用戶提供的文章鏈接中生成摘要。
提示：你可以使用爬蟲獲取文章數(shù)據(jù)，通過提取生成摘要。
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import requests
import heapq
from nltk.tokenize import sent_tokenize,word_tokenize
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
url = str(input("Paste the url"\n"))
num = int(input("Enter the Number of Sentence you want in the summary"))
num = int(num)
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
#url = str(input("Paste the url......."))
res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
summary = ""
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
content = soup.findAll("p")
for text in content:
summary +=text.text
def clean(text):
text = re.sub(r"\[[0-9]*\]"," ",text)
text = text.lower()
text = re.sub(r'\s+'," ",text)
text = re.sub(r","," ",text)
return text
summary = clean(summary)
print("Getting the data......\n")
##Tokenixing
sent_tokens = sent_tokenize(summary)
summary = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-z]"," ",summary)
word_tokens = word_tokenize(summary)
## Removing Stop words
word_frequency = {}
stopwords = set(stopwords.words("english"))
for word in word_tokens:
if word not in stopwords:
if word not in word_frequency.keys():
word_frequency[word]=1
else:
word_frequency[word] +=1
maximum_frequency = max(word_frequency.values())
print(maximum_frequency)
for word in word_frequency.keys():
word_frequency[word] = (word_frequency[word]/maximum_frequency)
print(word_frequency)
sentences_score = {}
for sentence in sent_tokens:
for word in word_tokenize(sentence):
if word in word_frequency.keys():
if (len(sentence.split(" "))) <30:
if sentence not in sentences_score.keys():
sentences_score[sentence] = word_frequency[word]
else:
sentences_score[sentence] += word_frequency[word]
print(max(sentences_score.values()))
def get_key(val):
for key, value in sentences_score.items():
if val == value:
return key
key = get_key(max(sentences_score.values()))
print(key+"\n")
print(sentences_score)
summary = heapq.nlargest(num,sentences_score,key=sentences_score.get)
print(" ".join(summary))
summary = " ".join(summary)
? 獲取谷歌搜索結(jié)果
目的：創(chuàng)建一個腳本，可以根據(jù)查詢條件從谷歌搜索獲取數(shù)據(jù)。
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
def google(query):
query = query.replace(" ","+")
try:
url = f'https://www.google.com/search?q={query}&oq={query}&aqs=chrome..69i57j46j69i59j35i39j0j46j0l2.4948j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8'
res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
except:
print("Make sure you have a internet connection")
try:
try:
ans = soup.select('.RqBzHd')[0].getText().strip()
except:
try:
title=soup.select('.AZCkJd')[0].getText().strip()
try:
ans=soup.select('.e24Kjd')[0].getText().strip()
except:
ans=""
ans=f'{title}\n{ans}'
except:
try:
ans=soup.select('.hgKElc')[0].getText().strip()
except:
ans=soup.select('.kno-rdesc span')[0].getText().strip()
except:
ans = "can't find on google"
return ans
result = google(str(input("Query\n")))
print(result)
獲取結(jié)果如下。
? 貨幣換算器
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，可以將一種貨幣轉(zhuǎn)換為其他用戶選擇的貨幣。
提示：使用Python中的API，或者通過forex-python模塊來獲取實時的貨幣匯率。
安裝：forex-python
? 鍵盤記錄器
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，將用戶按下的所有鍵保存在一個文本文件中。
提示：pynput是Python中的一個庫，用于控制鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)的移動，它也可以用于制作鍵盤記錄器。簡單地讀取用戶按下的鍵，并在一定數(shù)量的鍵后將它們保存在一個文本文件中。
from pynput.keyboard import Key, Controller,Listener
import time
keyboard = Controller()
keys=[]
def on_press(key):
global keys
#keys.append(str(key).replace("'",""))
string = str(key).replace("'","")
keys.append(string)
main_string = "".join(keys)
print(main_string)
if len(main_string)>15:
with open('keys.txt', 'a') as f:
f.write(main_string)
keys= []
def on_release(key):
if key == Key.esc:
return False
with listener(on_press=on_press,on_release=on_release) as listener:
listener.join()
? 文章朗讀器
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，自動從提供的鏈接讀取文章。
import pyttsx3
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = str(input("Paste article url\n"))
def content(url):
res = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
articles = []
for i in range(len(soup.select('.p'))):
article = soup.select('.p')[i].getText().strip()
articles.append(article)
contents = " ".join(articles)
return contents
engine = pyttsx3.init('sapi5')
voices = engine.getProperty('voices')
engine.setProperty('voice', voices[0].id)
def speak(audio):
engine.say(audio)
engine.runAndWait()
contents = content(url)
## print(contents) ## In case you want to see the content
#engine.save_to_file
#engine.runAndWait() ## In case if you want to save the article as a audio file
? 短網(wǎng)址生成器
目的：編寫一個Python腳本，使用API縮短給定的URL。
from __future__ import with_statement
import contextlib
try:
from urllib.parse import urlencode
except ImportError:
from urllib import urlencode
try:
from urllib.request import urlopen
except ImportError:
from urllib2 import urlopen
import sys
def make_tiny(url):
request_url = ('http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?' +
urlencode({'url':url}))
with contextlib.closing(urlopen(request_url)) as response:
return response.read().decode('utf-8')
def main():
for tinyurl in map(make_tiny, sys.argv[1:]):
print(tinyurl)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
-----------------------------OUTPUT------------------------
python url_shortener.py https://www.wikipedia.org/
https://tinyurl.com/buf3qt3
以上就是今天分享的內(nèi)容，針對上面這些項目，有的可以適當(dāng)調(diào)整。
比如自動發(fā)送郵件，可以選擇使用自己的QQ郵箱。
天氣信息也可使用國內(nèi)一些免費的API，維基百科可以對應(yīng)百度百科，谷歌搜索可以對應(yīng)百度搜索等等。
這些都是大伙可以思考的～
萬水千山總是情，點個 ?? 行不行。
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