中國大陸哪個省的人最長壽？Python動態(tài)圖幫你盤點！
開場段子 ??
俗話說，人到中年不得已，保溫杯里泡枸杞。健康長壽是大家非常關(guān)注的人生重要目標。
《2016 年世界衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計》顯示：中國人的預(yù)期壽命為 76.1 歲。處于世界中等水平。世界上預(yù)期壽命最長的國家是日本，高達83.7歲。
那么，中國國內(nèi)哪個省份的人口預(yù)期壽命最高呢？我們用Python動態(tài)圖來盤點一下。
先上圖片
再上視頻
最后上代碼
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import geopandas as gpd
import shapely
from shapely import geometry as geo
from shapely import wkt
import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import imageio
import os
from PIL import Image
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'sans-serif'
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.rcParams['animation.writer'] = 'html'
plt.rcParams['animation.embed_limit'] = 100
def html_to_gif(html_file, gif_file, duration=0.1):
path = html_file.replace(".html","_frames")
images = [os.path.join(path,x) for x in sorted(os.listdir(path))]
frames = [imageio.imread(x) for x in images]
imageio.mimsave(gif_file, frames, 'gif', duration=duration)
return gif_file
cmap = [
'#2E91E5',
'#1CA71C',
'#DA16FF',
'#B68100',
'#EB663B',
'#00A08B',
'#FC0080',
'#6C7C32',
'#862A16',
'#620042',
'#DA60CA',
'#0D2A63']*100
def getCoords(geom):
if isinstance(geom,geo.MultiPolygon):
return [np.array(g.exterior) for g in geom.geoms]
elif isinstance(geom,geo.Polygon):
return [np.array(geom.exterior)]
elif isinstance(geom,geo.LineString):
return [np.array(geom)]
elif isinstance(geom,geo.MultiLineString):
return [np.array(x) for x in list(geom.geoms)]
else:
raise Exception("geom must be one of [polygon,MultiPolygon,LineString,MultiLineString]!")
#底圖數(shù)據(jù)
dfprovince = gpd.read_file("./data/dfprovince.geojson").set_crs("epsg:4326").to_crs("epsg:2343")
dfnanhai = gpd.read_file("./data/dfnanhai.geojson").set_crs("epsg:4326").to_crs("epsg:2343")
dfline9 = dfnanhai[(dfnanhai["LENGTH"]>1.0)&(dfnanhai["LENGTH"]<2.0)]
#多邊形數(shù)據(jù)
dfpolygons = pd.read_csv("./data/macro_data_china.csv")[["省份","預(yù)期壽命"]]
dfgeoms = dfprovince[["name","geometry"]].rename({"name":"省份"},axis = 1)
df = dfpolygons.merge(dfgeoms)
df["省份"] = [x if "自治區(qū)" not in x else x[0:2] for x in df["省份"]]
df = df.sort_values("預(yù)期壽命").set_index("省份")
def polygon_map_dance(df,title = "中國大陸各省市人口預(yù)期壽命",
filename = None,
figsize = (8,6),dpi = 144,
duration = 0.5,
anotate_points = ["北京市","上海市","江西省","湖北省","青海省","黑龍江省","廣東省"]):
fig, ax_base =plt.subplots(figsize=figsize,dpi=dpi)
ax_child=fig.add_axes([0.800,0.125,0.10,0.20])
def plot_frame(i):
ax_base.clear()
ax_child.clear()
#============================================================
#繪制底圖
#============================================================
#繪制省邊界
polygons = [getCoords(x) for x in dfprovince["geometry"]]
for j,coords in enumerate(polygons):
for x in coords:
poly = plt.Polygon(x, fill=True, ec = "gray", fc = "white",alpha=0.5,linewidth=.8)
poly_child = plt.Polygon(x, fill=True, ec = "gray", fc = "white",alpha=0.5,linewidth=.8)
ax_base.add_patch(poly)
ax_child.add_patch(poly_child )
#繪制九段線
coords = [getCoords(x) for x in dfline9["geometry"]]
lines = [y for x in coords for y in x ]
for ln in lines:
x, y = np.transpose(ln)
line = plt.Line2D(x,y,color="gray",linestyle="-.",linewidth=1.5)
line_child = plt.Line2D(x,y,color="gray",linestyle="-.",linewidth=1.5)
ax_base.add_artist(line)
ax_child.add_artist(line_child)
#設(shè)置spine格式
for spine in['top','left',"bottom","right"]:
ax_base.spines[spine].set_color("none")
ax_child.spines[spine].set_alpha(0.5)
ax_base.axis("off")
#設(shè)置繪圖范圍
bounds = dfprovince.total_bounds
ax_base.set_xlim(bounds[0]-(bounds[2]-bounds[0])/10, bounds[2]+(bounds[2]-bounds[0])/10)
ax_base.set_ylim(bounds[1]+(bounds[3]-bounds[1])/3.5, bounds[3]+(bounds[3]-bounds[1])/100)
ax_child.set_xlim(bounds[2]-(bounds[2]-bounds[0])/2.5, bounds[2]-(bounds[2]-bounds[0])/20)
ax_child.set_ylim(bounds[1]-(bounds[3]-bounds[1])/20, bounds[1]+(bounds[3]-bounds[1])/2)
#移除坐標軸刻度
ax_child.set_xticks([]);
ax_child.set_yticks([]);
#============================================================
#繪制散點
#============================================================
k = i//3+1
m = i%3
text = "NO."+str(len(df)+1-k)
dfdata = df.iloc[:k,:].copy()
dftmp = df.iloc[:k-1,:].copy()
# 繪制散點圖像
if len(dftmp)>0:
polygons = [getCoords(x) for x in dftmp["geometry"]]
for j,coords in enumerate(polygons):
for x in coords:
poly = plt.Polygon(x, fill=True, ec = "gray", fc = cmap[j],alpha=0.5,linewidth=.8)
poly_child = plt.Polygon(x, fill=True, ec = "gray", fc = cmap[j],alpha=0.5,linewidth=.8)
ax_base.add_patch(poly)
ax_child.add_patch(poly_child)
# 添加注釋文字
for j,p in enumerate(dftmp.index):
poly = dftmp.iloc[j]["geometry"]
pt = poly.representative_point()
if p in anotate_points:
ax_base.annotate(p,xy = (pt.x,pt.y), xycoords = "data", xytext = (-15,10),
fontsize = 10,fontweight = "bold", color = cmap[j], textcoords = "offset points")
# 添加標題和排名序號
ax_base.text(0.5, 0.95, title, va="center", ha="center",
size = 12,transform = ax_base.transAxes)
ax_base.text(0.13, 0.9, text, va="center", ha="center",
alpha=0.5, size = 30,transform = ax_base.transAxes)
# 添加注意力動畫
if m==0:
poly = dfdata.iloc[-1]["geometry"]
pt = poly.representative_point()
px,py,pz = pt.x,pt.y,dfdata.iloc[-1]["預(yù)期壽命"]
p = dfdata.index[-1]+":"+str(pz)
fact = 1.5
geom = shapely.affinity.scale(poly, xfact= fact, yfact= fact)
coords = getCoords(geom)
for x in coords:
poly = plt.Polygon(x, fill=True, ec = "gray",
fc = cmap[k-1],alpha=0.5,linewidth=.8,zorder = 4)
ax_base.add_patch(poly)
ax_base.annotate(p,xy = (px,py), xycoords = "data",
xytext = (-15,10),fontsize = 20,fontweight = "bold",
color = "black", textcoords = "offset points",zorder = 5)
if m==1:
poly = dfdata.iloc[-1]["geometry"]
pt = poly.representative_point()
px,py,pz = pt.x,pt.y,dfdata.iloc[-1]["預(yù)期壽命"]
p = dfdata.index[-1]+":"+str(pz)
fact = 1.25
geom = shapely.affinity.scale(poly, xfact= fact, yfact= fact)
coords = getCoords(geom)
for x in coords:
poly = plt.Polygon(x, fill=True, ec = "gray",
fc = cmap[k-1],alpha=0.5,linewidth=.8,zorder = 4)
ax_base.add_patch(poly)
ax_base.annotate(p,xy = (px,py), xycoords = "data",
xytext = (-15,10),fontsize = 15,fontweight = "bold",
color = "black", textcoords = "offset points",zorder = 5)
if m==2:
poly = dfdata.iloc[-1]["geometry"]
pt = poly.representative_point()
px,py,pz = pt.x,pt.y,dfdata.iloc[-1]["預(yù)期壽命"]
p = dfdata.index[-1]+":"+str(pz)
fact = 1.0
geom = shapely.affinity.scale(poly, xfact= fact, yfact= fact)
coords = getCoords(geom)
for x in coords:
poly = plt.Polygon(x, fill=True, ec = "gray",
fc = cmap[k-1],alpha=0.5,linewidth=.8,zorder = 4)
ax_base.add_patch(poly)
ax_base.annotate(p,xy = (px,py), xycoords = "data",
xytext = (-15,10),fontsize = 10,fontweight = "bold",
color = "black", textcoords = "offset points",zorder = 5)
my_animation = animation.FuncAnimation(fig,plot_frame,frames = range(0,3*len(df)),interval = int(duration*1000))
if filename is None:
try:
from IPython.display import HTML
HTML(my_animation.to_jshtml())
return HTML(my_animation.to_jshtml())
except ImportError:
pass
else:
my_animation.save(filename)
return filename
html_file = "中國大陸各省市人口預(yù)期壽命.html"
polygon_map_dance(df,filename = html_file)
gif_file = html_file.replace(".html",".gif")
html_to_gif(html_file,gif_file,duration=0.8)
收工。??
萬水千山總是情，點個在看行不行？
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