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優(yōu)質(zhì)文章，第一時(shí)間送達(dá)

Jwt全稱是：json web token。它將用戶信息加密到token里，服務(wù)器不保存任何用戶信息。服務(wù)器通過(guò)使用保存的密鑰驗(yàn)證token的正確性，只要正確即通過(guò)驗(yàn)證。

優(yōu)點(diǎn)

簡(jiǎn)潔: 可以通過(guò)URL、POST參數(shù)或者在HTTP header發(fā)送，因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)量小，傳輸速度也很快；
自包含：負(fù)載中可以包含用戶所需要的信息，避免了多次查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)；
因?yàn)?/span>Token是以JSON加密的形式保存在客戶端的，所以JWT是跨語(yǔ)言的，原則上任何web形式都支持；
不需要在服務(wù)端保存會(huì)話信息，特別適用于分布式微服務(wù)。

缺點(diǎn)

無(wú)法作廢已頒布的令牌；
不易應(yīng)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)過(guò)期。

一、Jwt消息構(gòu)成

1.1 組成

一個(gè)token分3部分，按順序?yàn)?/span>

頭部（header)
載荷（payload)
簽證（signature)

三部分之間用.號(hào)做分隔。例如：

eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJhdWQiOiIxYzdiY2IzMS02ODFlLTRlZGYtYmU3Yy0wOTlkODAzM2VkY2UiLCJleHAiOjE1Njk3Mjc4OTF9.wweMzyB3tSQK34Jmez36MmC5xpUh15Ni3vOV_SGCzJ8

1.2 header

Jwt的頭部承載兩部分信息：

聲明類型，這里是Jwt
聲明加密的算法通常直接使用?HMAC SHA256

Jwt里驗(yàn)證和簽名使用的算法列表如下：

JWS	算法名稱
HS256	HMAC256
HS384	HMAC384
HS512	HMAC512
RS256	RSA256
RS384	RSA384
RS512	RSA512
ES256	ECDSA256
ES384	ECDSA384
ES512	ECDSA512

1.3 playload

載荷就是存放有效信息的地方。基本上填2種類型數(shù)據(jù)

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中注冊(cè)的聲明的數(shù)據(jù)；
自定義數(shù)據(jù)。

由這2部分內(nèi)部做base64加密。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中注冊(cè)的聲明 (建議但不強(qiáng)制使用)

iss:?jwt簽發(fā)者
sub:?jwt所面向的用戶
aud:?接收jwt的一方
exp:?jwt的過(guò)期時(shí)間，這個(gè)過(guò)期時(shí)間必須要大于簽發(fā)時(shí)間
nbf:?定義在什么時(shí)間之前，該jwt都是不可用的.
iat:?jwt的簽發(fā)時(shí)間
jti: jwt的唯一身份標(biāo)識(shí)，主要用來(lái)作為一次性token,從而回避重放攻擊。

自定義數(shù)據(jù):存放我們想放在token中存放的key-value值

1.4 signature

Jwt的第三部分是一個(gè)簽證信息，這個(gè)簽證信息由三部分組成
base64加密后的header和base64加密后的payload連接組成的字符串，然后通過(guò)header中聲明的加密方式進(jìn)行加鹽secret組合加密，然后就構(gòu)成了Jwt的第三部分。

二、Spring Boot和Jwt集成示例

2.1、項(xiàng)目依賴 pom.xml

??
???com.auth0
???java-jwt
???3.10.3
??

2.2、自定義注解

//需要登錄才能進(jìn)行操作的注解LoginToken?
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,?ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public?@interface?LoginToken?{
????boolean?required()?default?true;
}

//用來(lái)跳過(guò)驗(yàn)證的PassToken
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,?ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public?@interface?PassToken?{
????boolean?required()?default?true;
}

2.3、用戶實(shí)體類、及查詢service

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public?class?User?{
????private?String?userID;
????private?String?userName;
????private?String?passWord;
}

package?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.service;
?
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.entity.User;
import?org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
?
/**
?*?@title:?UserService
?*?@Author?gjt
?*?@Date:?2020-12-21
?*?@Description：
?*/
@Service
public?class?UserService?{
?
????public?User?getUser(String?userid,?String?password){
????????if?("admin".equals(userid)?&&?"admin".equals(password)){
????????????User?user=new?User();
????????????user.setUserID("admin");
????????????user.setUserName("admin");
????????????user.setPassWord("admin");
????????????return?user;
????????}
????????else{
????????????return?null;
????????}
????}
?
????public?User?getUser(String?userid){
????????if?("admin".equals(userid)){
????????????User?user=new?User();
????????????user.setUserID("admin");
????????????user.setUserName("admin");
????????????user.setPassWord("admin");
????????????return?user;
????????}
????????else{
????????????return?null;
????????}
????}
}

2.4、Token生成

package?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.service;
?
import?com.auth0.jwt.JWT;
import?com.auth0.jwt.algorithms.Algorithm;
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.entity.User;
import?org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
?
import?java.util.Date;
?
/**
?*?@title:?TokenService
?*?@Author?gjt
?*?@Date:?2020-12-21
?*?@Description：
?*/
@Service
public?class?TokenService?{
????/**
?????*?過(guò)期時(shí)間5分鐘
?????*/
????private?static?final?long?EXPIRE_TIME?=?5?*?60?*?1000;
?
????public?String?getToken(User?user)?{
????????Date?date?=?new?Date(System.currentTimeMillis()?+?EXPIRE_TIME);
????????String?token="";
????????token=?JWT.create().withAudience(user.getUserID())?//?將?user?id?保存到?token?里面
????????????.withExpiresAt(date)?//五分鐘后token過(guò)期
????????????.sign(Algorithm.HMAC256(user.getPassWord()));?//?以?password?作為?token?的密鑰
????????return?token;
????}
}

2.5、攔截器攔截token

package?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.interceptor;
?
import?com.auth0.jwt.JWT;
import?com.auth0.jwt.JWTVerifier;
import?com.auth0.jwt.algorithms.Algorithm;
import?com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTDecodeException;
import?com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTVerificationException;
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.annotation.LoginToken;
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.annotation.PassToken;
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.entity.User;
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.service.UserService;
import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import?org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import?org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import?org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
?
import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import?java.lang.reflect.Method;
?
/**
?*?@title:?JwtInterceptor
?*?@Author?gjt
?*?@Date:?2020-12-21
?*?@Description：
?*/
public?class?JwtInterceptor?implements?HandlerInterceptor{
?
????@Autowired
????private?UserService?userService;
?
????@Override
????public?boolean?preHandle(HttpServletRequest?httpServletRequest,?HttpServletResponse?httpServletResponse,?Object?object)?throws?Exception?{
????????String?token?=?httpServletRequest.getHeader("token");//?從?http?請(qǐng)求頭中取出?token
????????//?如果不是映射到方法直接通過(guò)
????????if(!(object?instanceof?HandlerMethod)){
????????????return?true;
????????}
????????HandlerMethod?handlerMethod=(HandlerMethod)object;
????????Method?method=handlerMethod.getMethod();
????????//檢查是否有passtoken注釋，有則跳過(guò)認(rèn)證
????????if?(method.isAnnotationPresent(PassToken.class))?{
????????????PassToken?passToken?=?method.getAnnotation(PassToken.class);
????????????if?(passToken.required())?{
????????????????return?true;
????????????}
????????}
????????//檢查有沒(méi)有需要用戶權(quán)限的注解
????????if?(method.isAnnotationPresent(LoginToken.class))?{
????????????LoginToken?loginToken?=?method.getAnnotation(LoginToken.class);
????????????if?(loginToken.required())?{
????????????????//?執(zhí)行認(rèn)證
????????????????if?(token?==?null)?{
????????????????????throw?new?RuntimeException("無(wú)token，請(qǐng)重新登錄");
????????????????}
????????????????//?獲取?token?中的?user?id
????????????????String?userId;
????????????????try?{
????????????????????userId?=?JWT.decode(token).getAudience().get(0);
????????????????}?catch?(JWTDecodeException?j)?{
????????????????????throw?new?RuntimeException("401");
????????????????}
????????????????User?user?=?userService.getUser(userId);
????????????????if?(user?==?null)?{
????????????????????throw?new?RuntimeException("用戶不存在，請(qǐng)重新登錄");
????????????????}
????????????????//?驗(yàn)證?token
????????????????JWTVerifier?jwtVerifier?=?JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(user.getPassWord())).build();
????????????????try?{
????????????????????jwtVerifier.verify(token);
????????????????}?catch?(JWTVerificationException?e)?{
????????????????????throw?new?RuntimeException("401");
????????????????}
????????????????return?true;
????????????}
????????}
????????return?true;
????}
?
????@Override
????public?void?postHandle(HttpServletRequest?httpServletRequest,?HttpServletResponse?httpServletResponse,?Object?o,?ModelAndView?modelAndView)?throws?Exception?{
?
????}
????@Override
????public?void?afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest?httpServletRequest,?HttpServletResponse?httpServletResponse,?Object?o,?Exception?e)?throws?Exception?{
?
????}
}

2.6、注冊(cè)攔截器

package?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.config;
?
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.interceptor.JwtInterceptor;
import?org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import?org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import?org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import?org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
?
/**
?*?@title:?InterceptorConfig
?*?@Author?gjt
?*?@Date:?2020-12-21
?*?@Description：
?*/
@Configuration
public?class?InterceptorConfig?implements?WebMvcConfigurer{
????@Override
????public?void?addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry?registry)?{
????????registry.addInterceptor(jwtInterceptor())
????????????.addPathPatterns("/**");????//?攔截所有請(qǐng)求，通過(guò)判斷是否有?@LoginRequired?注解?決定是否需要登錄
?
????????//注冊(cè)TestInterceptor攔截器
//????????InterceptorRegistration?registration?=?registry.addInterceptor(jwtInterceptor());
//????????registration.addPathPatterns("/**");??????????????????????//添加攔截路徑
//????????registration.excludePathPatterns(?????????????????????????//添加不攔截路徑
//????????????"/**/*.html",????????????//html靜態(tài)資源
//????????????"/**/*.js",??????????????//js靜態(tài)資源
//????????????"/**/*.css",?????????????//css靜態(tài)資源
//????????????"/**/*.woff",
//????????????"/**/*.ttf",
//????????????"/swagger-ui.html"
//????????);
????}
????@Bean
????public?JwtInterceptor?jwtInterceptor()?{
????????return?new?JwtInterceptor();
????}
}

?2.7、登錄Controller

package?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.controller;
?
import?com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.annotation.LoginToken;
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.entity.User;
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.service.TokenService;
import?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.service.UserService;
import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
?
/**
?*?@title:?Login
?*?@Author?gjt
?*?@Date:?2020-12-22
?*?@Description：
?*/
@RestController
public?class?Login?{
?
????@Autowired
????private?UserService?userService;
????@Autowired
????private?TokenService?tokenService;
?
????@PostMapping("login")
????public?Object?login(String?username,?String?password){
????????JSONObject?jsonObject=new?JSONObject();
????????User?user=userService.getUser(username,?password);
????????if(user==null){
????????????jsonObject.put("message","登錄失敗！");
????????????return?jsonObject;
????????}else?{
????????????String?token?=?tokenService.getToken(user);
????????????jsonObject.put("token",?token);
????????????jsonObject.put("user",?user);
????????????return?jsonObject;
????????}
????}
?
????@LoginToken
????@PostMapping("/getMessage")
????public?String?getMessage(){
????????return?"你已通過(guò)驗(yàn)證";
????}
}

2.8、配置全局異常捕獲

package?com.sky.springbootdemo.jwt.controller;
?
import?com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
?
/**
?*?@title:?GlobalExceptionHandler
?*?@Author?gjt
?*?@Date:?2020-12-22
?*?@Description：
?*/
@RestControllerAdvice
public?class?GlobalExceptionHandler?{
????@ResponseBody
????@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
????public?Object?handleException(Exception?e)?{
????????String?msg?=?e.getMessage();
????????if?(msg?==?null?||?msg.equals(""))?{
????????????msg?=?"服務(wù)器出錯(cuò)";
????????}
????????JSONObject?jsonObject?=?new?JSONObject();
????????jsonObject.put("code",?1000);
????????jsonObject.put("message",?msg);
????????return?jsonObject;
????}
}

三、postman測(cè)試

`3.1、獲取tockem`

3.2、無(wú)tocken登錄

3.3、有tocken登錄

版權(quán)聲明：本文為博主原創(chuàng)文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版權(quán)協(xié)議，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)附上原文出處鏈接和本聲明。

本文鏈接：

https://blog.csdn.net/gjtao1130/article/details/111658060

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