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作者：何甜甜在嗎
https://juejin.im/post/6844904040644476941)

寫在前面

為什么會(huì)寫這篇文章，起因于和朋友的聊天

這又觸及到我的知識(shí)盲區(qū)了，首先來一波面向百度學(xué)習(xí)，直接根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字 httpclient 和 okhttp 的區(qū)別、性能比較進(jìn)行搜索，沒有找到想要的答案，于是就去 overstackflow 上看看是不是有人問過這個(gè)問題，果然不會(huì)讓你失望的

所以從使用、性能、超時(shí)配置方面進(jìn)行比較

使用

HttpClient 和 OkHttp 一般用于調(diào)用其它服務(wù)，一般服務(wù)暴露出來的接口都為 http，http 常用請(qǐng)求類型就為 GET、PUT、POST 和 DELETE，因此主要介紹這些請(qǐng)求類型的調(diào)用

HttpClient 使用介紹

使用 HttpClient 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求主要分為一下幾步驟：

創(chuàng)建 CloseableHttpClient 對(duì)象或 CloseableHttpAsyncClient 對(duì)象，前者同步，后者為異步
創(chuàng)建 Http 請(qǐng)求對(duì)象
調(diào)用 execute 方法執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求，如果是異步請(qǐng)求在執(zhí)行之前需調(diào)用 start 方法

創(chuàng)建連接：

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

該連接為同步連接

GET 請(qǐng)求：

@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {
    String api = "/api/files/1";
    String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
    CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

使用 HttpGet 表示該連接為 GET 請(qǐng)求，HttpClient 調(diào)用 execute 方法發(fā)送 GET 請(qǐng)求

PUT 請(qǐng)求：

@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {
    String api = "/api/user";
    String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
    HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
    UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build();
    httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
    httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
    CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut);
    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

POST 請(qǐng)求：

添加對(duì)象

@Test
public void testPost() throws IOException {
	String api = "/api/user";
	String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
	HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
	UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build();
	httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
	httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
	CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
	System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

該請(qǐng)求是一個(gè)創(chuàng)建對(duì)象的請(qǐng)求，需要傳入一個(gè) json 字符串

上傳文件

@Test
public void testUpload1() throws IOException {
	String api = "/api/files/1";
	String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
	HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
	File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學(xué)習(xí)/docker\_practice.pdf");
	FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);
	MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
	builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER\_COMPATIBLE);
	builder.addPart("file", fileBody);  //addPart上傳文件
	HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
	httpPost.setEntity(entity);
	CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
	System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

通過 addPart 上傳文件

DELETE 請(qǐng)求：

@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {
    String api = "/api/user/12";
    String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
    HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
    CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

請(qǐng)求的取消：

@Test
public void testCancel() throws IOException {
    String api = "/api/files/1";
    String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
    httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);  //設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間
    //測(cè)試連接的取消

    long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
    CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    while (true) {
        if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) {
          httpGet.abort();
          System.out.println("task canceled");
          break;
      }
    }

    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

調(diào)用 abort 方法取消請(qǐng)求執(zhí)行結(jié)果：

task canceled
cost 8098 msc
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket'

java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】

OkHttp 使用

使用 OkHttp 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求主要分為一下幾步驟：

創(chuàng)建 OkHttpClient 對(duì)象
創(chuàng)建 Request 對(duì)象
將 Request 對(duì)象封裝為 Call
通過 Call 來執(zhí)行同步或異步請(qǐng)求，調(diào)用 execute 方法同步執(zhí)行，調(diào)用 enqueue 方法異步執(zhí)行

創(chuàng)建連接：

private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

GET 請(qǐng)求：

@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {
    String api = "/api/files/1";
    String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .get()
            .build();
    final Call call = client.newCall(request);
    Response response = call.execute();
    System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

PUT 請(qǐng)求：

@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {
    String api = "/api/user";
    String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
    //請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
    UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build();
    RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),
    JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO));
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .put(requestBody)
            .build();
    final Call call = client.newCall(request);
    Response response = call.execute();
    System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

POST 請(qǐng)求：

添加對(duì)象

@Test
public void testPost() throws IOException {
	String api = "/api/user";
	String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
	//請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
	JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
	json.put("name", "hetiantian");
	RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),     String.valueOf(json));
	Request request = new Request.Builder()
			.url(url)
			.post(requestBody) //post請(qǐng)求
		   .build();
	final Call call = client.newCall(request);
	Response response = call.execute();
	System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

上傳文件

@Test
public void testUpload() throws IOException {
	String api = "/api/files/1";
	String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
	RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
			.setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
			.addFormDataPart("file", "docker\_practice.pdf",
					RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"),
							new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學(xué)習(xí)/docker\_practice.pdf")))
			.build();
	Request request = new Request.Builder()
			.url(url)
			.post(requestBody)  //默認(rèn)為GET請(qǐng)求，可以不寫
			.build();
	final Call call = client.newCall(request);
	Response response = call.execute();
	System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

通過 addFormDataPart 方法模擬表單方式上傳文件

DELETE 請(qǐng)求：

@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {
  String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
  //請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
          .url(url)
          .delete()
          .build();
  final Call call = client.newCall(request);
  Response response = call.execute();
  System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

請(qǐng)求的取消：

@Test
public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException {
    String api = "/api/files/1";
    String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .get()
            .build();
    final Call call = client.newCall(request);
    Response response = call.execute();
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    //測(cè)試連接的取消
    while (true) {
         //1分鐘獲取不到結(jié)果就取消請(qǐng)求
        if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) {
            call.cancel();
            System.out.println("task canceled");
            break;
        }
    }

    System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

調(diào)用 cancel 方法進(jìn)行取消測(cè)試結(jié)果：

task canceled
cost 9110 msc

java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】

小結(jié)

OkHttp 使用 build 模式創(chuàng)建對(duì)象來的更簡(jiǎn)潔一些，并且使用. post/.delete/.put/.get 方法表示請(qǐng)求類型，不需要像 HttpClient 創(chuàng)建 HttpGet、HttpPost 等這些方法來創(chuàng)建請(qǐng)求類型
依賴包上，如果 HttpClient 需要發(fā)送異步請(qǐng)求、實(shí)現(xiàn)文件上傳，需要額外的引入異步請(qǐng)求依賴

 <!---文件上傳-->
 <dependency>
	 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
	 <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
	 <version>4.5.3</version>
 </dependency>
 <!--異步請(qǐng)求-->
 <dependency>
	 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
	 <artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId>
	 <version>4.5.3</version>
 </dependency>

請(qǐng)求的取消，HttpClient 使用 abort 方法，OkHttp 使用 cancel 方法，都挺簡(jiǎn)單的，如果使用的是異步 client，則在拋出異常時(shí)調(diào)用取消請(qǐng)求的方法即可

超時(shí)設(shè)置

HttpClient 超時(shí)設(shè)置：
在 HttpClient4.3 + 版本以上，超時(shí)設(shè)置通過 RequestConfig 進(jìn)行設(shè)置

private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
private RequestConfig requestConfig =  RequestConfig.custom()
        .setSocketTimeout(60 \* 1000)
        .setConnectTimeout(60 \* 1000).build();
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE\_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);  //設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間

超時(shí)時(shí)間是設(shè)置在請(qǐng)求類型 HttpGet 上，而不是 HttpClient 上

OkHttp 超時(shí)設(shè)置：
直接在 OkHttp 上進(jìn)行設(shè)置

private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間
        .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設(shè)置讀取超時(shí)時(shí)間
        .build();

小結(jié)：
如果 client 是單例模式，HttpClient 在設(shè)置超時(shí)方面來的更靈活，針對(duì)不同請(qǐng)求類型設(shè)置不同的超時(shí)時(shí)間，OkHttp 一旦設(shè)置了超時(shí)時(shí)間，所有請(qǐng)求類型的超時(shí)時(shí)間也就確定

HttpClient 和 OkHttp 性能比較

測(cè)試環(huán)境：

CPU 六核
內(nèi)存 8G
windows10

每種測(cè)試用例都測(cè)試五次，排除偶然性

client 連接為單例：

client 連接不為單例： 單例模式下，HttpClient 的響應(yīng)速度要更快一些，單位為毫秒，性能差異相差不大非單例模式下，OkHttp 的性能更好，HttpClient 創(chuàng)建連接比較耗時(shí)，因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)情況下這些資源都會(huì)寫成單例模式，因此圖一的測(cè)試結(jié)果更具有參考價(jià)值

總結(jié)

OkHttp 和 HttpClient 在性能和使用上不分伯仲，根據(jù)實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)選擇即可
最后附：示例代碼：https://github.com/TiantianUpup/http-call，歡迎 fork 與 star*
好久沒有對(duì)外輸出文章了

主要是寫的前兩篇沒有人看，受打擊了，急需網(wǎng)友的肯定【點(diǎn)贊呀】

（完）

HTTP客戶端連接，選擇HttpClient還是OkHttp？