EF Core 6 新功能匯總(三)
在這篇文章中,我將重點介紹 EF Core 6 中 LINQ 查詢功能的增強。
這是 EF Core 6 新功能匯總的第三篇文章:
EF Core 6 新功能匯總(三)
1對 GroupBy 查詢的更好支持
EF Core 6.0 對 GroupBy 查詢有更好的支持。
翻譯
GroupBy后面的FirstOrDefault在
GroupBy之后使用ThenBy支持從一個組中選擇前 N 個結(jié)果
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var query = context.People
.GroupBy(p => p.FirstName)
.Select(g => g.OrderBy(e => e.FirstName)
.ThenBy(e => e.LastName)
.FirstOrDefault())
.ToQueryString();
Console.WriteLine(query);
class?Person
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string FirstName { get; set; }
public?int LastName { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet People { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6GroupBy");
} 翻譯后的 SQL:
SELECT[t0].[Id], [t0].[FirstName], [t0].[LastName]
FROM (
SELECT[p].[FirstName]
FROM [People] AS [p]
GROUP?BY [p].[FirstName]
) AS[t]
LEFT?JOIN(
SELECT[t1].[Id], [t1].[FirstName], [t1].[LastName]
FROM (
SELECT[p0].[Id], [p0].[FirstName], [p0].[LastName],
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION?BY [p0].[FirstName]
ORDER?BY [p0].[FirstName], [p0].[LastName]) AS[row]
FROM[People] AS[p0]
) AS[t1]
WHERE[t1].[row] <=?1
) AS[t0] ON[t].[FirstName] = [t0].[FirstName]
2三四個參數(shù)的 String.Concat 翻譯
以前 EF Core 翻譯 string.Concat 時只有兩個參數(shù)。EF Core 6.0 支持翻譯三個和四個參數(shù)的 string.Concat。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
string fullName = "SamuelLanghorneClemens";
var query = context.Blogs
.Where(b => string.Concat(b.FirstName, b.MiddleName, b.LastName) == fullName)
.ToQueryString();
Console.WriteLine(query);
class?Blog
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string FirstName { get; set; }
public?string MiddleName { get; set; }
public?string LastName { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet Blogs { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6StringConcat");
} 翻譯后的 SQL:
DECLARE @__fullName_0 nvarchar(4000) = N'SamuelLanghorneClemens';
SELECT[b].[Id], [b].[FirstName], [b].[LastName], [b].[MiddleName]
FROM[Blogs] AS[b]
WHERE(COALESCE([b].[FirstName], N'') + (COALESCE([b].[MiddleName], N'') +COALESCE([b].[LastName], N ''))) = @__fullName_03EF.Functions.FreeText 支持二進制列
以前,盡管 SQL FreeText 函數(shù)支持二進制列,但你不能在二進制列上使用 EF.Functions.FreeText 方法。EF Core 6.0 解決了這個問題。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var query = context.Posts
.Where(p => EF.Functions.FreeText(EF.Property<string>(p, "Content"), "Searching text"))
.ToQueryString();
Console.WriteLine(query);
class?Post
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Title { get; set; }
public?byte[] Content { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet Posts { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity()
.Property(x => x.Content)
.HasColumnType("varbinary(max)");
}
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6FlexibleTextSearch");
} 翻譯后的 SQL:
SELECT "p"."Id", "p"."Name", "p"."PhoneNumber"
FROM "People" AS "p"
WHERE?CAST("p"."PhoneNumber" AS TEXT) LIKE?'%368%'4EF.Functions.Random
EF Core 6.0 引入了一個新的 EF.Functions.Random 方法。它映射了 SQL 函數(shù) RAND()。已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了對 SQL Server、SQLite 和 Cosmos 的翻譯。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var query = context.Posts
.Where(p => p.Rating == (int)(EF.Functions.Random() * 5.0) + 1)
.ToQueryString();
Console.WriteLine(query);
class?Post
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Title { get; set; }
public?int Rating { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet Posts { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6Random");
} 翻譯后的 SQL:
SELECT[p].[Id], [p].[Rating], [p].[Title]
FROM[Posts] AS[p]
WHERE[p].[Rating] = (CAST((RAND() *?5.0E0) AS?int) +?1)5改進了 SQL Server 的 IsNullOrWhitespace 的翻譯
以前,EF Core 將 string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace 翻譯成在判斷前將值進行 trim 操作。EF Core 6.0 已經(jīng)不這么做了。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var query = context.Entities
.Where(e => string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(e.Property))
.ToQueryString();
Console.WriteLine(query);
class?Entity
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Property { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet Entities { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6IsNullOrWhiteSpace");
} 以前翻譯的 SQL:
SELECT [e].[Id], [e].[Property]
FROM [Entities] AS[e]
WHERE [e].[Property] IS?NULL?OR (LTRIM(RTRIM([e].[Property])) = N'')現(xiàn)在翻譯的 SQL:
SELECT [e].[Id], [e].[Property]
FROM [Entities] AS[e]
WHERE [e].[Property] IS?NULL?OR ([e].[Property] = N'')6為內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)庫定義查詢
在 EF Core 6.0 中,你可以通過一個新的方法 ToInMemoryQuery 來定義一個針對內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)庫的查詢。這對于創(chuàng)建內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)庫的視圖是最有用的。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var blogEn = new Blog
{
Title = "All about .NET",
Language = "English",
Posts = new List
{
new Post { Title = "Post one", Content = "Some content" },
new Post { Title = "Post two", Content = "Some content" }
}
};
var blogPl = new Blog
{
Title = "Wszystko o .NET",
Language = "Polish",
Posts = new List
{
new Post { Title = "Pierwszy post", Content = "Tre??" }
}
};
context.Blogs.Add(blogEn);
context.Blogs.Add(blogPl);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
var postsByLanguages = context.PostsByLanguages.ToList();
postsByLanguages
.ForEach(p => Console.WriteLine($"{p.PostCount} posts in {p.Language}"));
// Output:
// 2 posts in English
// 1 posts in Polish
class?Post
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Title { get; set; }
public?string Content { get; set; }
}
class?Blog
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Title { get; set; }
public?string Language { get; set; }
public ICollection Posts { get; set; }
}
class?PostsByLanguage
{
public?string Language { get; set; }
public?int PostCount { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet Posts { get; set; }
public DbSet Blogs { get; set; }
public DbSet PostsByLanguages { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder
.Entity()
.HasNoKey()
.ToInMemoryQuery(
() => Blogs
.GroupBy(c => c.Language)
.Select(
g =>
new PostsByLanguage
{
Language = g.Key,
PostCount = g.Sum(b => b.Posts.Count)
}));
}
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseInMemoryDatabase("ToInMemoryQuery");
} 7單參數(shù)的 Substring 翻譯
以前,EF Core 只翻譯有兩個參數(shù)的 string.Substring 重載。EF Core 6.0 支持翻譯單個參數(shù)的 string.Substring。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
context.People.Add(new Person { Name = "John" });
context.People.Add(new Person { Name = "Bred" });
context.People.Add(new Person { Name = "Ron" });
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
var result = await context.People
.Select(a => new { Name = a.Name.Substring(1) })
.ToListAsync();
result.ForEach(p => Console.WriteLine(p.Name));
// Output:
// ohn
// red
// on
class?Person
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Name { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet People { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6Substring");
} 翻譯后的 SQL:
SELECT?SUBSTRING([p].[Name], 1?+?1, LEN([p].[Name])) AS [Name]
FROM [People] AS [p]8非導(dǎo)航集合的分割查詢
EF Core 支持將一個 LINQ 查詢拆分成多個 SQL 查詢。EF Core 6.0 可以分割一個 LINQ 查詢,其中非導(dǎo)航集合屬性包含在查詢投影中。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var blog = new Blog { Name = ".NET Blog"};
blog.Posts.Add(new Post { Title = "First .NET post" });
blog.Posts.Add(new Post { Title = "Second Java post" });
blog.Posts.Add(new Post { Title = "Third .NET post" });
context.Blogs.Add(blog);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
var blogsWithDotnetPosts = await context.Blogs
.Select(b => new
{
b,
Posts = b.Posts.Where(p => p.Title.Contains(".NET")),
})
.AsSplitQuery()
.ToListAsync();
class?Blog
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Name { get; set; }
public?ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; } = new List();
}
class?Post
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Title { get; set; }
public Blog Blog { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet Blogs { get; set; }
public DbSet Posts { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options
.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6SplitQueries");
} 單個 SQL 查詢(不用 AsSplitQuery):
SELECT [b].[Id], [b].[Name], [t].[BlogId], [t].[Title]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
LEFT?JOIN (
SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[BlogId], [p].[Title]
FROM [Posts] AS [p]
WHERE [p].[Title] LIKE N'%.NET%'
) AS [t] ON [b].[Id] = [t].[BlogId]
ORDER?BY [b].[Id]多個 SQL 查詢(使用了 AsSplitQuery):
SELECT [b].[Id], [b].[Name]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
ORDER?BY [b].[Id]
SELECT [t].[Id], [t].[BlogId], [t].[Title], [b].[Id]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
INNER?JOIN (
SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[BlogId], [p].[Title]
FROM [Posts] AS [p]
WHERE [p].[Title] LIKE N'%.NET%'
) AS [t] ON [b].[Id] = [t].[BlogId]
ORDER?BY [b].[Id]9刪除最后的 ORDER BY 子句
當(dāng)連接相關(guān)實體時,EF Core 添加了 ORDER BY 子句,以確保給定實體的所有相關(guān)實體被分組。然而,最后一個子句并不是必須的,而且會對性能產(chǎn)生影響。EF Core 6.0 刪除了它。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var query = context.Blogs
.Include(b => b.Posts.Where(p => p.Rating > 3))
.ToQueryString();
Console.WriteLine(query);
class?Blog
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Name { get; set; }
public ICollection Posts { get; set; }
}
class?Post
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Title { get; set; }
public?int Rating { get; set; }
public Blog Blog { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet Blogs { get; set; }
public DbSet Posts { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6RemoveLastOrderByClause");
} EF Core 5.0 翻譯的 SQL:
SELECT [b].[Id], [b].[Name], [t].[Id], [t].[BlogId], [t].[Rating], [t].[Title]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
LEFT?JOIN (
SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[BlogId], [p].[Rating], [p].[Title]
FROM [Posts] AS [p]
WHERE [p].[Rating] >?3
) AS [t] ON [b].[Id] = [t].[BlogId]
ORDER?BY [b].[Id], [t].[Id]EF Core 6.0 翻譯的 SQL:
SELECT [b].[Id], [b].[Name], [t].[Id], [t].[BlogId], [t].[Rating], [t].[Title]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
LEFT?JOIN (
SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[BlogId], [p].[Rating], [p].[Title]
FROM [Posts] AS [p]
WHERE [p].[Rating] >?3
) AS [t] ON [b].[Id] = [t].[BlogId]
ORDER?BY [b].[Id]10用文件名和行號標(biāo)記查詢
從 EF Core 2.2 開始,你可以給你的查詢添加一個標(biāo)簽,以達到更好的調(diào)試目的。EF Core 6.0 更進一步,現(xiàn)在你可以用 LINQ 代碼的文件名和行號來標(biāo)記查詢。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var query = context.Blogs
.TagWithCallSite()
.OrderBy(b => b.CreationDate)
.Take(10)
.ToQueryString();
Console.WriteLine(query);
class?Blog
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string Name { get; set; }
public DateTime CreationDate { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet Blogs { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6TagWithCallSite");
} 翻譯后的 SQL:
DECLARE @__p_0 int?=?10;
--File: D:\EFCore6\TagWithCallSite\TagWithCallSite\Program.cs:6
SELECT TOP(@__p_0) [b].[Id], [b].[CreationDate], [b].[Name]
FROM[Blogs] AS[b]
ORDER?BY[b].[CreationDate]11自有可選從屬關(guān)系處理
EF Core 6.0 改變了一些對自有可選從屬關(guān)系的處理。當(dāng)一個模型有自己的可選從屬關(guān)系時,EF Core 會在你保存它時警告你所有缺失的屬性。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var person = new Person
{
FirstName = "Oleg",
LastName = "Kyrylchuk",
Address = new Address()
};
context.People.Add(person);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
class?Person
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string FirstName { get; set; }
public?string LastName { get; set; }
public Address Address { get; set; }
}
class?Address
{
public?string City { get; set; }
public?string Street { get; set; }
public?string PostalCode { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet People { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder
.Entity()
.OwnsOne(p => p.Address);
}
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options
.EnableSensitiveDataLogging()
.LogTo(Console.WriteLine)
.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6OwnedDependentHandling");
} 警告日志:

當(dāng)你有嵌套自有可選從屬關(guān)系時,EF Core 將不允許創(chuàng)建模型。
using?var context = new ExampleContext();
var person = new Person
{
FirstName = "Oleg",
LastName = "Kyrylchuk",
ContactInfo = new ContactInfo()
};
context.People.Add(person);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
class?Person
{
public?int Id { get; set; }
public?string FirstName { get; set; }
public?string LastName { get; set; }
public ContactInfo ContactInfo { get; set; }
}
class?ContactInfo
{
public?string Phone { get; set; }
public Address Address { get; set; }
}
class?Address
{
public?string City { get; set; }
public?string Street { get; set; }
public?string PostalCode { get; set; }
}
class?ExampleContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet People { get; set; }
protected?override?void?OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder
.Entity()
.OwnsOne(p => p.ContactInfo)
.OwnsOne(p => p.Address);
}
protected?override?void?OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
=> options.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore6OwnedDependentHandling");
} 創(chuàng)建模型后將會拋出異常。
這些變化迫使你避免這種情況。你可以通過以下方式解決這些問題。
使從屬關(guān)系成為必需的。
在從屬關(guān)系中至少有一個必需屬性。
為可選的從屬關(guān)系創(chuàng)建自己的表,而不是與主體共享它們。
12結(jié)尾
本文所有代碼示例都可以在我的 GitHub 中找到:
https://github.com/okyrylchuk/dotnet6_features/tree/main/EF%20Core%206#linq-query-enhancements原文:bit.ly/32DqXnu
作者:Oleg Kyrylchuk
翻譯:精致碼農(nóng)
