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          用Python快速制作海報級地圖

          共 16374字,需瀏覽 33分鐘

           ·

          2021-09-03 22:04

          添加微信號"CNFeffery"加入技術(shù)交流群

          1 簡介

          基于Python中諸如matplotlib等功能豐富、自由度極高的繪圖庫,我們可以完成各種極富藝術(shù)感的可視化作品,關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)我在系列文章在模仿中精進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)可視化中已經(jīng)帶大家學(xué)習(xí)過很多案例了。

          而今天我要給大家介紹的這個Pythonprettymaps非常的有趣,基于它,我們只需要簡單的代碼就可以對地球上給定坐標(biāo)和范圍的任意地區(qū)進(jìn)行地圖可視化??。

          2 利用prettymaps快速制作海報級地圖

          遺憾的是,prettymaps暫時還不能通過pipconda直接進(jìn)行安裝,但可以利用pip配合git從源碼倉庫進(jìn)行安裝,對于國內(nèi)的用戶來說,可以使用下面的語句從github的鏡像地址快速安裝:

          pip install git+https://hub.fastgit.org/marceloprates/prettymaps.git

          安裝完成后,如果下面的語句執(zhí)行無誤,那么恭喜你已經(jīng)安裝完成:

          from prettymaps import *

          2.1 prettymaps的幾種使用方式

          prettymaps無需用戶自行準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù),會根據(jù)用戶設(shè)定的坐標(biāo)和范圍大小來自動從OpenStreetMap上獲取相應(yīng)范圍內(nèi)的矢量數(shù)據(jù)作為繪圖素材,主要有以下幾種使用方式:

          2.1.1 圓形模式

          prettymaps中最簡單的繪圖模式為「圓形模式」,我們只需要傳入中心點(diǎn)經(jīng)緯度坐標(biāo),以及半徑范圍(單位:米)即可,下面的例子來自官方示例程序,我將其地點(diǎn)換成以上海外灘為中心向外2500米范圍:

          from prettymaps import *
          from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

          # 創(chuàng)建圖床
          fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (1212), constrained_layout = True)

          layers = plot(
              (31.23346121.492154), # 圓心坐標(biāo),格式:(緯度, 經(jīng)度)
              radius = 2500# 半徑
              ax = ax, # 綁定圖床
              layers = {
                  'perimeter': {}, # 控制繪圖模式,{}即相當(dāng)于圓形繪圖模式
                  # 下面的參數(shù)用于定義從OsmStreetMap選擇獲取的矢量圖層要素,不了解的無需改動照搬即可
                  'streets': {
                      'custom_filter''["highway"~"motorway|trunk|primary|secondary|tertiary|residential|service|unclassified|pedestrian|footway"]',
                      'width': {
                          'motorway'5,
                          'trunk'5,
                          'primary'4.5,
                          'secondary'4,
                          'tertiary'3.5,
                          'residential'3,
                          'service'2,
                          'unclassified'2,
                          'pedestrian'2,
                          'footway'1,
                      }
                  },
                  'building': {'tags': {'building'True'landuse''construction'}, 'union'False},
                  'water': {'tags': {'natural': ['water''bay']}},
                  'green': {'tags': {'landuse''grass''natural': ['island''wood'], 'leisure''park'}},
                  'forest': {'tags': {'landuse''forest'}},
                  'parking': {'tags': {'amenity''parking''highway''pedestrian''man_made''pier'}}
              },
              # 下面的參數(shù)用于定義OpenStreetMap中不同矢量圖層的樣式,嫌麻煩的直接照抄下面的官方示例即可
              drawing_kwargs = {
                  'background': {'fc''#F2F4CB''ec''#dadbc1''hatch''ooo...''zorder'-1},
                  'perimeter': {'fc''#F2F4CB''ec''#dadbc1''lw'0'hatch''ooo...',  'zorder'0},
                  'green': {'fc''#D0F1BF''ec''#2F3737''lw'1'zorder'1},
                  'forest': {'fc''#64B96A''ec''#2F3737''lw'1'zorder'1},
                  'water': {'fc''#a1e3ff''ec''#2F3737''hatch''ooo...''hatch_c''#85c9e6''lw'1'zorder'2},
                  'parking': {'fc''#F2F4CB''ec''#2F3737''lw'1'zorder'3},
                  'streets': {'fc''#2F3737''ec''#475657''alpha'1'lw'0'zorder'3},
                  'building': {'palette': ['#FFC857''#E9724C''#C5283D'], 'ec''#2F3737''lw'.5'zorder'4},
              },

              osm_credit = {'color''#2F3737'}
          )

          # 導(dǎo)出圖片文件
          plt.savefig('上海外灘-圓形模式.png', dpi=500)

          2.1.2 圓角矩形模式

          除了上述的「圓形模式」之外,prettymaps中還可以使用「圓角矩形模式」,同樣需要定義中心點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)和半徑,接著為參數(shù)layers下的每個鍵值對添加鍵值對{'circle': False, 'dilate': 圓角半徑}即可,其中圓角半徑為數(shù)值型,這次我們換一個地方,以故宮為例,半徑選擇600米:

          # 創(chuàng)建圖床
          fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (1212), constrained_layout = True)

          dilate = 100

          layers = plot(
              (39.91645697864148116.39077532493388), # 圓心坐標(biāo),格式:(緯度, 經(jīng)度)
              radius = 600# 半徑
              ax = ax, # 綁定圖床
              layers = {
                  'perimeter': {'circle'False'dilate': dilate}, # 控制繪圖模式,{}即相當(dāng)于圓形繪圖模式
                  # 下面的參數(shù)用于定義從OsmStreetMap選擇獲取的矢量圖層要素,不了解的無需改動照搬即可
                  'streets': {
                      'custom_filter''["highway"~"motorway|trunk|primary|secondary|tertiary|residential|service|unclassified|pedestrian|footway"]',
                      'width': {
                          'motorway'5,
                          'trunk'5,
                          'primary'4.5,
                          'secondary'4,
                          'tertiary'3.5,
                          'residential'3,
                          'service'2,
                          'unclassified'2,
                          'pedestrian'2,
                          'footway'1,
                      },
                      'circle'False'dilate': dilate
                  },
                  'building': {'tags': {'building'True'landuse''construction'}, 'union'False'circle'False'dilate': dilate},
                  'water': {'tags': {'natural': ['water''bay']}, 'circle'False'dilate': dilate},
                  'green': {'tags': {'landuse''grass''natural': ['island''wood'], 'leisure''park'}, 'circle'False'dilate': dilate},
                  'forest': {'tags': {'landuse''forest'}, 'circle'False'dilate': dilate},
                  'parking': {'tags': {'amenity''parking''highway''pedestrian''man_made''pier'}, 'circle'False'dilate': dilate}
              },
              # 下面的參數(shù)用于定義OpenStreetMap中不同矢量圖層的樣式,嫌麻煩的直接照抄下面的官方示例即可
              drawing_kwargs = {
                  'background': {'fc''#F2F4CB''ec''#dadbc1''hatch''ooo...''zorder'-1},
                  'perimeter': {'fc''#F2F4CB''ec''#dadbc1''lw'0'hatch''ooo...',  'zorder'0},
                  'green': {'fc''#D0F1BF''ec''#2F3737''lw'1'zorder'1},
                  'forest': {'fc''#64B96A''ec''#2F3737''lw'1'zorder'1},
                  'water': {'fc''#a1e3ff''ec''#2F3737''hatch''ooo...''hatch_c''#85c9e6''lw'1'zorder'2},
                  'parking': {'fc''#F2F4CB''ec''#2F3737''lw'1'zorder'3},
                  'streets': {'fc''#2F3737''ec''#475657''alpha'1'lw'0'zorder'3},
                  'building': {'palette': ['#FFC857''#E9724C''#C5283D'], 'ec''#2F3737''lw'.5'zorder'4},
              },

              osm_credit = {'color''#2F3737'}
          )

          # 導(dǎo)出圖片文件
          plt.savefig('北京故宮-圓角矩形模式.png', dpi=500)

          2.1.3 添加文字內(nèi)容

          有了這樣美觀大方的藝術(shù)地圖,我們還可以基于matplotlib中自定義字體的方法,在地圖上添加標(biāo)注信息,仍然以上海外灘為例,我們利用外部的書法字體,在正中心繪制文字標(biāo)注信息:

          import matplotlib.font_manager as fm

          # 創(chuàng)建圖床
          fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (1212), constrained_layout = True)

          layers = plot(
              (31.23346121.492154), # 圓心坐標(biāo),格式:(緯度, 經(jīng)度)
              radius = 2500# 半徑
              ax = ax, # 綁定圖床
              layers = {
                  'perimeter': {}, # 控制繪圖模式,{}即相當(dāng)于圓形繪圖模式
                  # 下面的參數(shù)用于定義從OsmStreetMap選擇獲取的矢量圖層要素,不了解的無需改動照搬即可
                  'streets': {
                      'custom_filter''["highway"~"motorway|trunk|primary|secondary|tertiary|residential|service|unclassified|pedestrian|footway"]',
                      'width': {
                          'motorway'5,
                          'trunk'5,
                          'primary'4.5,
                          'secondary'4,
                          'tertiary'3.5,
                          'residential'3,
                          'service'2,
                          'unclassified'2,
                          'pedestrian'2,
                          'footway'1,
                      }
                  },
                  'building': {'tags': {'building'True'landuse''construction'}, 'union'False},
                  'water': {'tags': {'natural': ['water''bay']}},
                  'green': {'tags': {'landuse''grass''natural': ['island''wood'], 'leisure''park'}},
                  'forest': {'tags': {'landuse''forest'}},
                  'parking': {'tags': {'amenity''parking''highway''pedestrian''man_made''pier'}}
              },
              # 下面的參數(shù)用于定義OpenStreetMap中不同矢量圖層的樣式,嫌麻煩的直接照抄下面的官方示例即可
              drawing_kwargs = {
                  'background': {'fc''#F2F4CB''ec''#dadbc1''hatch''ooo...''zorder'-1},
                  'perimeter': {'fc''#F2F4CB''ec''#dadbc1''lw'0'hatch''ooo...',  'zorder'0},
                  'green': {'fc''#D0F1BF''ec''#2F3737''lw'1'zorder'1},
                  'forest': {'fc''#64B96A''ec''#2F3737''lw'1'zorder'1},
                  'water': {'fc''#a1e3ff''ec''#2F3737''hatch''ooo...''hatch_c''#85c9e6''lw'1'zorder'2},
                  'parking': {'fc''#F2F4CB''ec''#2F3737''lw'1'zorder'3},
                  'streets': {'fc''#2F3737''ec''#475657''alpha'1'lw'0'zorder'3},
                  'building': {'palette': ['#FFC857''#E9724C''#C5283D'], 'ec''#2F3737''lw'.5'zorder'4},
              },

              osm_credit = {'color''#2F373700'}
          )

          # 添加文字標(biāo)注
          ax.text(
              0.50.5,
              '外灘, 上海',
              zorder = 6,
              ha='center',
              va='center',
              fontsize=120,
              fontproperties = fm.FontProperties(fname='FZZJ-HLYHXSJW.TTF'),
              transform=ax.transAxes
          )

          # 導(dǎo)出圖片文件
          plt.savefig('上海外灘-添加文字標(biāo)注.png', dpi=500)

          你可以找到你關(guān)注地點(diǎn)的經(jīng)緯度坐標(biāo),盡情地繪制出各種藝術(shù)地圖作品,譬如下面這些地標(biāo):


          以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,歡迎在評論區(qū)與我進(jìn)行討論~

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