徒手?jǐn)]了一個(gè)RPC框架，理解更透徹了，代碼已上傳github，自取~
一、前言
前段時(shí)間看到一篇不錯(cuò)的文章《看了這篇你就會(huì)手寫RPC框架了》，于是便來了興趣對(duì)著實(shí)現(xiàn)了一遍，后面覺得還有很多優(yōu)化的地方便對(duì)其進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。
主要改動(dòng)點(diǎn)如下：
除了Java序列化協(xié)議，增加了protobuf和kryo序列化協(xié)議，配置即用。 增加多種負(fù)載均衡算法（隨機(jī)、輪詢、加權(quán)輪詢、平滑加權(quán)輪詢），配置即用。 客戶端增加本地服務(wù)列表緩存，提高性能。 修復(fù)高并發(fā)情況下，netty導(dǎo)致的內(nèi)存泄漏問題 由原來的每個(gè)請(qǐng)求建立一次連接，改為建立TCP長(zhǎng)連接，并多次復(fù)用。 服務(wù)端增加線程池提高消息處理能力
二、介紹
RPC，即 Remote Procedure Call（遠(yuǎn)程過程調(diào)用），調(diào)用遠(yuǎn)程計(jì)算機(jī)上的服務(wù)，就像調(diào)用本地服務(wù)一樣。RPC可以很好的解耦系統(tǒng)，如WebService就是一種基于Http協(xié)議的RPC。
調(diào)用示意圖
總的來說，就如下幾個(gè)步驟：
客戶端（ServerA）執(zhí)行遠(yuǎn)程方法時(shí)就調(diào)用client stub傳遞類名、方法名和參數(shù)等信息。 client stub會(huì)將參數(shù)等信息序列化為二進(jìn)制流的形式，然后通過Sockect發(fā)送給服務(wù)端（ServerB） 服務(wù)端收到數(shù)據(jù)包后，server stub 需要進(jìn)行解析反序列化為類名、方法名和參數(shù)等信息。 server stub調(diào)用對(duì)應(yīng)的本地方法，并把執(zhí)行結(jié)果返回給客戶端
所以一個(gè)RPC框架有如下角色：
服務(wù)消費(fèi)者
遠(yuǎn)程方法的調(diào)用方，即客戶端。一個(gè)服務(wù)既可以是消費(fèi)者也可以是提供者。
服務(wù)提供者
遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)的提供方，即服務(wù)端。一個(gè)服務(wù)既可以是消費(fèi)者也可以是提供者。
注冊(cè)中心
保存服務(wù)提供者的服務(wù)地址等信息，一般由zookeeper、redis等實(shí)現(xiàn)。
監(jiān)控運(yùn)維（可選）
監(jiān)控接口的響應(yīng)時(shí)間、統(tǒng)計(jì)請(qǐng)求數(shù)量等，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)問題并發(fā)出告警通知。
三、實(shí)現(xiàn)
本RPC框架rpc-spring-boot-starter涉及技術(shù)棧如下：
使用zookeeper作為注冊(cè)中心 使用netty作為通信框架 消息編解碼：protostuff、kryo、java spring 使用SPI來根據(jù)配置動(dòng)態(tài)選擇負(fù)載均衡算法等
由于代碼過多，這里只講幾處改動(dòng)點(diǎn)。
3.1動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)載均衡算法
1.編寫LoadBalance的實(shí)現(xiàn)類
2.自定義注解 @LoadBalanceAno
/**
* 負(fù)載均衡注解
*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface LoadBalanceAno {
String value() default "";
}
/**
* 輪詢算法
*/
@LoadBalanceAno(RpcConstant.BALANCE_ROUND)
public class FullRoundBalance implements LoadBalance {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FullRoundBalance.class);
private volatile int index;
@Override
public synchronized Service chooseOne(List<Service> services) {
// 加鎖防止多線程情況下，index超出services.size()
if (index == services.size()) {
index = 0;
}
return services.get(index++);
}
}
3.新建在resource目錄下META-INF/servers文件夾并創(chuàng)建文件
4.RpcConfig增加配置項(xiàng)loadBalance
/**
* @author 2YSP
* @date 2020/7/26 15:13
*/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "sp.rpc")
public class RpcConfig {
/**
* 服務(wù)注冊(cè)中心地址
*/
private String registerAddress = "127.0.0.1:2181";
/**
* 服務(wù)暴露端口
*/
private Integer serverPort = 9999;
/**
* 服務(wù)協(xié)議
*/
private String protocol = "java";
/**
* 負(fù)載均衡算法
*/
private String loadBalance = "random";
/**
* 權(quán)重，默認(rèn)為1
*/
private Integer weight = 1;
// 省略getter setter
}
5.在自動(dòng)配置類RpcAutoConfiguration根據(jù)配置選擇對(duì)應(yīng)的算法實(shí)現(xiàn)類
/**
* 使用spi匹配符合配置的負(fù)載均衡算法
*
* @param name
* @return
*/
private LoadBalance getLoadBalance(String name) {
ServiceLoader<LoadBalance> loader = ServiceLoader.load(LoadBalance.class);
Iterator<LoadBalance> iterator = loader.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
LoadBalance loadBalance = iterator.next();
LoadBalanceAno ano = loadBalance.getClass().getAnnotation(LoadBalanceAno.class);
Assert.notNull(ano, "load balance name can not be empty!");
if (name.equals(ano.value())) {
return loadBalance;
}
}
throw new RpcException("invalid load balance config");
}
@Bean
public ClientProxyFactory proxyFactory(@Autowired RpcConfig rpcConfig) {
ClientProxyFactory clientProxyFactory = new ClientProxyFactory();
// 設(shè)置服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)著
clientProxyFactory.setServerDiscovery(new ZookeeperServerDiscovery(rpcConfig.getRegisterAddress()));
// 設(shè)置支持的協(xié)議
Map<String, MessageProtocol> supportMessageProtocols = buildSupportMessageProtocols();
clientProxyFactory.setSupportMessageProtocols(supportMessageProtocols);
// 設(shè)置負(fù)載均衡算法
LoadBalance loadBalance = getLoadBalance(rpcConfig.getLoadBalance());
clientProxyFactory.setLoadBalance(loadBalance);
// 設(shè)置網(wǎng)絡(luò)層實(shí)現(xiàn)
clientProxyFactory.setNetClient(new NettyNetClient());
return clientProxyFactory;
}
3.2本地服務(wù)列表緩存
使用Map來緩存數(shù)據(jù)
/**
* 服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)本地緩存
*/
public class ServerDiscoveryCache {
/**
* key: serviceName
*/
private static final Map<String, List<Service>> SERVER_MAP = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
/**
* 客戶端注入的遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)service class
*/
public static final List<String> SERVICE_CLASS_NAMES = new ArrayList<>();
public static void put(String serviceName, List<Service> serviceList) {
SERVER_MAP.put(serviceName, serviceList);
}
/**
* 去除指定的值
* @param serviceName
* @param service
*/
public static void remove(String serviceName, Service service) {
SERVER_MAP.computeIfPresent(serviceName, (key, value) ->
value.stream().filter(o -> !o.toString().equals(service.toString())).collect(Collectors.toList())
);
}
public static void removeAll(String serviceName) {
SERVER_MAP.remove(serviceName);
}
public static boolean isEmpty(String serviceName) {
return SERVER_MAP.get(serviceName) == null || SERVER_MAP.get(serviceName).size() == 0;
}
public static List<Service> get(String serviceName) {
return SERVER_MAP.get(serviceName);
}
}
ClientProxyFactory，先查本地緩存，緩存沒有再查詢zookeeper。
/**
* 根據(jù)服務(wù)名獲取可用的服務(wù)地址列表
* @param serviceName
* @return
*/
private List<Service> getServiceList(String serviceName) {
List<Service> services;
synchronized (serviceName){
if (ServerDiscoveryCache.isEmpty(serviceName)) {
services = serverDiscovery.findServiceList(serviceName);
if (services == null || services.size() == 0) {
throw new RpcException("No provider available!");
}
ServerDiscoveryCache.put(serviceName, services);
} else {
services = ServerDiscoveryCache.get(serviceName);
}
}
return services;
}
問題： 如果服務(wù)端因?yàn)殄礄C(jī)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題下線了，緩存卻還在就會(huì)導(dǎo)致客戶端請(qǐng)求已經(jīng)不可用的服務(wù)端，增加請(qǐng)求失敗率。 **解決方案：**由于服務(wù)端注冊(cè)的是臨時(shí)節(jié)點(diǎn)，所以如果服務(wù)端下線節(jié)點(diǎn)會(huì)被移除。只要監(jiān)聽zookeeper的子節(jié)點(diǎn)，如果新增或刪除子節(jié)點(diǎn)就直接清空本地緩存即可。
DefaultRpcProcessor
/**
* Rpc處理者，支持服務(wù)啟動(dòng)暴露，自動(dòng)注入Service
* @author 2YSP
* @date 2020/7/26 14:46
*/
public class DefaultRpcProcessor implements ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent> {
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) {
// Spring啟動(dòng)完畢過后會(huì)收到一個(gè)事件通知
if (Objects.isNull(event.getApplicationContext().getParent())){
ApplicationContext context = event.getApplicationContext();
// 開啟服務(wù)
startServer(context);
// 注入Service
injectService(context);
}
}
private void injectService(ApplicationContext context) {
String[] names = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for(String name : names){
Class<?> clazz = context.getType(name);
if (Objects.isNull(clazz)){
continue;
}
Field[] declaredFields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for(Field field : declaredFields){
// 找出標(biāo)記了InjectService注解的屬性
InjectService injectService = field.getAnnotation(InjectService.class);
if (injectService == null){
continue;
}
Class<?> fieldClass = field.getType();
Object object = context.getBean(name);
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
field.set(object,clientProxyFactory.getProxy(fieldClass));
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 添加本地服務(wù)緩存
ServerDiscoveryCache.SERVICE_CLASS_NAMES.add(fieldClass.getName());
}
}
// 注冊(cè)子節(jié)點(diǎn)監(jiān)聽
if (clientProxyFactory.getServerDiscovery() instanceof ZookeeperServerDiscovery){
ZookeeperServerDiscovery serverDiscovery = (ZookeeperServerDiscovery) clientProxyFactory.getServerDiscovery();
ZkClient zkClient = serverDiscovery.getZkClient();
ServerDiscoveryCache.SERVICE_CLASS_NAMES.forEach(name ->{
String servicePath = RpcConstant.ZK_SERVICE_PATH + RpcConstant.PATH_DELIMITER + name + "/service";
zkClient.subscribeChildChanges(servicePath, new ZkChildListenerImpl());
});
logger.info("subscribe service zk node successfully");
}
}
private void startServer(ApplicationContext context) {
...
}
}
ZkChildListenerImpl
/**
* 子節(jié)點(diǎn)事件監(jiān)聽處理類
*/
public class ZkChildListenerImpl implements IZkChildListener {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZkChildListenerImpl.class);
/**
* 監(jiān)聽子節(jié)點(diǎn)的刪除和新增事件
* @param parentPath /rpc/serviceName/service
* @param childList
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void handleChildChange(String parentPath, List<String> childList) throws Exception {
logger.debug("Child change parentPath:[{}] -- childList:[{}]", parentPath, childList);
// 只要子節(jié)點(diǎn)有改動(dòng)就清空緩存
String[] arr = parentPath.split("/");
ServerDiscoveryCache.removeAll(arr[2]);
}
}
3.3nettyClient支持TCP長(zhǎng)連接
這部分的改動(dòng)最多，先增加新的sendRequest接口。
實(shí)現(xiàn)類NettyNetClient
/**
* @author 2YSP
* @date 2020/7/25 20:12
*/
public class NettyNetClient implements NetClient {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyNetClient.class);
private static ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(4, 10, 200,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(1000), new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("rpcClient-%d")
.build());
private EventLoopGroup loopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(4);
/**
* 已連接的服務(wù)緩存
* key: 服務(wù)地址，格式：ip:port
*/
public static Map<String, SendHandlerV2> connectedServerNodes = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@Override
public byte[] sendRequest(byte[] data, Service service) throws InterruptedException {
....
return respData;
}
@Override
public RpcResponse sendRequest(RpcRequest rpcRequest, Service service, MessageProtocol messageProtocol) {
String address = service.getAddress();
synchronized (address) {
if (connectedServerNodes.containsKey(address)) {
SendHandlerV2 handler = connectedServerNodes.get(address);
logger.info("使用現(xiàn)有的連接");
return handler.sendRequest(rpcRequest);
}
String[] addrInfo = address.split(":");
final String serverAddress = addrInfo[0];
final String serverPort = addrInfo[1];
final SendHandlerV2 handler = new SendHandlerV2(messageProtocol, address);
threadPool.submit(() -> {
// 配置客戶端
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(loopGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
pipeline
.addLast(handler);
}
});
// 啟用客戶端連接
ChannelFuture channelFuture = b.connect(serverAddress, Integer.parseInt(serverPort));
channelFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture channelFuture) throws Exception {
connectedServerNodes.put(address, handler);
}
});
}
);
logger.info("使用新的連接。。。");
return handler.sendRequest(rpcRequest);
}
}
}
每次請(qǐng)求都會(huì)調(diào)用sendRequest()方法，用線程池異步和服務(wù)端創(chuàng)建TCP長(zhǎng)連接，連接成功后將SendHandlerV2緩存到ConcurrentHashMap中方便復(fù)用，后續(xù)請(qǐng)求的請(qǐng)求地址（ip+port）如果在connectedServerNodes中存在則使用connectedServerNodes中的handler處理不再重新建立連接。
SendHandlerV2
/**
* @author 2YSP
* @date 2020/8/19 20:06
*/
public class SendHandlerV2 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SendHandlerV2.class);
/**
* 等待通道建立最大時(shí)間
*/
static final int CHANNEL_WAIT_TIME = 4;
/**
* 等待響應(yīng)最大時(shí)間
*/
static final int RESPONSE_WAIT_TIME = 8;
private volatile Channel channel;
private String remoteAddress;
private static Map<String, RpcFuture<RpcResponse>> requestMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private MessageProtocol messageProtocol;
private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
public SendHandlerV2(MessageProtocol messageProtocol,String remoteAddress) {
this.messageProtocol = messageProtocol;
this.remoteAddress = remoteAddress;
}
@Override
public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
this.channel = ctx.channel();
latch.countDown();
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
logger.debug("Connect to server successfully:{}", ctx);
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
logger.debug("Client reads message:{}", msg);
ByteBuf byteBuf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] resp = new byte[byteBuf.readableBytes()];
byteBuf.readBytes(resp);
// 手動(dòng)回收
ReferenceCountUtil.release(byteBuf);
RpcResponse response = messageProtocol.unmarshallingResponse(resp);
RpcFuture<RpcResponse> future = requestMap.get(response.getRequestId());
future.setResponse(response);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
logger.error("Exception occurred:{}", cause.getMessage());
ctx.close();
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.flush();
}
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
super.channelInactive(ctx);
logger.error("channel inactive with remoteAddress:[{}]",remoteAddress);
NettyNetClient.connectedServerNodes.remove(remoteAddress);
}
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
super.userEventTriggered(ctx, evt);
}
public RpcResponse sendRequest(RpcRequest request) {
RpcResponse response;
RpcFuture<RpcResponse> future = new RpcFuture<>();
requestMap.put(request.getRequestId(), future);
try {
byte[] data = messageProtocol.marshallingRequest(request);
ByteBuf reqBuf = Unpooled.buffer(data.length);
reqBuf.writeBytes(data);
if (latch.await(CHANNEL_WAIT_TIME,TimeUnit.SECONDS)){
channel.writeAndFlush(reqBuf);
// 等待響應(yīng)
response = future.get(RESPONSE_WAIT_TIME, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}else {
throw new RpcException("establish channel time out");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RpcException(e.getMessage());
} finally {
requestMap.remove(request.getRequestId());
}
return response;
}
}
RpcFuture
package cn.sp.rpc.client.net;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* @author 2YSP
* @date 2020/8/19 22:31
*/
public class RpcFuture<T> implements Future<T> {
private T response;
/**
* 因?yàn)檎?qǐng)求和響應(yīng)是一一對(duì)應(yīng)的，所以這里是1
*/
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
/**
* Future的請(qǐng)求時(shí)間，用于計(jì)算Future是否超時(shí)
*/
private long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
@Override
public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean isCancelled() {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean isDone() {
if (response != null) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 獲取響應(yīng)，直到有結(jié)果才返回
* @return
* @throws InterruptedException
* @throws ExecutionException
*/
@Override
public T get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
countDownLatch.await();
return response;
}
@Override
public T get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
if (countDownLatch.await(timeout,unit)){
return response;
}
return null;
}
public void setResponse(T response) {
this.response = response;
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
public long getBeginTime() {
return beginTime;
}
}
此處邏輯，第一次執(zhí)行 SendHandlerV2#sendRequest() 時(shí)channel需要等待通道建立好之后才能發(fā)送請(qǐng)求，所以用CountDownLatch來控制，等待通道建立。 自定義Future+requestMap緩存來實(shí)現(xiàn)netty的請(qǐng)求和阻塞等待響應(yīng)，RpcRequest對(duì)象在創(chuàng)建時(shí)會(huì)生成一個(gè)請(qǐng)求的唯一標(biāo)識(shí)requestId，發(fā)送請(qǐng)求前先將RpcFuture緩存到requestMap中，key為requestId，讀取到服務(wù)端的響應(yīng)信息后(channelRead方法)，將響應(yīng)結(jié)果放入對(duì)應(yīng)的RpcFuture中。 SendHandlerV2#channelInactive() 方法中，如果連接的服務(wù)端異常斷開連接了，則及時(shí)清理緩存中對(duì)應(yīng)的serverNode。
四、壓力測(cè)試
測(cè)試環(huán)境：
(英特爾)Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz 4核 windows10家庭版（64位） 16G內(nèi)存
1.本地啟動(dòng)zookeeper 2.本地啟動(dòng)一個(gè)消費(fèi)者，兩個(gè)服務(wù)端，輪詢算法 3.使用ab進(jìn)行壓力測(cè)試，4個(gè)線程發(fā)送10000個(gè)請(qǐng)求
ab -c 4 -n 10000 http://localhost:8080/test/user?id=1
測(cè)試結(jié)果：
從圖片可以看出，10000個(gè)請(qǐng)求只用了11s，比之前的130+秒耗時(shí)減少了10倍以上。
代碼地址：
https://github.com/2YSP/rpc-spring-boot-starter
https://github.com/2YSP/rpc-example
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