五年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié) 16 條的代碼規(guī)范
2、面試官:拋開Spring來(lái)說(shuō),如何自己實(shí)現(xiàn)Spring AOP?
如何更規(guī)范化編寫Java 代碼
Many of the happiest people are those who own the least. But are we really so happy with our IPhones, our big houses, our fancy cars?
忘川如斯,擁有一切的人才更怕失去。
背景:如何更規(guī)范化編寫Java 代碼的重要性想必毋需多言,其中最重要的幾點(diǎn)當(dāng)屬提高代碼性能、使代碼遠(yuǎn)離Bug、令代碼更優(yōu)雅。
一、MyBatis 不要為了多個(gè)查詢條件而寫 1 = 1
當(dāng)遇到多個(gè)查詢條件,使用where 1=1 可以很方便的解決我們的問(wèn)題,但是這樣很可能會(huì)造成非常大的性能損失,因?yàn)樘砑恿?“where 1=1 ”的過(guò)濾條件之后,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)就無(wú)法使用索引等查詢優(yōu)化策略,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)將會(huì)被迫對(duì)每行數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行掃描(即全表掃描) 以比較此行是否滿足過(guò)濾條件,當(dāng)表中的數(shù)據(jù)量較大時(shí)查詢速度會(huì)非常慢;此外,還會(huì)存在SQL 注入的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
反例:
select count(*) from t_rule_BookInfo t where 1=1AND title = #{title}AND author = #{author}
正例:
select count(*) from t_rule_BookInfo ttitle = #{title}AND author = #{author}
UPDATE 操作也一樣,可以用
二、 迭代entrySet() 獲取Map 的key 和value
當(dāng)循環(huán)中只需要獲取Map 的主鍵key時(shí),迭代keySet() 是正確的;但是,當(dāng)需要主鍵key 和取值value 時(shí),迭代entrySet() 才是更高效的做法,其比先迭代keySet() 后再去通過(guò)get 取值性能更佳。
反例:
//Map?獲取value?反例:HashMap?map?=?new?HashMap<>(); for?(String?key?:?map.keySet()){String value = map.get(key);}
正例:
??//Map?獲取key?&?value?正例:HashMap?map?=?new?HashMap<>(); ?for?(Map.Entry?entry?:?map.entrySet()){ ?????String?key?=?entry.getKey();?????String?value?=?entry.getValue();}
三、使用Collection.isEmpty() 檢測(cè)空
使用Collection.size() 來(lái)檢測(cè)是否為空在邏輯上沒有問(wèn)題,但是使用Collection.isEmpty() 使得代碼更易讀,并且可以獲得更好的性能;除此之外,任何Collection.isEmpty() 實(shí)現(xiàn)的時(shí)間復(fù)雜度都是O(1) ,不需要多次循環(huán)遍歷,但是某些通過(guò)Collection.size() 方法實(shí)現(xiàn)的時(shí)間復(fù)雜度可能是O(n)。O(1)緯度減少循環(huán)次數(shù) 例子
反例:
LinkedListif?(collection.size()?==?0){??System.out.println("collection?is?empty.");?}
正例:
LinkedListif (collection.isEmpty()){System.out.println("collection is empty.");}//檢測(cè)是否為null 可以使用CollectionUtils.isEmpty()if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(collection)){System.out.println("collection is null.");}
四、初始化集合時(shí)盡量指定其大小
盡量在初始化時(shí)指定集合的大小,能有效減少集合的擴(kuò)容次數(shù),因?yàn)榧厦看螖U(kuò)容的時(shí)間復(fù)雜度很可能時(shí)O(n),耗費(fèi)時(shí)間和性能。
反例:
//初始化list,往list 中添加元素反例:int[] arr = new int[]{1,2,3,4};List?list?=?new?ArrayList<>(); for (int i : arr){list.add(i);}
//初始化list,往list 中添加元素正例:int[] arr = new int[]{1,2,3,4};//指定集合list 的容量大小Listlist = new ArrayList<>(arr.length); for (int i : arr){list.add(i);}
//在循環(huán)中拼接字符串反例String str = "";for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){//在循環(huán)中字符串拼接Java 不會(huì)對(duì)其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化str += i;}
//在循環(huán)中拼接字符串正例String str1 = "Love";String str2 = "Courage";String strConcat = str1 + str2; //Java 編譯器會(huì)對(duì)該普通模式的字符串拼接進(jìn)行優(yōu)化StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){//在循環(huán)中,Java 編譯器無(wú)法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,所以要手動(dòng)使用StringBuildersb.append(i);}
//頻繁調(diào)用Collection.contains() 反例Listfor (int i = 0; i <= Integer.MAX_VALUE; i++){//時(shí)間復(fù)雜度為O(n)if (list.contains(i))??System.out.println("list?contains?"+?i);?}
//頻繁調(diào)用Collection.contains() 正例ListSetfor (int i = 0; i <= Integer.MAX_VALUE; i++){//時(shí)間復(fù)雜度為O(1)if (set.contains(i)){System.out.println("list contains "+ i);}}
//賦值靜態(tài)成員變量反例private static Mapmap = new HashMap (){ {map.put("Leo",1);map.put("Family-loving",2);map.put("Cold on the out side passionate on the inside",3);}};private static Listlist = new ArrayList<>(){ {list.add("Sagittarius");list.add("Charming");list.add("Perfectionist");}};
//賦值靜態(tài)成員變量正例private static Mapmap = new HashMap (); static {map.put("Leo",1);map.put("Family-loving",2);map.put("Cold on the out side passionate on the inside",3);}private static Listlist = new ArrayList<>(); static {list.add("Sagittarius");list.add("Charming");list.add("Perfectionist");}
public class PasswordUtils {//工具類構(gòu)造函數(shù)反例private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PasswordUtils.class);public static final String DEFAULT_CRYPT_ALGO = "PBEWithMD5AndDES";public static String encryptPassword(String aPassword) throws IOException {return new PasswordUtils(aPassword).encrypt();}
public class PasswordUtils {//工具類構(gòu)造函數(shù)正例private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PasswordUtils.class);//定義私有構(gòu)造函數(shù)來(lái)屏蔽這個(gè)隱式公有構(gòu)造函數(shù)private PasswordUtils(){}public static final String DEFAULT_CRYPT_ALGO = "PBEWithMD5AndDES";public static String encryptPassword(String aPassword) throws IOException {return new PasswordUtils(aPassword).encrypt();}
//多余異常反例private static String fileReader(String fileName)throws IOException{try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName))) {String line;StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {builder.append(line);}return builder.toString();} catch (Exception e) {//僅僅是重復(fù)拋異常 未作任何處理throw e;}}
//多余異常正例private static String fileReader(String fileName)throws IOException{try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName))) {String line;StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {builder.append(line);}return builder.toString();//刪除多余的拋異常,或增加其他處理:/*catch (Exception e) {return "fileReader exception";}*/}}
//把其它對(duì)象或類型轉(zhuǎn)化為字符串反例:int num = 520;//?""?+?valueString?strLove?=?""?+?num;
//把其它對(duì)象或類型轉(zhuǎn)化為字符串正例:int num = 520;// String.valueOf() 效率更高String strLove = String.valueOf(num);
// BigDecimal 反例BigDecimal bigDecimal = new BigDecimal(0.11D);
//?BigDecimal?正例BigDecimal?bigDecimal1?=?bigDecimal.valueOf(0.11D);

//返回null 反例public static Result[] getResults() {return null;}public static ListgetResultList() { return null;}public static MapgetResultMap() { return null;}
//返回空數(shù)組和空集正例public static Result[] getResults() {return new Result[0];}public static ListgetResultList() { return Collections.emptyList();}public static MapgetResultMap() { return Collections.emptyMap();}
?//調(diào)用?equals?方法反例private?static?boolean?fileReader(String?fileName)throws?IOException{//?可能拋空指針異常return?fileName.equals("Charming");?}
//調(diào)用 equals 方法正例private static boolean fileReader(String fileName)throws IOException{// 使用常量或確定有值的對(duì)象來(lái)調(diào)用 equals 方法return "Charming".equals(fileName);//或使用:java.util.Objects.equals() 方法return Objects.equals("Charming",fileName);}
public enum SwitchStatus {// 枚舉的屬性字段反例DISABLED(0, "禁用"),ENABLED(1, "啟用");public int value;private String description;private SwitchStatus(int value, String description) {this.value = value;this.description = description;}public String getDescription() {return description;}public void setDescription(String description) {this.description = description;}}
public enum SwitchStatus {// 枚舉的屬性字段正例DISABLED(0, "禁用"),ENABLED(1, "啟用");// final 修飾private final int value;private final String description;private SwitchStatus(int value, String description) {this.value = value;this.description = description;}// 沒有Setter 方法public int getValue() {return value;}public String getDescription() {return description;}}
?//?String.split(String?regex)?反例String[]?split?=?"a.ab.abc".split(".");System.out.println(Arrays.toString(split));???//?結(jié)果為[]String[]?split1?=?"a|ab|abc".split("|");System.out.println(Arrays.toString(split1));??//?結(jié)果為["a",?"|",?"a",?"b",?"|",?"a",?"b",?"c"]
// String.split(String regex) 正例// . 需要轉(zhuǎn)譯String[] split2 = "a.ab.abc".split("\\.");System.out.println(Arrays.toString(split2)); // 結(jié)果為["a", "ab", "abc"]// | 需要轉(zhuǎn)譯String[] split3 = "a|ab|abc".split("\\|");System.out.println(Arrays.toString(split3)); // 結(jié)果為["a", "ab", "abc"]

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