Python Qt GUI設(shè)計(jì)：做一款串口調(diào)試助手（實(shí)戰(zhàn)篇—1）

import osimport os.path
dir ='./' #文件所在的路徑
#找出路徑下所有的.ui文件def listUiFile():    list = []    files = os.listdir(dir)    for filename in files:        #print(filename)        if os.path.splitext(filename)[1] == '.ui':            list.append(filename)
    return list
#把擴(kuò)展名未.ui的轉(zhuǎn)換成.py的文件def transPyFile(filename):    return os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + '.py'
#通過命令把.ui文件轉(zhuǎn)換成.py文件def runMain():    list = listUiFile()    for uifile in list:        pyfile = transPyFile(uifile)        cmd = 'pyuic5 -o {pyfile} {uifile}'.format(pyfile=pyfile, uifile=uifile)        os.system(cmd)
if __name__ =="__main__":    runMain()

# 初始化程序    def __init__(self):        super(Pyqt5_Serial, self).__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.init()
        self.ser = serial.Serial()        self.port_check()
        # 設(shè)置Logo和標(biāo)題        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('Com.png'))        self.setWindowTitle("串口調(diào)試助手 【公眾號(hào)】美男子玩編程")        # 設(shè)置禁止拉伸窗口大小        self.setFixedSize(self.width(), self.height())
        # 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)和接收數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)目置零        self.data_num_sended = 0        self.Lineedit2.setText(str(self.data_num_sended))        self.data_num_received = 0        self.Lineedit3.setText(str(self.data_num_received))
        # 串口關(guān)閉按鈕使能關(guān)閉        self.Pushbuttom3.setEnabled(False)
        # 發(fā)送框、文本框清除        self.Text1.setText("")        self.Text2.setText("")
    # 建立控件信號(hào)與槽關(guān)系    def init(self):        # 串口檢測(cè)按鈕        self.Pushbuttom2.clicked.connect(self.port_check)        # 串口打開按鈕        self.Pushbuttom1.clicked.connect(self.port_open)        # 串口關(guān)閉按鈕        self.Pushbuttom3.clicked.connect(self.port_close)
        # 定時(shí)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)        self.timer_send = QTimer()        self.timer_send.timeout.connect(self.data_send)        self.Checkbox7.stateChanged.connect(self.data_send_timer)
        # 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)按鈕        self.Pushbuttom6.clicked.connect(self.data_send)
        # 加載日志        self.Pushbuttom4.clicked.connect(self.savefiles)        # 加載日志        self.Pushbuttom5.clicked.connect(self.openfiles)
        # 跳轉(zhuǎn)鏈接        self.commandLinkButton1.clicked.connect(self.link)
        # 清除發(fā)送按鈕        self.Pushbuttom7.clicked.connect(self.send_data_clear)
        # 清除接收按鈕        self.Pushbuttom8.clicked.connect(self.receive_data_clear)

# 串口檢測(cè)    def port_check(self):        # 檢測(cè)所有存在的串口，將信息存儲(chǔ)在字典中        self.Com_Dict = {}        port_list = list(serial.tools.list_ports.comports())
        self.Combobox1.clear()        for port in port_list:            self.Com_Dict["%s" % port[0]] = "%s" % port[1]            self.Combobox1.addItem(port[0])
        # 無串口判斷        if len(self.Com_Dict) == 0:            self.Combobox1.addItem("無串口")

# 打開串口    def port_open(self):        self.ser.port        = self.Combobox1.currentText()      # 串口號(hào)        self.ser.baudrate    = int(self.Combobox2.currentText()) # 波特率
        flag_data = int(self.Combobox3.currentText())  # 數(shù)據(jù)位        if flag_data == 5:            self.ser.bytesize = serial.FIVEBITS        elif flag_data == 6:            self.ser.bytesize = serial.SIXBITS        elif flag_data == 7:            self.ser.bytesize = serial.SEVENBITS        else:            self.ser.bytesize = serial.EIGHTBITS
        flag_data = self.Combobox4.currentText()  # 校驗(yàn)位        if flag_data == "None":            self.ser.parity = serial.PARITY_NONE        elif flag_data == "Odd":            self.ser.parity = serial.PARITY_ODD        else:            self.ser.parity = serial.PARITY_EVEN
        flag_data = int(self.Combobox5.currentText()) # 停止位        if flag_data == 1:            self.ser.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE        else:            self.ser.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_TWO
        flag_data = self.Combobox6.currentText()  # 流控        if flag_data == "No Ctrl Flow":            self.ser.xonxoff = False  #軟件流控            self.ser.dsrdtr  = False  #硬件流控 DTR            self.ser.rtscts  = False  #硬件流控 RTS        elif flag_data == "SW Ctrl Flow":            self.ser.xonxoff = True  #軟件流控        else:                     if self.Checkbox3.isChecked():                self.ser.dsrdtr = True  #硬件流控 DTR            if self.Checkbox4.isChecked():                self.ser.rtscts = True  #硬件流控 RTS        try:            time.sleep(0.1)            self.ser.open()        except:            QMessageBox.critical(self, "串口異常", "此串口不能被打開！")            return None
        # 串口打開后，切換開關(guān)串口按鈕使能狀態(tài)，防止失誤操作                if self.ser.isOpen():            self.Pushbuttom1.setEnabled(False)            self.Pushbuttom3.setEnabled(True)            self.formGroupBox1.setTitle("串口狀態(tài)（開啟）")
        # 定時(shí)器接收數(shù)據(jù)        self.timer = QTimer()        self.timer.timeout.connect(self.data_receive)        # 打開串口接收定時(shí)器，周期為1ms        self.timer.start(1)

# 定時(shí)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)    def data_send_timer(self):        try:            if 1<= int(self.Lineedit1.text()) <= 30000:  # 定時(shí)時(shí)間1ms~30s內(nèi)                if self.Checkbox7.isChecked():                    self.timer_send.start(int(self.Lineedit1.text()))                    self.Lineedit1.setEnabled(False)                else:                    self.timer_send.stop()                    self.Lineedit1.setEnabled(True)            else:                QMessageBox.critical(self, '定時(shí)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)異常', '定時(shí)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)周期僅可設(shè)置在30秒內(nèi)！')        except:            QMessageBox.critical(self, '定時(shí)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)異常', '請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)置正確的數(shù)值類型！')

# 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)    def data_send(self):        if self.ser.isOpen():            input_s = self.Text2.toPlainText()
            # 判斷是否為非空字符串            if input_s != "":                # 時(shí)間顯示                if self.Checkbox5.isChecked():                    self.Text1.insertPlainText((time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) + " ")
                # HEX發(fā)送                if self.Checkbox1.isChecked():                      input_s = input_s.strip()                    send_list = []                    while input_s != '':                        try:                            num = int(input_s[0:2], 16)                        except ValueError:                            QMessageBox.critical(self, '串口異常', '請(qǐng)輸入規(guī)范十六進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)，以空格分開！')                            return None
                        input_s = input_s[2:].strip()                        send_list.append(num)
                    input_s = bytes(send_list)                # ASCII發(fā)送                else:                      input_s = (input_s).encode('utf-8')
                # HEX接收顯示                if self.Checkbox2.isChecked():                      out_s = ''                    for i in range(0, len(input_s)):                        out_s = out_s + '{:02X}'.format(input_s[i]) + ' '
                    self.Text1.insertPlainText(out_s)                # ASCII接收顯示                else:                      self.Text1.insertPlainText(input_s.decode('utf-8')) 
                # 接收換行                              if self.Checkbox6.isChecked():                    self.Text1.insertPlainText('\r\n')
                # 獲取到Text光標(biāo)                textCursor = self.Text1.textCursor()                # 滾動(dòng)到底部                textCursor.movePosition(textCursor.End)                # 設(shè)置光標(biāo)到Text中去                self.Text1.setTextCursor(textCursor)
                # 統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)送字符數(shù)量                num = self.ser.write(input_s)                self.data_num_sended += num                self.Lineedit2.setText(str(self.data_num_sended))        else:            pass

# 接收數(shù)據(jù)    def data_receive(self):        try:            num = self.ser.inWaiting()
            if num > 0:                time.sleep(0.1)                num = self.ser.inWaiting()  #延時(shí)，再讀一次數(shù)據(jù)，確保數(shù)據(jù)完整性        except:            QMessageBox.critical(self, '串口異常', '串口接收數(shù)據(jù)異常，請(qǐng)重新連接設(shè)備！')            self.port_close()            return None
        if num > 0:            data = self.ser.read(num)            num = len(data)
            # 時(shí)間顯示            if self.Checkbox5.isChecked():                self.Text1.insertPlainText((time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) + " ")
            # HEX顯示數(shù)據(jù)            if self.Checkbox2.checkState():                out_s = ''                for i in range(0, len(data)):                    out_s = out_s + '{:02X}'.format(data[i]) + ' '
                self.Text1.insertPlainText(out_s)            # ASCII顯示數(shù)據(jù)            else:                self.Text1.insertPlainText(data.decode('utf-8'))
            # 接收換行                          if self.Checkbox6.isChecked():                self.Text1.insertPlainText('\r\n')
            # 獲取到text光標(biāo)            textCursor = self.Text1.textCursor()            # 滾動(dòng)到底部            textCursor.movePosition(textCursor.End)            # 設(shè)置光標(biāo)到text中去            self.Text1.setTextCursor(textCursor)
            # 統(tǒng)計(jì)接收字符的數(shù)量            self.data_num_received += num            self.Lineedit3.setText(str(self.data_num_received))        else:            pass

# 保存日志    def savefiles(self):        dlg = QFileDialog()        filenames = dlg.getSaveFileName(None, "保存日志文件", None, "Txt files(*.txt)")
        try:            with open(file = filenames[0], mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as file:                file.write(self.Text1.toPlainText())        except:            QMessageBox.critical(self, '日志異常', '保存日志文件失??！')

# 加載日志    def openfiles(self):        dlg = QFileDialog()        filenames = dlg.getOpenFileName(None, "加載日志文件", None, "Txt files(*.txt)")
        try:            with open(file = filenames[0], mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as file:                self.Text2.setPlainText(file.read())        except:            QMessageBox.critical(self, '日志異常', '加載日志文件失?。?)

# 打開博客鏈接和公眾號(hào)二維碼    def link(self):        dialog = QDialog()        label_img = QLabel()
        label_img.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)            label_img.setPixmap(QPixmap("./img.jpg"))
        vbox = QVBoxLayout()        vbox.addWidget(label_img)        dialog.setLayout(vbox)
        dialog.setWindowTitle("快掃碼關(guān)注公眾號(hào)吧~")        dialog.setWindowModality(Qt.ApplicationModal)        dialog.exec_()
        webbrowser.open('https://blog.csdn.net/m0_38106923')

# 清除發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)顯示    def send_data_clear(self):        self.Text2.setText("")
        self.data_num_sended = 0        self.Lineedit2.setText(str(self.data_num_sended))
    # 清除接收數(shù)據(jù)顯示    def receive_data_clear(self):        self.Text1.setText("")
        self.data_num_received = 0        self.Lineedit3.setText(str(self.data_num_received))

# 關(guān)閉串口    def port_close(self):        try:            self.timer.stop()            self.timer_send.stop()
            self.ser.close()        except:            QMessageBox.critical(self, '串口異常', '關(guān)閉串口失敗，請(qǐng)重啟程序！')            return None
        # 切換開關(guān)串口按鈕使能狀態(tài)和定時(shí)發(fā)送使能狀態(tài)        self.Pushbuttom1.setEnabled(True)        self.Pushbuttom3.setEnabled(False)        self.Lineedit1.setEnabled(True)
        # 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)和接收數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)目置零        self.data_num_sended = 0        self.Lineedit2.setText(str(self.data_num_sended))        self.data_num_received = 0        self.Lineedit3.setText(str(self.data_num_received))
        self.formGroupBox1.setTitle("串口狀態(tài)（關(guān)閉）")