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          Java字符串拼接的五種方法,哪種性能最好?

          共 1256字,需瀏覽 3分鐘

           ·

          2022-01-11 16:20

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          作者:?老壇酸菜WH

          來(lái)源 :?cnblogs.com/twzheng/p/5923642.html


          > 字符串拼接一般使用“+”,但是“+”不能滿足大批量數(shù)據(jù)的處理,Java中有以下五種方法處理字符串拼接,各有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),程序開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)選擇合適的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)。


          1. 加號(hào) “+”


          2. String contact() 方法


          3. StringUtils.join() 方法


          4. StringBuffer append() 方法


          5. StringBuilder append() 方法


          > 經(jīng)過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的程序測(cè)試,從執(zhí)行100次到90萬(wàn)次的時(shí)間開(kāi)銷(xiāo)如下表:


          ?

          ?由此可以看出:


          1. 方法1 加號(hào) “+” 拼接 和 方法2 String contact() 方法 適用于小數(shù)據(jù)量的操作,代碼簡(jiǎn)潔方便,加號(hào)“+” 更符合我們的編碼和閱讀習(xí)慣;


          2. 方法3 StringUtils.join() 方法 適用于將ArrayList轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串,就算90萬(wàn)條數(shù)據(jù)也只需68ms,可以省掉循環(huán)讀取ArrayList的代碼;


          3. 方法4 StringBuffer append() 方法 和 方法5 StringBuilder append() 方法 其實(shí)他們的本質(zhì)是一樣的,都是繼承自AbstractStringBuilder,效率最高,大批量的數(shù)據(jù)處理最好選擇這兩種方法。


          4. 方法1 加號(hào) “+” 拼接 和 方法2 String contact() 方法 的時(shí)間和空間成本都很高(分析在本文末尾),不能用來(lái)做批量數(shù)據(jù)的處理。


          # 源代碼,供參考

          package cnblogs.twzheng.lab2;
          /** * @author Tan Wenzheng * */import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;
          import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
          public?class?TestString?{
          private static final int max = 100;
          public void testPlus() { System.out.println(">>> testPlus() <<<");
          String str = "";
          long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
          for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) { str = str + "a";????????}
          long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
          long cost = end - start;
          System.out.println(" {str + \"a\"} cost=" + cost + " ms");????}
          public void testConcat() {????????System.out.println(">>>?testConcat()?<<<");
          ????????String?str?=?"";
          long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
          for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) { str = str.concat("a"); }
          ????????long?end?=?System.currentTimeMillis();
          ????????long?cost?=?end?-?start;
          System.out.println(" {str.concat(\"a\")} cost=" + cost + " ms"); }
          public void testJoin() {????????System.out.println(">>>?testJoin()?<<<");
          long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
          ????????List?list?=?new?ArrayList();
          for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) { list.add("a"); }
          long end1 = System.currentTimeMillis();????????long?cost1?=?end1?-?start;
          StringUtils.join(list, "");
          long end = System.currentTimeMillis();????????long?cost?=?end?-?end1;
          System.out.println(" {list.add(\"a\")} cost1=" + cost1 + " ms"); System.out.println(" {StringUtils.join(list, \"\")} cost=" + cost + " ms");????}
          public void testStringBuffer() { System.out.println(">>> testStringBuffer() <<<");
          long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
          StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
          for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) { strBuffer.append("a"); } strBuffer.toString();
          long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
          ????????long?cost?=?end?-?start;
          System.out.println(" {strBuffer.append(\"a\")} cost=" + cost + " ms"); }
          public void testStringBuilder() {????????System.out.println(">>>?testStringBuilder()?<<<");
          ????????long?start?=?System.currentTimeMillis();
          StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();
          for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) { strBuilder.append("a"); }????????strBuilder.toString();
          long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
          long cost = end - start;

          System.out .println(" {strBuilder.append(\"a\")} cost=" + cost + " ms"); }}


          # 測(cè)試結(jié)果:


          1. 執(zhí)行100次, private static final int max = 100;


          >>> testPlus() <<<   {str + "a"} cost=0 ms>>> testConcat() <<<   {str.concat("a")} cost=0 ms>>> testJoin() <<<   {list.add("a")} cost1=0 ms   {StringUtils.join(list, "")} cost=20 ms>>> testStringBuffer() <<<   {strBuffer.append("a")} cost=0 ms>>> testStringBuilder() <<<   {strBuilder.append("a")} cost=0 ms


          2. 執(zhí)行1000次, private static final int max = 1000;


          >>> testPlus() <<<   {str + "a"} cost=10 ms>>> testConcat() <<<   {str.concat("a")} cost=0 ms>>> testJoin() <<<   {list.add("a")} cost1=0 ms   {StringUtils.join(list, "")} cost=20 ms>>> testStringBuffer() <<<   {strBuffer.append("a")} cost=0 ms>>> testStringBuilder() <<<   {strBuilder.append("a")} cost=0 ms


          3. 執(zhí)行1萬(wàn)次, private static final int max = 10000;

          >>> testPlus() <<<   {str + "a"} cost=150 ms>>> testConcat() <<<   {str.concat("a")} cost=70 ms>>> testJoin() <<<   {list.add("a")} cost1=0 ms   {StringUtils.join(list, "")} cost=30 ms>>> testStringBuffer() <<<   {strBuffer.append("a")} cost=0 ms>>> testStringBuilder() <<<   {strBuilder.append("a")} cost=0 ms


          4. 執(zhí)行10萬(wàn)次, private static final int max = 100000;

          >>> testPlus() <<<   {str + "a"} cost=4198 ms>>> testConcat() <<<   {str.concat("a")} cost=1862 ms>>> testJoin() <<<   {list.add("a")} cost1=21 ms   {StringUtils.join(list, "")} cost=49 ms>>> testStringBuffer() <<<   {strBuffer.append("a")} cost=10 ms>>> testStringBuilder() <<<   {strBuilder.append("a")} cost=10 ms


          5. 執(zhí)行20萬(wàn)次, private static final int max = 200000;

          >>> testPlus() <<<   {str + "a"} cost=17196 ms>>> testConcat() <<<   {str.concat("a")} cost=7653 ms>>> testJoin() <<<   {list.add("a")} cost1=20 ms   {StringUtils.join(list, "")} cost=51 ms>>> testStringBuffer() <<<   {strBuffer.append("a")} cost=20 ms>>> testStringBuilder() <<<   {strBuilder.append("a")} cost=16 ms


          6. 執(zhí)行50萬(wàn)次, private static final int max = 500000;


          >>> testPlus() <<<   {str + "a"} cost=124693 ms>>> testConcat() <<<   {str.concat("a")} cost=49439 ms>>> testJoin() <<<   {list.add("a")} cost1=21 ms   {StringUtils.join(list, "")} cost=50 ms>>> testStringBuffer() <<<   {strBuffer.append("a")} cost=20 ms>>> testStringBuilder() <<<   {strBuilder.append("a")} cost=10 ms


          7. 執(zhí)行90萬(wàn)次, private static final int max = 900000;


          >>> testPlus() <<<   {str + "a"} cost=456739 ms>>> testConcat() <<<   {str.concat("a")} cost=186252 ms>>> testJoin() <<<   {list.add("a")} cost1=20 ms   {StringUtils.join(list, "")} cost=68 ms>>> testStringBuffer() <<<   {strBuffer.append("a")} cost=30 ms>>> testStringBuilder() <<<   {strBuilder.append("a")} cost=24 ms

          #? 查看源代碼,以及簡(jiǎn)單分析


          String contact 和 StringBuffer,StringBuilder 的源代碼都可以在Java庫(kù)里找到,有空可以研究研究。


          1. 其實(shí)每次調(diào)用contact()方法就是一次數(shù)組的拷貝,雖然在內(nèi)存中是處理都是原子性操作,速度非??欤?,最后的return語(yǔ)句會(huì)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新String對(duì)象,限制了concat方法的速度。

              public String concat(String str) {        int otherLen = str.length();        if (otherLen == 0) {            return this;        }        int len = value.length;        char buf[] = Arrays.copyOf(value, len + otherLen);        str.getChars(buf, len);        return new String(buf, true);    }


          2. StringBuffer 和 StringBuilder 的append方法都繼承自AbstractStringBuilder,整個(gè)邏輯都只做字符數(shù)組的加長(zhǎng),拷貝,到最后也不會(huì)創(chuàng)建新的String對(duì)象,所以速度很快,完成拼接處理后在程序中用strBuffer.toString()來(lái)得到最終的字符串。


              /**     * Appends the specified string to this character sequence.     * 

          * The characters of the {@code String} argument are appended, in * order, increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the * argument. If {@code str} is {@code null}, then the four * characters {@code "null"} are appended. *

          * Let n be the length of this character sequence just prior to * execution of the {@code append} method. Then the character at * index k in the new character sequence is equal to the character * at index k in the old character sequence, if k is less * than n; otherwise, it is equal to the character at index * k-n in the argument {@code str}. * * @param str a string. * @return a reference to this object. */ public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) { if (str == null) str = "null"; int len = str.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); str.getChars(0, len, value, count); count += len; return this; }

              /**     * This method has the same contract as ensureCapacity, but is     * never synchronized.     */    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minimumCapacity) {        // overflow-conscious code        if (minimumCapacity - value.length > 0)            expandCapacity(minimumCapacity);    }

          /** * This implements the expansion semantics of ensureCapacity with no * size check or synchronization. */ void expandCapacity(int minimumCapacity) { int newCapacity = value.length * 2 + 2; if (newCapacity - minimumCapacity < 0) newCapacity = minimumCapacity; if (newCapacity < 0) { if (minimumCapacity < 0) // overflow throw new OutOfMemoryError(); newCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE; } value = Arrays.copyOf(value, newCapacity); }


          3. 字符串的加號(hào)“+” 方法, 雖然編譯器對(duì)其做了優(yōu)化,使用StringBuilder的append方法進(jìn)行追加,但是每循環(huán)一次都會(huì)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)StringBuilder對(duì)象,且都會(huì)調(diào)用toString方法轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串,所以開(kāi)銷(xiāo)很大。


          注:執(zhí)行一次字符串“+”,相當(dāng)于 str = new StringBuilder(str).append("a").toString();


          4. 本文開(kāi)頭的地方統(tǒng)計(jì)了時(shí)間開(kāi)銷(xiāo),根據(jù)上述分析再想想空間的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)。常說(shuō)拿空間換時(shí)間,反過(guò)來(lái)是不是拿時(shí)間換到了空間呢,但是在這里,其實(shí)時(shí)間是消耗在了重復(fù)的不必要的工作上(生成新的對(duì)象,toString方法),所以對(duì)大批量數(shù)據(jù)做處理時(shí),加號(hào)“+” 和 contact 方法絕對(duì)不能用,時(shí)間和空間成本都很高。


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