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          【36期】說(shuō)說(shuō) 如何停止一個(gè)正在運(yùn)行的線程?

          共 623字,需瀏覽 2分鐘

           ·

          2020-09-14 22:25

          程序員的成長(zhǎng)之路
          互聯(lián)網(wǎng)/程序員/技術(shù)/資料共享?
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          閱讀本文大概需要 7.5?分鐘。

          來(lái)自:cnblogs.com/greta/p/5624839.html

          停止一個(gè)線程意味著在任務(wù)處理完任務(wù)之前停掉正在做的操作,也就是放棄當(dāng)前的操作。停止一個(gè)線程可以用Thread.stop()方法,但最好不要用它。雖然它確實(shí)可以停止一個(gè)正在運(yùn)行的線程,但是這個(gè)方法是不安全的,而且是已被廢棄的方法。
          在java中有以下3種方法可以終止正在運(yùn)行的線程:
          • 使用退出標(biāo)志,使線程正常退出,也就是當(dāng)run方法完成后線程終止。

          • 使用stop方法強(qiáng)行終止,但是不推薦這個(gè)方法,因?yàn)閟top和suspend及resume一樣都是過(guò)期作廢的方法。

          • 使用interrupt方法中斷線程。

          1. 停止不了的線程

          interrupt()方法的使用效果并不像for+break語(yǔ)句那樣,馬上就停止循環(huán)。調(diào)用interrupt方法是在當(dāng)前線程中打了一個(gè)停止標(biāo)志,并不是真的停止線程。
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????super.run();
          ????????for(int?i=0;?i<500000;?i++){
          ????????????System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
          ????????}
          ????}
          }

          public?class?Run?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[]){
          ????????Thread?thread?=?new?MyThread();
          ????????thread.start();
          ????????try?{
          ????????????Thread.sleep(2000);
          ????????????thread.interrupt();
          ????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????}
          ????}
          }
          輸出結(jié)果:
          ...
          i=499994
          i=499995
          i=499996
          i=499997
          i=499998
          i=499999
          i=500000

          2. 判斷線程是否停止?fàn)顟B(tài)

          Thread.java類中提供了兩種方法:
          • this.interrupted(): 測(cè)試當(dāng)前線程是否已經(jīng)中斷;

          • this.isInterrupted(): 測(cè)試線程是否已經(jīng)中斷;

          那么這兩個(gè)方法有什么圖區(qū)別呢?
          我們先來(lái)看看this.interrupted()方法的解釋:測(cè)試當(dāng)前線程是否已經(jīng)中斷,當(dāng)前線程是指運(yùn)行this.interrupted()方法的線程。
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????super.run();
          ????????for(int?i=0;?i<500000;?i++){
          ????????????i++;
          //????????????System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
          ????????}
          ????}
          }

          public?class?Run?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[]){
          ????????Thread?thread?=?new?MyThread();
          ????????thread.start();
          ????????try?{
          ????????????Thread.sleep(2000);
          ????????????thread.interrupt();

          ????????????System.out.println("stop?1??"?+?thread.interrupted());
          ????????????System.out.println("stop?2??"?+?thread.interrupted());
          ????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????}
          ????}
          }
          運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
          stop?1??false
          stop?2??false
          類Run.java中雖然是在thread對(duì)象上調(diào)用以下代碼:thread.interrupt(), 后面又使用
          System.out.println("stop?1??"?+?thread.interrupted());
          System.out.println("stop?2??"?+?thread.interrupted());??
          來(lái)判斷thread對(duì)象所代表的線程是否停止,但從控制臺(tái)打印的結(jié)果來(lái)看,線程并未停止,這也證明了interrupted()方法的解釋,測(cè)試當(dāng)前線程是否已經(jīng)中斷。這個(gè)當(dāng)前線程是main,它從未中斷過(guò),所以打印的結(jié)果是兩個(gè)false.
          如何使main線程產(chǎn)生中斷效果呢?
          public?class?Run2?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[]){
          ????????Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
          ????????System.out.println("stop?1??"?+?Thread.interrupted());
          ????????System.out.println("stop?2??"?+?Thread.interrupted());

          ????????System.out.println("End");
          ????}
          }????
          運(yùn)行效果為:
          stop?1??true
          stop?2??false
          End
          方法interrupted()的確判斷出當(dāng)前線程是否是停止?fàn)顟B(tài)。但為什么第2個(gè)布爾值是false呢?官方幫助文檔中對(duì)interrupted方法的解釋:
          測(cè)試當(dāng)前線程是否已經(jīng)中斷。線程的中斷狀態(tài)由該方法清除。換句話說(shuō),如果連續(xù)兩次調(diào)用該方法,則第二次調(diào)用返回false。
          下面來(lái)看一下inInterrupted()方法。
          public?class?Run3?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[]){
          ????????Thread?thread?=?new?MyThread();
          ????????thread.start();
          ????????thread.interrupt();
          ????????System.out.println("stop?1??"?+?thread.isInterrupted());
          ????????System.out.println("stop?2??"?+?thread.isInterrupted());
          ????}
          }
          運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
          stop?1??true
          stop?2??true
          isInterrupted()并為清除狀態(tài),所以打印了兩個(gè)true。

          3. 能停止的線程--異常法

          有了前面學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的知識(shí)點(diǎn),就可以在線程中用for語(yǔ)句來(lái)判斷一下線程是否是停止?fàn)顟B(tài),如果是停止?fàn)顟B(tài),則后面的代碼不再運(yùn)行即可:
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????super.run();
          ????????for(int?i=0;?i<500000;?i++){
          ????????????if(this.interrupted())?{
          ????????????????System.out.println("線程已經(jīng)終止,?for循環(huán)不再執(zhí)行");
          ????????????????break;
          ????????????}
          ????????????System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
          ????????}
          ????}
          }

          public?class?Run?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[]){
          ????????Thread?thread?=?new?MyThread();
          ????????thread.start();
          ????????try?{
          ????????????Thread.sleep(2000);
          ????????????thread.interrupt();
          ????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????}
          ????}
          }
          運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
          ...
          i=202053
          i=202054
          i=202055
          i=202056
          線程已經(jīng)終止, for循環(huán)不再執(zhí)行
          上面的示例雖然停止了線程,但如果for語(yǔ)句下面還有語(yǔ)句,還是會(huì)繼續(xù)運(yùn)行的??聪旅娴睦樱?/section>
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????super.run();
          ????????for(int?i=0;?i<500000;?i++){
          ????????????if(this.interrupted())?{
          ????????????????System.out.println("線程已經(jīng)終止,?for循環(huán)不再執(zhí)行");
          ????????????????break;
          ????????????}
          ????????????System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
          ????????}

          ????????System.out.println("這是for循環(huán)外面的語(yǔ)句,也會(huì)被執(zhí)行");
          ????}
          }
          使用Run.java執(zhí)行的結(jié)果是:
          ...
          i=180136
          i=180137
          i=180138
          i=180139
          線程已經(jīng)終止, for循環(huán)不再執(zhí)行
          這是for循環(huán)外面的語(yǔ)句,也會(huì)被執(zhí)行
          如何解決語(yǔ)句繼續(xù)運(yùn)行的問(wèn)題呢?看一下更新后的代碼:
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????super.run();
          ????????try?{
          ????????????for(int?i=0;?i<500000;?i++){
          ????????????????if(this.interrupted())?{
          ????????????????????System.out.println("線程已經(jīng)終止,?for循環(huán)不再執(zhí)行");
          ????????????????????????throw?new?InterruptedException();
          ????????????????}
          ????????????????System.out.println("i="+(i+1));
          ????????????}

          ????????????System.out.println("這是for循環(huán)外面的語(yǔ)句,也會(huì)被執(zhí)行");
          ????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????System.out.println("進(jìn)入MyThread.java類中的catch了。。。");
          ????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????}
          ????}
          }
          使用Run.java運(yùn)行的結(jié)果如下:
          ...
          i=203798
          i=203799
          i=203800
          線程已經(jīng)終止,?for循環(huán)不再執(zhí)行
          進(jìn)入MyThread.java類中的catch了。。。
          java.lang.InterruptedException
          ????at?thread.MyThread.run(MyThread.java:13)

          4. 在沉睡中停止

          如果線程在sleep()狀態(tài)下停止線程,會(huì)是什么效果呢?
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????super.run();

          ????????try?{
          ????????????System.out.println("線程開(kāi)始。。。");
          ????????????Thread.sleep(200000);
          ????????????System.out.println("線程結(jié)束。");
          ????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????System.out.println("在沉睡中被停止, 進(jìn)入catch,?調(diào)用isInterrupted()方法的結(jié)果是:"?+?this.isInterrupted());
          ????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????}

          ????}
          }
          使用Run.java運(yùn)行的結(jié)果是:
          線程開(kāi)始。。。
          在沉睡中被停止,?進(jìn)入catch,?調(diào)用isInterrupted()方法的結(jié)果是:false
          java.lang.InterruptedException:?sleep?interrupted
          ????at?java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native?Method)
          ????at?thread.MyThread.run(MyThread.java:12)
          從打印的結(jié)果來(lái)看, 如果在sleep狀態(tài)下停止某一線程,會(huì)進(jìn)入catch語(yǔ)句,并且清除停止?fàn)顟B(tài)值,使之變?yōu)閒alse。
          前一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是先sleep然后再用interrupt()停止,與之相反的操作在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中也要注意:
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????super.run();
          ????????try?{
          ????????????System.out.println("線程開(kāi)始。。。");
          ????????????for(int?i=0;?i<10000;?i++){
          ????????????????System.out.println("i="?+?i);
          ????????????}
          ????????????Thread.sleep(200000);
          ????????????System.out.println("線程結(jié)束。");
          ????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ?????????????System.out.println("先停止,再遇到sleep,進(jìn)入catch異常");
          ????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????}

          ????}
          }

          public?class?Run?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[]){
          ????????Thread?thread?=?new?MyThread();
          ????????thread.start();
          ????????thread.interrupt();
          ????}
          }
          運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
          i=9998
          i=9999
          先停止,再遇到sleep,進(jìn)入catch異常
          java.lang.InterruptedException:?sleep?interrupted
          ????at?java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native?Method)
          ????at?thread.MyThread.run(MyThread.java:15)

          5. 能停止的線程---暴力停止

          使用stop()方法停止線程則是非常暴力的。
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????private?int?i?=?0;
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????super.run();
          ????????try?{
          ????????????while?(true){
          ????????????????System.out.println("i="?+?i);
          ????????????????i++;
          ????????????????Thread.sleep(200);
          ????????????}
          ????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????}
          ????}
          }

          public?class?Run?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[])?throws?InterruptedException?{
          ????????Thread?thread?=?new?MyThread();
          ????????thread.start();
          ????????Thread.sleep(2000);
          ????????thread.stop();
          ????}
          }
          運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
          i=0
          i=1
          i=2
          i=3
          i=4
          i=5
          i=6
          i=7
          i=8
          i=9

          Process?finished?with?exit?code?0

          6.方法stop()與java.lang.ThreadDeath異常

          調(diào)用stop()方法時(shí)會(huì)拋出java.lang.ThreadDeath異常,但是通常情況下,此異常不需要顯示地捕捉。
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????private?int?i?=?0;
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????super.run();
          ????????try?{
          ????????????this.stop();
          ????????}?catch?(ThreadDeath?e)?{
          ????????????System.out.println("進(jìn)入異常catch");
          ????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????}
          ????}
          }

          public?class?Run?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[])?throws?InterruptedException?{
          ????????Thread?thread?=?new?MyThread();
          ????????thread.start();
          ????}
          }
          stop()方法以及作廢,因?yàn)槿绻麖?qiáng)制讓線程停止有可能使一些清理性的工作得不到完成。另外一個(gè)情況就是對(duì)鎖定的對(duì)象進(jìn)行了解鎖,導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)得不到同步的處理,出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)不一致的問(wèn)題。

          7. 釋放鎖的不良后果

          使用stop()釋放鎖將會(huì)給數(shù)據(jù)造成不一致性的結(jié)果。如果出現(xiàn)這樣的情況,程序處理的數(shù)據(jù)就有可能遭到破壞,最終導(dǎo)致程序執(zhí)行的流程錯(cuò)誤,一定要特別注意:
          public?class?SynchronizedObject?{
          ????private?String?name?=?"a";
          ????private?String?password?=?"aa";

          ????public?synchronized?void?printString(String?name,?String?password){
          ????????try?{
          ????????????this.name?=?name;
          ????????????Thread.sleep(100000);
          ????????????this.password?=?password;
          ????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????}
          ????}

          ????public?String?getName()?{
          ????????return?name;
          ????}

          ????public?void?setName(String?name)?{
          ????????this.name?=?name;
          ????}

          ????public?String?getPassword()?{
          ????????return?password;
          ????}

          ????public?void?setPassword(String?password)?{
          ????????this.password?=?password;
          ????}
          }

          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????private?SynchronizedObject?synchronizedObject;
          ????public?MyThread(SynchronizedObject?synchronizedObject){
          ????????this.synchronizedObject?=?synchronizedObject;
          ????}

          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????synchronizedObject.printString("b",?"bb");
          ????}
          }

          public?class?Run?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[])?throws?InterruptedException?{
          ????????SynchronizedObject?synchronizedObject?=?new?SynchronizedObject();
          ????????Thread?thread?=?new?MyThread(synchronizedObject);
          ????????thread.start();
          ????????Thread.sleep(500);
          ????????thread.stop();
          ????????System.out.println(synchronizedObject.getName()?+?"??"?+?synchronizedObject.getPassword());
          ????}
          }
          輸出結(jié)果:
          b??aa
          由于stop()方法以及在JDK中被標(biāo)明為“過(guò)期/作廢”的方法,顯然它在功能上具有缺陷,所以不建議在程序張使用stop()方法。

          8. 使用return停止線程

          將方法interrupt()與return結(jié)合使用也能實(shí)現(xiàn)停止線程的效果:
          public?class?MyThread?extends?Thread?{
          ????public?void?run(){
          ????????while?(true){
          ????????????if(this.isInterrupted()){
          ????????????????System.out.println("線程被停止了!");
          ????????????????return;
          ????????????}
          ????????????System.out.println("Time:?"?+?System.currentTimeMillis());
          ????????}
          ????}
          }

          public?class?Run?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String?args[])?throws?InterruptedException?{
          ????????Thread?thread?=?new?MyThread();
          ????????thread.start();
          ????????Thread.sleep(2000);
          ????????thread.interrupt();
          ????}
          }
          輸出結(jié)果:
          ...
          Time:?1467072288503
          Time:?1467072288503
          Time:?1467072288503
          線程被停止了!
          不過(guò)還是建議使用“拋異?!钡姆椒▉?lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)線程的停止,因?yàn)樵赾atch塊中還可以將異常向上拋,使線程停止事件得以傳播。

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