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          如何優(yōu)雅的統(tǒng)計(jì)代碼耗時(shí)?

          共 8158字,需瀏覽 17分鐘

           ·

          2022-05-19 22:17

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          閱讀本文大概需要 6 分鐘。
          來(lái)自:jitwxs.cn/5aa91d10.html
          今天,跟大家分享一下,如何在代碼中,統(tǒng)計(jì)接口耗時(shí),最優(yōu)雅,性能最高,接下來(lái)我將介紹4種統(tǒng)計(jì)方式。
          如果你有更好的方式,歡迎文末留言區(qū),交流。

          一、前言

          代碼耗時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)在日常開(kāi)發(fā)中算是一個(gè)十分常見(jiàn)的需求,特別是在需要找出代碼性能瓶頸時(shí)。
          可能也是受限于 Java 的語(yǔ)言特性,總覺(jué)得代碼寫起來(lái)不夠優(yōu)雅,大量的耗時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)代碼,干擾了業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。特別是開(kāi)發(fā)功能的時(shí)候,有個(gè)感受就是剛剛開(kāi)發(fā)完代碼很清爽優(yōu)雅,結(jié)果加了一大堆輔助代碼后,整個(gè)代碼就變得臃腫了,自己看著都挺難受。因此總想著能不能把這塊寫的更優(yōu)雅一點(diǎn),今天本文就嘗試探討下“代碼耗時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)”這一塊。
          在開(kāi)始正文前,先說(shuō)下前提,“代碼耗時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)”的并不是某個(gè)方法的耗時(shí),而是任意代碼段之間的耗時(shí)。這個(gè)代碼段,可能是一個(gè)方法中的幾行代碼,也有可能是從這個(gè)方法的某一行到另一個(gè)被調(diào)用方法的某一行,因此通過(guò) AOP 方式是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)需求的。

          二、常規(guī)方法

          2.1 時(shí)間差統(tǒng)計(jì)

          這種方式是最簡(jiǎn)單的方法,記錄下開(kāi)始時(shí)間,再記錄下結(jié)束時(shí)間,計(jì)算時(shí)間差即可。

          public?class?TimeDiffTest?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
          ????????final?long?startMs?=?TimeUtils.nowMs();

          ????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼

          ????????System.out.println("timeCost:?"?+?TimeUtils.diffMs(startMs));
          ????}
          }

          /*?output:
          timeCost:?5005
          */

          public?class?TimeUtils?{
          ????/**
          ?????*?@return?當(dāng)前毫秒數(shù)
          ?????*/

          ????public?static?long?nowMs()?{
          ????????return?System.currentTimeMillis();
          ????}

          ????/**
          ?????*?當(dāng)前毫秒與起始毫秒差
          ?????*?@param?startMillis?開(kāi)始納秒數(shù)
          ?????*?@return?時(shí)間差
          ?????*/

          ????public?static?long?diffMs(long?startMillis)?{
          ???????return?diffMs(startMillis,?nowMs());
          ????}
          }

          這種方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單,利于理解;缺點(diǎn)就是對(duì)代碼的侵入性較大,看著很傻瓜,不優(yōu)雅。

          2.2 StopWatch

          第二種方式是參考 StopWatch ,StopWatch 通常被用作統(tǒng)計(jì)代碼耗時(shí),各個(gè)框架和 Common 包都有自己的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

          public?class?TraceWatchTest?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
          ????????TraceWatch?traceWatch?=?new?TraceWatch();

          ????????traceWatch.start("function1");
          ????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
          ????????traceWatch.stop();

          ????????traceWatch.start("function2");
          ????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
          ????????traceWatch.stop();

          ????????traceWatch.record("function1",?1);?//?直接記錄耗時(shí)

          ????????System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(traceWatch.getTaskMap()));
          ????}
          }

          /*?output:
          {"function2":[{"data":1000,"taskName":"function2"}],"function1":[{"data":1000,"taskName":"function1"},{"data":1,"taskName":"function1"}]}
          */

          public?class?TraceWatch?{
          ????/**?Start?time?of?the?current?task.?*/
          ????private?long?startMs;

          ????/**?Name?of?the?current?task.?*/
          ????@Nullable
          ????private?String?currentTaskName;

          ????@Getter
          ????private?final?Map>?taskMap?=?new?HashMap<>();

          ????/**
          ?????*?開(kāi)始時(shí)間差類型指標(biāo)記錄,如果需要終止,請(qǐng)調(diào)用?{@link?#stop()}
          ?????*
          ?????*?@param?taskName?指標(biāo)名
          ?????*/

          ????public?void?start(String?taskName)?throws?IllegalStateException?{
          ????????if?(this.currentTaskName?!=?null)?{
          ????????????throw?new?IllegalStateException("Can't?start?TraceWatch:?it's?already?running");
          ????????}
          ????????this.currentTaskName?=?taskName;
          ????????this.startMs?=?TimeUtils.nowMs();
          ????}

          ????/**
          ?????*?終止時(shí)間差類型指標(biāo)記錄,調(diào)用前請(qǐng)確保已經(jīng)調(diào)用
          ?????*/

          ????public?void?stop()?throws?IllegalStateException?{
          ????????if?(this.currentTaskName?==?null)?{
          ????????????throw?new?IllegalStateException("Can't?stop?TraceWatch:?it's?not?running");
          ????????}
          ????????long?lastTime?=?TimeUtils.nowMs()?-?this.startMs;

          ????????TaskInfo?info?=?new?TaskInfo(this.currentTaskName,?lastTime);

          ????????this.taskMap.computeIfAbsent(this.currentTaskName,?e?->?new?LinkedList<>()).add(info);

          ????????this.currentTaskName?=?null;
          ????}

          ????/**
          ?????*?直接記錄指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù),不局限于時(shí)間差類型
          ?????*??@param?taskName?指標(biāo)名
          ?????*?@param?data?指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)
          ?????*/

          ????public?void?record(String?taskName,?Object?data)?{
          ????????TaskInfo?info?=?new?TaskInfo(taskName,?data);

          ????????this.taskMap.computeIfAbsent(taskName,?e?->?new?LinkedList<>()).add(info);
          ????}

          ????@Getter
          ????@AllArgsConstructor
          ????public?static?final?class?TaskInfo?{
          ????????private?final?String?taskName;

          ????????private?final?Object?data;
          ????}
          }

          我是仿照?org.springframework.util.StopWatch?的實(shí)現(xiàn),寫了 TraceWatch 類,這個(gè)方法提供了兩種耗時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法:
          通過(guò)調(diào)用?Start(name)?和?Stop()?方法,進(jìn)行耗時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)。通過(guò)調(diào)用?Record(name, timeCost),方法,直接記錄耗時(shí)信息。這種方式本質(zhì)上和“時(shí)間差統(tǒng)計(jì)”是一致的,只是抽取了一層,稍微優(yōu)雅了一點(diǎn)。
          注:你可以根據(jù)自己的業(yè)務(wù)需要,自行修改?TraceWatch?內(nèi)部的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu),我這里簡(jiǎn)單起見(jiàn),內(nèi)部的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)只是隨便舉了個(gè)例子。

          三、高級(jí)方法

          第二節(jié)提到的兩種方法,用大白話來(lái)說(shuō)都是“直來(lái)直去”的感覺(jué),我們還可以嘗試把代碼寫的更簡(jiǎn)便一點(diǎn)。

          3.1 Function

          在 jdk 1.8 中,引入了?java.util.function?包,通過(guò)該類提供的接口,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在指定代碼段的上下文執(zhí)行額外代碼的功能。

          public?class?TraceHolderTest?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
          ????????TraceWatch?traceWatch?=?new?TraceWatch();

          ????????TraceHolder.run(traceWatch,?"function1",?i?->?{
          ????????????try?{
          ????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
          ????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????????}
          ????????});

          ????????String?result?=?TraceHolder.run(traceWatch,?"function2",?()?->?{
          ????????????try?{
          ????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
          ????????????????return?"YES";
          ????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????????????return?"NO";
          ????????????}
          ????????});

          ????????TraceHolder.run(traceWatch,?"function1",?i?->?{
          ????????????try?{
          ????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
          ????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????????}
          ????????});

          ????????System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(traceWatch.getTaskMap()));
          ????}
          }

          /*?output:
          {"function2":[{"data":1004,"taskName":"function2"}],"function1":[{"data":1001,"taskName":"function1"},{"data":1002,"taskName":"function1"}]}
          */

          public?class?TraceHolder?{
          ????/**
          ?????*?有返回值調(diào)用
          ?????*/

          ????public?static??T?run(TraceWatch?traceWatch,?String?taskName,?Supplier?supplier)?{
          ????????try?{
          ????????????traceWatch.start(taskName);

          ????????????return?supplier.get();
          ????????}?finally?{
          ????????????traceWatch.stop();
          ????????}
          ????}

          ????/**
          ?????*?無(wú)返回值調(diào)用
          ?????*/

          ????public?static?void?run(TraceWatch?traceWatch,?String?taskName,?IntConsumer?function)?{
          ????????try?{
          ????????????traceWatch.start(taskName);

          ????????????function.accept(0);
          ????????}?finally?{
          ????????????traceWatch.stop();
          ????????}
          ????}
          }

          這里我利用了?Supplier?和?IntConsumer?接口,對(duì)外提供了有返回值和無(wú)返回值得調(diào)用,在 TraceHolder 類中,在核心代碼塊的前后,分別調(diào)用了前文的?TraceWatch?的方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了耗時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)的功能。

          3.2 AutoCloseable

          除了利用?Function?的特性,我們還可以使用 jdk 1.7 的?AutoCloseable?特性。說(shuō)?AutoCloseable?可能有同學(xué)沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò),但是給大家展示下以下代碼,就會(huì)立刻明白是什么東西了。
          //?未使用?AutoCloseable
          public?static?String?readFirstLingFromFile(String?path)?throws?IOException?{
          ????BufferedReader?br?=?null;
          ????try?{
          ????????br?=?new?BufferedReader(new?FileReader(path));
          ????????return?br.readLine();
          ????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{
          ????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????}?finally?{
          ????????if?(br?!=?null)?{
          ????????????br.close();
          ????????}
          ????}
          ????return?null;
          }

          //?使用?AutoCloseable
          public?static?String?readFirstLineFromFile(String?path)?throws?IOException?{
          ????try?(BufferedReader?br?=?new?BufferedReader(new?FileReader(path)))?{
          ????????return?br.readLine();
          ????}
          }
          在?try?后方可以加載一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了?AutoCloseable?接口的對(duì)象,該對(duì)象作用于整個(gè)?try?語(yǔ)句塊中,并且在執(zhí)行完畢后回調(diào)?AutoCloseable#close()?方法。
          讓我們對(duì) TraceWatch 類進(jìn)行改造:
          實(shí)現(xiàn)?AutoCloseable?接口,實(shí)現(xiàn)?close()?接口:

          @Override
          public?void?close()?{
          ????this.stop();
          }

          修改?start()?方法,使其支持鏈?zhǔn)秸{(diào)用:

          public?TraceWatch?start(String?taskName)?throws?IllegalStateException?{
          ????if?(this.currentTaskName?!=?null)?{
          ????????throw?new?IllegalStateException("Can't?start?TraceWatch:?it's?already?running");
          ????}
          ????this.currentTaskName?=?taskName;
          ????this.startMs?=?TimeUtils.nowMs();

          ????return?this;
          }
          public?class?AutoCloseableTest?{
          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
          ????????TraceWatch?traceWatch?=?new?TraceWatch();

          ????????try(TraceWatch?ignored?=?traceWatch.start("function1"))?{
          ????????????try?{
          ????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
          ????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????????}
          ????????}

          ????????try(TraceWatch?ignored?=?traceWatch.start("function2"))?{
          ????????????try?{
          ????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
          ????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????????}
          ????????}

          ????????try(TraceWatch?ignored?=?traceWatch.start("function1"))?{
          ????????????try?{
          ????????????????TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);?//?模擬業(yè)務(wù)代碼
          ????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
          ????????????????e.printStackTrace();
          ????????????}
          ????????}

          ????????System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(traceWatch.getTaskMap()));
          ????}
          }

          /*?output:
          {"function2":[{"data":1001,"taskName":"function2"}],"function1":[{"data":1002,"taskName":"function1"},{"data":1002,"taskName":"function1"}]}
          */

          四、總結(jié)

          本文列舉了四種統(tǒng)計(jì)代碼耗時(shí)的方法:
          • 時(shí)間差統(tǒng)計(jì)
          • StopWatch
          • Function
          • AutoCloseable
          列舉的方案是我目前能想到的方案。

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