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Redis?是一個(gè)?K-V?存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)，是一個(gè)高性能的?K-V?數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，是目前大規(guī)模使用的緩存中間件。單節(jié)點(diǎn)的Redis?已經(jīng)就達(dá)到了很高的性能，為了提高可用性我們可以使用?Redis?集群。

集群簡(jiǎn)介

Redis?集群是一個(gè)可以在多個(gè)?Redis?節(jié)點(diǎn)之間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)共享的設(shè)施（installation）。

Redis?集群不支持那些需要同時(shí)處理多個(gè)鍵的?Redis?命令，因?yàn)閳?zhí)行這些命令需要在多個(gè)?Redis?節(jié)點(diǎn)之間移動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)，并且在高負(fù)載的情況下，這些命令將降低?Redis?集群的性能，并導(dǎo)致不可預(yù)測(cè)的行為。

Redis?集群通過(guò)分區(qū)（partition）來(lái)提供一定程度的可用性（availability）：即使集群中有一部分節(jié)點(diǎn)失效或者無(wú)法進(jìn)行通訊，集群也可以繼續(xù)處理命令請(qǐng)求。

Redis?集群提供了以下兩個(gè)好處：

將數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)切分（split）到多個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的能力
當(dāng)集群中的一部分節(jié)點(diǎn)失效或者無(wú)法進(jìn)行通訊時(shí)，仍然可以繼續(xù)處理命令請(qǐng)求的能力

集群說(shuō)明

集群數(shù)據(jù)共享

Redis?集群使用數(shù)據(jù)分片（sharding）而非一致性哈希（consistency hashing）來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)：一個(gè)?Redis?集群包含?16384?個(gè)哈希槽（hash slot），數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的每個(gè)鍵都屬于這?16384?個(gè)哈希槽的其中一個(gè)，集群使用公式?CRC16(key) % 16384?來(lái)計(jì)算鍵?key?屬于哪個(gè)槽，其中?CRC16(key)?語(yǔ)句用于計(jì)算鍵?key?的?CRC16?校驗(yàn)和。

集群中的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)處理一部分哈希槽

一個(gè)集群可以有三個(gè)哈希槽，其中：

節(jié)點(diǎn)?A?負(fù)責(zé)處理?0?號(hào)至?5500?號(hào)哈希槽
節(jié)點(diǎn)?B?負(fù)責(zé)處理?5501?號(hào)至?11000?號(hào)哈希槽
節(jié)點(diǎn)?C?負(fù)責(zé)處理?11001?號(hào)至?16384?號(hào)哈希槽

集群中的主從復(fù)制

為了使得集群在一部分節(jié)點(diǎn)下線或者無(wú)法與集群的大多數(shù)（majority）節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行通訊的情況下，仍然可以正常運(yùn)作，Redis?集群對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)使用了主從復(fù)制功能：集群中的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都有?1?個(gè)至?N?個(gè)復(fù)制品（replica），其中一個(gè)復(fù)制品為主節(jié)點(diǎn)（master），而其余的?N-1?個(gè)復(fù)制品為從節(jié)點(diǎn)（slave）

集群?`TCP`?端口

每個(gè)?Redis Cluster?節(jié)點(diǎn)都需要?2?個(gè)?TCP?連接打開，正常的?Redis TCP?端口被服務(wù)于客戶端，例如：6379，加上通過(guò)增加?10000?到數(shù)據(jù)端口獲取的端口，例如：16379。

第二個(gè)高端口被用來(lái)?Redis Cluster Bus，也就是使用二進(jìn)制協(xié)議的一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)到節(jié)點(diǎn)的通信信道。Redis Cluster Bus?被節(jié)點(diǎn)用于故障檢測(cè)，配置更新，故障轉(zhuǎn)移授權(quán)等等。客戶端不應(yīng)該嘗試與?Redis Cluster Bus?端口進(jìn)行通信，而是始終使用正常的?Redis?命令端口，然而要確保在防火墻中打開兩個(gè)端口，否則?Redis Cluster?節(jié)點(diǎn)將無(wú)法通信。

命令端口和?Redis Cluster Bus?端口偏移是固定的，始終為?10000。

注意，為了使?Redis Cluster?正常工作，你需要為每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)：

用于客戶端進(jìn)行通信的普通客戶端通信端口（通常使用?6379）對(duì)所有需要到達(dá)集群的客戶端，以及所有其它集群節(jié)點(diǎn)（使用客戶端端口進(jìn)行密鑰遷移）都是開放的
Redis Cluster Bus?端口（客戶端端口?+10000）必須可從所有其它集群節(jié)點(diǎn)訪問(wèn)

如果不打開兩個(gè)?TCP?端口，集群將無(wú)法按預(yù)期工作

Redis Cluster Bus?使用不同的二進(jìn)制協(xié)議進(jìn)行節(jié)占到節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)交換，這更適合于使用少量的帶寬和處理時(shí)間交換節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的信息

安裝依賴

$ sudo gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3$ sudo curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable$ sudo source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm$ sudo echo "ruby_url=https://cache.ruby-china.org/pub/ruby" > ~/.rvm/user/db$ rvm -v$ sudo rvm install 2.4.1$ sudo gem update$ sudo gem install redis

集群配置

安裝 Redis

$ cd ~$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.9.tar.gz$ tar xzf redis-4.0.9.tar.gz$ cd redis-4.0.9$ sudo make

創(chuàng)建配置目錄

$ sudo mkdir -pv /usr/local/redis-cluster/{bin,etc,log,run,var}

創(chuàng)建配置文件

$ sudo cp ~/redis-4.0.9/redis.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf

復(fù)制命令文件

$ cd ~/redis-4.0.9/src/$ sudo cp mkreleasehdr.sh redis-benchmark redis-check-aof redis-check-rdb redis-sentinel redis-cli redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin

修改配置文件

$ sudo vim /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.confbind 192.168.33.110port 7001daemonize yes
pidfile /user/local/redis-cluster/run/7001.pidlogfile /usr/local/redis-cluster/log/7001.logdbfilename dump-7001.rdb
dir /usr/local/redis-cluster/var
appendonly yesappendfilename "appendonly-7001.aof"
cluster-enabled yescluster-config-file nodes-7001.confcluster-node-timeout 15000

復(fù)制配置文件

將復(fù)制后的文件中的?7001?換成相應(yīng)的名稱

$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7002.conf$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7003.conf$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7004.conf$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7005.conf$ sudo cp /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7006.conf

集群部署

啟動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)

// 啟動(dòng)配置的所有節(jié)點(diǎn)$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7001.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7002.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7003.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7004.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7005.conf$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-cluster/etc/redis-7006.conf

檢查服務(wù)

$ ps -ef | grep redisroot     20077     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:04 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7001 [cluster]root     20079     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7002 [cluster]root     20081     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7003 [cluster]root     20089     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7004 [cluster]root     20091     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7005 [cluster]root     20096     1  0 May18 ?        00:01:03 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 192.168.33.110:7006 [cluster]

停止節(jié)點(diǎn)

$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001 shutdown

節(jié)點(diǎn)加入集群

$ sudo cp ~/redis-4.0.9/src/redis-trib.rb /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-trib$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-trib$ sudo /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-trib create --replicas 1 \> 192.168.33.110:7001 \> 192.168.33.110:7002 \> 192.168.33.110:7003 \> 192.168.33.110:7004 \> 192.168.33.110:7005 \> 192.168.33.110:7006 \>>> Creating cluster>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...Using 3 masters:127.0.0.1:7001127.0.0.1:7002127.0.0.1:7003Adding replica 127.0.0.1:7005 to 127.0.0.1:7001Adding replica 127.0.0.1:7006 to 127.0.0.1:7002Adding replica 127.0.0.1:7004 to 127.0.0.1:7003>>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity[WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their masterM: 4ed7d8f54311fb883431c1c5a4715c1ae59d5215 127.0.0.1:7001   slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) masterM: 31030e4c35659d5de1146941a2d1f2c1524b53e9 127.0.0.1:7002   slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) masterM: 573752b8b0747bc2c7bb3e4a1edb0e467cfdef0e 127.0.0.1:7003   slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) masterS: 11f577639b081c1514f28a74764c9330d819dcb8 127.0.0.1:7004   replicates 573752b8b0747bc2c7bb3e4a1edb0e467cfdef0eS: ff6d7ca3ea29036385c89a5dc93f807f91307871 127.0.0.1:7005   replicates 4ed7d8f54311fb883431c1c5a4715c1ae59d5215S: a6f79f4d1de8d7bef4911e934b802829ed29a2d3 127.0.0.1:7006   replicates 31030e4c35659d5de1146941a2d1f2c1524b53e9Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes>>> Nodes configuration updated>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the clusterWaiting for the cluster to join..>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:7001)M: 4ed7d8f54311fb883431c1c5a4715c1ae59d5215 127.0.0.1:7001   slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master   1 additional replica(s)S: 11f577639b081c1514f28a74764c9330d819dcb8 127.0.0.1:7004   slots: (0 slots) slave   replicates 573752b8b0747bc2c7bb3e4a1edb0e467cfdef0eS: a6f79f4d1de8d7bef4911e934b802829ed29a2d3 127.0.0.1:7006   slots: (0 slots) slave   replicates 31030e4c35659d5de1146941a2d1f2c1524b53e9S: ff6d7ca3ea29036385c89a5dc93f807f91307871 127.0.0.1:7005   slots: (0 slots) slave   replicates 4ed7d8f54311fb883431c1c5a4715c1ae59d5215M: 31030e4c35659d5de1146941a2d1f2c1524b53e9 127.0.0.1:7002   slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master   1 additional replica(s)M: 573752b8b0747bc2c7bb3e4a1edb0e467cfdef0e 127.0.0.1:7003   slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master   1 additional replica(s)[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.>>> Check for open slots...>>> Check slots coverage...[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

啟動(dòng)腳本

$ sudo vim /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/start.sh#!/usr/bin/env bash
RedisServerPath=/usr/local/redis-cluster/binRedisConfPath=/usr/local/redis-cluster/etc
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6; do    $RedisServerPath/redis-server $RedisConfPath/redis-700$i.confdone
/usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 \192.168.33.110:7001 \192.168.33.110:7002 \192.168.33.110:7003 \192.168.33.110:7004 \192.168.33.110:7005 \192.168.33.110:7006 \$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/start.sh

停止腳本

$ sudo vim /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/stop.sh#!/usr/bin/env bash
RedisClusterPath=/usr/local/redis-clusterRedisCliPath=/usr/local/redis-cluster/binip=192.168.33.110
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6; do    $RedisCliPath/redis-cli -c -h $ip -p 700$i shutdowndone
rm -rf $RedisClusterPath/log/*rm -rf $RedisClusterPath/run/*rm -rf $RedisClusterPath/var/*$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/stop.sh

查看信息

$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001192.168.33.110:7001> cluster nodes # 查看節(jié)點(diǎn)信息5521b06a46910c873e7ee8a274f2cb9fc41ffed1 192.168.33.110:7003@17003 master - 0 1526681994008 3 connected 10923-163838153a1b35e0fab1e48f0171653f6cffd82cbc5a6 192.168.33.110:7004@17004 slave d7e0395152496f41fe73fbbdabc8499c79f6632e 0 1526681996033 4 connecteda2ff29661185f6ad17c99232d0490b3814ba0164 192.168.33.110:7006@17006 slave affc237bf177fd4ac591314736a1358e16545d0c 0 1526681995020 6 connectedd7e0395152496f41fe73fbbdabc8499c79f6632e 192.168.33.110:7002@17002 master - 0 1526681993000 2 connected 5461-109228b613e4b5abbdf3c2486dfcb8bc1e9dde1897820 192.168.33.110:7005@17005 slave 5521b06a46910c873e7ee8a274f2cb9fc41ffed1 0 1526681993000 5 connectedaffc237bf177fd4ac591314736a1358e16545d0c 192.168.33.110:7001@17001 myself,master - 0 1526681994000 1 connected 0-5460192.168.33.110:7001> cluster info # 查看集群信息cluster_state:okcluster_slots_assigned:16384cluster_slots_ok:16384cluster_slots_pfail:0cluster_slots_fail:0cluster_known_nodes:6cluster_size:3cluster_current_epoch:6cluster_my_epoch:1cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:59501cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:61755cluster_stats_messages_sent:121256cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:61750cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:59501cluster_stats_messages_meet_received:5cluster_stats_messages_received:121256

實(shí)例操作

客戶端操作

// 從某個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)置值后，去不同的節(jié)點(diǎn)獲取設(shè)置的值$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001192.168.33.110:7001> set foo bar-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003OK$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001192.168.33.110:7001> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7002192.168.33.110:7002> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7003192.168.33.110:7003> get foo"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7004192.168.33.110:7004> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7005192.168.33.110:7005> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7006192.168.33.110:7006> get foo-> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"bar"

程序操作

下載安裝

Flexible and feature-complete Redis client for PHP and HHVM
Quick tour

$ cd ~$ mkdir test$ cd test$ composer init$ composer install$ composer require predis/predis

測(cè)試代碼


require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
for ($i = 0; $i < 6; $i++) {    $parameters[] = [        'host'               => '192.168.33.110',        'port'               => '700' . $i,        'password'           => null,        'database'           => 0,        'timeout'            => 5,        'read_write_timeout' => 5,    ];}$options = ['cluster' => 'redis'];
try {    $cluster = new \Predis\Client($parameters, $options);} catch (\Predis\PredisException $e) {    echo $e->getMessage();    exit();}
for ($i = 1; $i < 100; $i++) {    $format = 'No.%s is a RedisCluster test.';    $cluster->set("$i", sprintf($format, $i));    echo $cluster->get("$i") . PHP_EOL;}

測(cè)試結(jié)果

$ php cluster.phpNo.1 is a Redis cluster test.No.2 is a Redis cluster test.No.3 is a Redis cluster test....No.99 is a Redis cluster test.
$ /usr/local/redis-cluster/bin/redis-cli -c -h 192.168.33.110 -p 7001192.168.33.110:7001> get 11"No.11 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7001> get 23-> Redirected to slot [9671] located at 192.168.33.110:7002"No.23 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 33"No.33 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 67"No.67 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 88-> Redirected to slot [15207] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"No.88 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7003> get 99-> Redirected to slot [6263] located at 192.168.33.110:7002"No.99 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 100-> Redirected to slot [339] located at 192.168.33.110:7001(nil)192.168.33.110:7001> get 17-> Redirected to slot [12304] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"No.17 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7003> get 42-> Redirected to slot [8000] located at 192.168.33.110:7002"No.42 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7002> get 56-> Redirected to slot [11509] located at 192.168.33.110:7003"No.56 is a RedisCluster test."192.168.33.110:7003> get 61-> Redirected to slot [2369] located at 192.168.33.110:7001"No.61 is a RedisCluster test."

Redis 集群搭建

集群簡(jiǎn)介

集群說(shuō)明

集群數(shù)據(jù)共享

集群中的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)處理一部分哈希槽

集群中的主從復(fù)制

集群?`TCP`?端口

安裝依賴

集群配置

安裝 Redis

創(chuàng)建配置目錄

創(chuàng)建配置文件

復(fù)制命令文件

修改配置文件

復(fù)制配置文件

集群部署

啟動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)

檢查服務(wù)

停止節(jié)點(diǎn)

節(jié)點(diǎn)加入集群

查看信息

相關(guān)命令

實(shí)例操作

客戶端操作

程序操作

下載安裝

測(cè)試代碼

測(cè)試結(jié)果

Redis 集群搭建

集群簡(jiǎn)介

集群說(shuō)明

集群數(shù)據(jù)共享

集群中的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)處理一部分哈希槽

集群中的主從復(fù)制

集群?TCP?端口

安裝依賴

集群配置

安裝 Redis

創(chuàng)建配置目錄

創(chuàng)建配置文件

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集群部署

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相關(guān)命令

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集群?`TCP`?端口