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文 |?閑歡??來(lái)源：Python 技術(shù)「ID: pythonall」

大家好，我是龍哥！

PySimpleGUI 是 python GUI 框架中的佼佼者，適用于快速生成簡(jiǎn)潔大方的 GUI。使用它來(lái)寫(xiě) GUI 已經(jīng)比較快了，那么還有沒(méi)有更快的方法嗎？

答案是肯定的，本文就為你揭曉！

GUI 實(shí)例

PySimpleGUI 在GitHub上的地址是：

https://github.com/PySimpleGUI/PySimpleGUI

大家可以訪問(wèn)看看，其首頁(yè)是這樣的：

有很多內(nèi)容是不是？

這里面有一個(gè)重要的內(nèi)容，在 DemoPrograms 文件夾下，這個(gè)文件夾是作者寫(xiě)的一些 demo 實(shí)例。作者真的是深諳我們這些懶蟲(chóng)的心理，即使有了這么簡(jiǎn)單好用的 GUI 框架，到了要寫(xiě)實(shí)例的時(shí)候，我們也可能會(huì)去網(wǎng)絡(luò)上搜索實(shí)例，然后采用 CV大法。框架作者可能料想到這一點(diǎn)，所以他自己寫(xiě)了很多不同的實(shí)例，讓你真正的拿來(lái)即用。

這個(gè)文件夾下大概有300多個(gè)實(shí)例，基本上可以囊括我們平時(shí)使用 python 寫(xiě) GUI 所能遇到的各種組件和布局了。

CV 幾個(gè)看看

有了這個(gè)神器，我們只需要把這個(gè) GitHub 上的項(xiàng)目給復(fù)制到本地，然后將這些實(shí)例運(yùn)行一遍，大致知道每個(gè)實(shí)例u哪些內(nèi)容。后續(xù)當(dāng)我們自己要寫(xiě) GUI 時(shí)，我們只需要找到對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)例，然后復(fù)制代碼就可以了。是不是很簡(jiǎn)單？

下面我來(lái)運(yùn)行幾個(gè) demo ，給大家展示一下這里面的實(shí)例都是什么樣子的。

聊天界面

我們先復(fù)制一下源碼：

#!/usr/bin/env?python
import?PySimpleGUI?as?sg

'''
A?chatbot?with?history
Scroll?up?and?down?through?prior?commands?using?the?arrow?keys
Special?keyboard?keys:
????Up?arrow?-?scroll?up?in?commands
????Down?arrow?-?scroll?down?in?commands
????Escape?-?clear?current?command
????Control?C?-?exit?form
'''


def?ChatBotWithHistory():
????#?-------??Make?a?new?Window??-------?#
????#?give?our?form?a?spiffy?set?of?colors
????sg.theme('GreenTan')

????layout?=?[[sg.Text('Your?output?will?go?here',?size=(40,?1))],
??????????????[sg.Output(size=(127,?30),?font=('Helvetica?10'))],
??????????????[sg.Text('Command?History'),
???????????????sg.Text('',?size=(20,?3),?key='history')],
??????????????[sg.ML(size=(85,?5),?enter_submits=True,?key='query',?do_not_clear=False),
???????????????sg.Button('SEND',?button_color=(sg.YELLOWS[0],?sg.BLUES[0]),?bind_return_key=True),
???????????????sg.Button('EXIT',?button_color=(sg.YELLOWS[0],?sg.GREENS[0]))]]

????window?=?sg.Window('Chat?window?with?history',?layout,
???????????????????????default_element_size=(30,?2),
???????????????????????font=('Helvetica',?'?13'),
???????????????????????default_button_element_size=(8,?2),
???????????????????????return_keyboard_events=True)

????#?---===---?Loop?taking?in?user?input?and?using?it??---?#
????command_history?=?[]
????history_offset?=?0

????while?True:
????????event,?value?=?window.read()

????????if?event?==?'SEND':
????????????query?=?value['query'].rstrip()
????????????#?EXECUTE?YOUR?COMMAND?HERE
????????????print('The?command?you?entered?was?{}'.format(query))
????????????command_history.append(query)
????????????history_offset?=?len(command_history)-1
????????????#?manually?clear?input?because?keyboard?events?blocks?clear
????????????window['query'].update('')
????????????window['history'].update('\n'.join(command_history[-3:]))
????????
????????elif?event?in?(sg.WIN_CLOSED,?'EXIT'):????????????#?quit?if?exit?event?or?X
????????????break
????????
????????elif?'Up'?in?event?and?len(command_history):
????????????command?=?command_history[history_offset]
????????????#?decrement?is?not?zero
????????????history_offset?-=?1?*?(history_offset?>?0)
????????????window['query'].update(command)
????????
????????elif?'Down'?in?event?and?len(command_history):
????????????#?increment?up?to?end?of?list
????????????history_offset?+=?1?*?(history_offset?-1)
????????????command?=?command_history[history_offset]
????????????window['query'].update(command)
????????
????????elif?'Escape'?in?event:
????????????window['query'].update('')


ChatBotWithHistory()

運(yùn)行一下，看看效果：

這是一個(gè)帶歷史記錄的聊天軟件，如果你需要做一個(gè)類似的軟件的話，可以直接復(fù)制代碼，然后稍微改動(dòng)一下。

組件大全

我們?cè)賮?lái)看一個(gè)例子：

#!/usr/bin/env?python
"""
????Example?of?(almost)?all?Elements,?that?you?can?use?in?PySimpleGUI.
????Shows?you?the?basics?including:
????????Naming?convention?for?keys
????????Menubar?format
????????Right?click?menu?format
????????Table?format
????????Running?an?async?event?loop
????????Theming?your?application?(requires?a?window?restart)
????????Displays?the?values?dictionary?entry?for?each?element
????????And?more!

????Copyright?2021?PySimpleGUI
"""

import?PySimpleGUI?as?sg

def?make_window(theme):
????sg.theme(theme)
????menu_def?=?[['&Application',?['E&xit']],
????????????????['&Help',?['&About']]?]
????right_click_menu_def?=?[[],?['Nothing','More?Nothing','Exit']]

????#?Table?Data
????data?=?[["John",?10],?["Jen",?5]]
????headings?=?["Name",?"Score"]

????input_layout?=??[[sg.Menu(menu_def,?key='-MENU-')],
????????????????[sg.Text('Anything?that?requires?user-input?is?in?this?tab!')],?
????????????????[sg.Input(key='-INPUT-')],
????????????????[sg.Slider(orientation='h',?key='-SKIDER-'),
?????????????????sg.Image(data=sg.DEFAULT_BASE64_LOADING_GIF,?enable_events=True,?key='-GIF-IMAGE-'),],
????????????????[sg.Checkbox('Checkbox',?default=True,?k='-CB-')],
????????????????[sg.Radio('Radio1',?"RadioDemo",?default=True,?size=(10,1),?k='-R1-'),?sg.Radio('Radio2',?"RadioDemo",?default=True,?size=(10,1),?k='-R2-')],
????????????????[sg.Combo(values=('Combo?1',?'Combo?2',?'Combo?3'),?default_value='Combo?1',?readonly=True,?k='-COMBO-'),
?????????????????sg.OptionMenu(values=('Option?1',?'Option?2',?'Option?3'),??k='-OPTION?MENU-'),],
????????????????[sg.Spin([i?for?i?in?range(1,11)],?initial_value=10,?k='-SPIN-'),?sg.Text('Spin')],
????????????????[sg.Multiline('Demo?of?a?Multi-Line?Text?Element!\nLine?2\nLine?3\nLine?4\nLine?5\nLine?6\nLine?7\nYou?get?the?point.',?size=(45,5),?k='-MLINE-')],
????????????????[sg.Button('Button'),?sg.Button('Popup'),?sg.Button(image_data=sg.DEFAULT_BASE64_ICON,?key='-LOGO-')]]

????asthetic_layout?=?[[sg.T('Anything?that?you?would?use?for?asthetics?is?in?this?tab!')],
???????????????[sg.Image(data=sg.DEFAULT_BASE64_ICON,??k='-IMAGE-')],
???????????????[sg.ProgressBar(1000,?orientation='h',?size=(20,?20),?key='-PROGRESS?BAR-'),?sg.Button('Test?Progress?bar')]]

????logging_layout?=?[[sg.Text("Anything?printed?will?display?here!")],?[sg.Output(size=(60,15),?font='Courier?8')]]
????
????graphing_layout?=?[[sg.Text("Anything?you?would?use?to?graph?will?display?here!")],
??????????????????????[sg.Graph((200,200),?(0,0),(200,200),background_color="black",?key='-GRAPH-',?enable_events=True)],
??????????????????????[sg.T('Click?anywhere?on?graph?to?draw?a?circle')],
??????????????????????[sg.Table(values=data,?headings=headings,?max_col_width=25,
????????????????????????????????background_color='black',
????????????????????????????????auto_size_columns=True,
????????????????????????????????display_row_numbers=True,
????????????????????????????????justification='right',
????????????????????????????????num_rows=2,
????????????????????????????????alternating_row_color='black',
????????????????????????????????key='-TABLE-',
????????????????????????????????row_height=25)]]

????specalty_layout?=?[[sg.Text("Any?\"special\"?elements?will?display?here!")],
??????????????????????[sg.Button("Open?Folder")],
??????????????????????[sg.Button("Open?File")]]
????
????theme_layout?=?[[sg.Text("See?how?elements?look?under?different?themes?by?choosing?a?different?theme?here!")],
????????????????????[sg.Listbox(values?=?sg.theme_list(),?
??????????????????????size?=(20,?12),?
??????????????????????key?='-THEME?LISTBOX-',
??????????????????????enable_events?=?True)],
??????????????????????[sg.Button("Set?Theme")]]
????
????layout?=?[[sg.Text('Demo?Of?(Almost)?All?Elements',?size=(38,?1),?justification='center',?font=("Helvetica",?16),?relief=sg.RELIEF_RIDGE,?k='-TEXT?HEADING-',?enable_events=True)]]
????layout?+=[[sg.TabGroup([[??sg.Tab('Input?Elements',?input_layout),
???????????????????????????????sg.Tab('Asthetic?Elements',?asthetic_layout),
???????????????????????????????sg.Tab('Graphing',?graphing_layout),
???????????????????????????????sg.Tab('Specialty',?specalty_layout),
???????????????????????????????sg.Tab('Theming',?theme_layout),
???????????????????????????????sg.Tab('Output',?logging_layout)]],?key='-TAB?GROUP-')]]
??????????????
????return?sg.Window('All?Elements?Demo',?layout,?right_click_menu=right_click_menu_def)


def?main():
????window?=?make_window(sg.theme())
????
????#?This?is?an?Event?Loop?
????while?True:
????????event,?values?=?window.read(timeout=100)
????????#?keep?an?animation?running?so?show?things?are?happening
????????window['-GIF-IMAGE-'].update_animation(sg.DEFAULT_BASE64_LOADING_GIF,?time_between_frames=100)
????????if?event?not?in?(sg.TIMEOUT_EVENT,?sg.WIN_CLOSED):
????????????print('============?Event?=?',?event,?'?==============')
????????????print('--------?Values?Dictionary?(key=value)?--------')
????????????for?key?in?values:
????????????????print(key,?'?=?',values[key])
????????if?event?in?(None,?'Exit'):
????????????print("[LOG]?Clicked?Exit!")
????????????break
????????elif?event?==?'About':
????????????print("[LOG]?Clicked?About!")
????????????sg.popup('PySimpleGUI?Demo?All?Elements',
?????????????????????'Right?click?anywhere?to?see?right?click?menu',
?????????????????????'Visit?each?of?the?tabs?to?see?available?elements',
?????????????????????'Output?of?event?and?values?can?be?see?in?Output?tab',
?????????????????????'The?event?and?values?dictionary?is?printed?after?every?event')
????????elif?event?==?'Popup':
????????????print("[LOG]?Clicked?Popup?Button!")
????????????sg.popup("You?pressed?a?button!")
????????????print("[LOG]?Dismissing?Popup!")
????????elif?event?==?'Test?Progress?bar':
????????????print("[LOG]?Clicked?Test?Progress?Bar!")
????????????progress_bar?=?window['-PROGRESS?BAR-']
????????????for?i?in?range(1000):
????????????????print("[LOG]?Updating?progress?bar?by?1?step?("+str(i)+")")
????????????????progress_bar.UpdateBar(i?+?1)
????????????print("[LOG]?Progress?bar?complete!")
????????elif?event?==?"-GRAPH-":
????????????graph?=?window['-GRAPH-']???????#?type:?sg.Graph
????????????graph.draw_circle(values['-GRAPH-'],?fill_color='yellow',?radius=20)
????????????print("[LOG]?Circle?drawn?at:?"?+?str(values['-GRAPH-']))
????????elif?event?==?"Open?Folder":
????????????print("[LOG]?Clicked?Open?Folder!")
????????????folder_or_file?=?sg.popup_get_folder('Choose?your?folder')
????????????sg.popup("You?chose:?"?+?str(folder_or_file))
????????????print("[LOG]?User?chose?folder:?"?+?str(folder_or_file))
????????elif?event?==?"Open?File":
????????????print("[LOG]?Clicked?Open?File!")
????????????folder_or_file?=?sg.popup_get_file('Choose?your?file')
????????????sg.popup("You?chose:?"?+?str(folder_or_file))
????????????print("[LOG]?User?chose?file:?"?+?str(folder_or_file))
????????elif?event?==?"Set?Theme":
????????????print("[LOG]?Clicked?Set?Theme!")
????????????theme_chosen?=?values['-THEME?LISTBOX-'][0]
????????????print("[LOG]?User?Chose?Theme:?"?+?str(theme_chosen))
????????????window.close()
????????????window?=?make_window(theme_chosen)

????window.close()
????exit(0)

if?__name__?==?'__main__':
????main()

我們來(lái)看看運(yùn)行之后的效果：

這個(gè) demo 是 PySimpleGUI 所有組件的集合，每一個(gè) tab 都是一個(gè)分類。這里面包括進(jìn)度條、畫(huà)布、主題、滾動(dòng)條等等。如果你想要找界面組件，到這個(gè) demo 的源碼里面找就對(duì)了。

總結(jié)

這里面還有更多實(shí)例，大家就自己去探索吧！這里主要是給大家介紹一個(gè)快速開(kāi)發(fā) GUI 的方法，俗稱CV大法。不過(guò)這只是一種快速開(kāi)發(fā)方式，大家有時(shí)間還是去看看源碼，了解一下原理比較好！

大家有什么需要探討的，可以在評(píng)論區(qū)留言！

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