市民社會史

Adam Ferguson(1723-1816)was one of the ccntral figures in the Scottish Enlightennent,His Essay on the History of Civil Society(first published i 1767)is a bold and novel attenpt to rechim the tradition of aitizenship and apply it to the modern travel literture,Ferguson offers a complex model of historical advance which challenges both Hume's and Smith's embrace of modernity and...

Adam Ferguson(1723-1816)was one of the ccntral figures in the Scottish Enlightennent,His Essay on the History of Civil Society(first published i 1767)is a bold and novel attenpt to rechim the tradition of aitizenship and apply it to the modern travel literture,Ferguson offers a complex model of historical advance which challenges both Hume's and Smith's embrace of modernity and the primitivisn of Rousseau.

Ferguaon conbines a subtle analysis of the energence of modern commercial society with a critique of its abandomment of civic and communal virture.Central to Ferguson's theory of Citizenship are the themes of confict,play,political participation and military valour.His fascination with the theory of unintended consequences as a model of historical causalith does not deter him form insisting on the irreplacealbe valur of individual,public-minded members of political society.

FANIA OZ-SALZBERGER is a lecturer in the Department of History at Haifa University.From 1990 to 1993 she was a research fellow at woliton College,Oxford.Her book Translating the Enlightenment was published in 1995 by Oxford University Press.

亞當(dāng)·弗格森(Adam Ferguson , 1723 - 1816) 是18 世紀(jì)蘇格蘭啟蒙運(yùn)動的主要思想家之一。18 世紀(jì), 在法國啟蒙運(yùn)動發(fā)生的同時(shí), 英倫北部的蘇格蘭有著另一場啟蒙運(yùn)動, 他們倡導(dǎo)的原則與法國思想有著很大的區(qū)別, 具體表現(xiàn)在: 他們幾乎一致反對自然狀態(tài)說和社會契約論, 對理性普遍采取低調(diào)態(tài)度或者有著不同的解釋, 強(qiáng)調(diào)情感的力量, 并從英國傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義出發(fā), 對社會變遷的原因和規(guī)律、對商業(yè)文明所面臨的新問題進(jìn)行了探索和解釋。其中著名的思想家有大衛(wèi)·休謨、亞當(dāng)·斯密等等, 在他們當(dāng)中, 亞當(dāng)·弗格森對新興的商業(yè)文明進(jìn)行了頗有先見的批判, 使他與休謨和斯密對近代商業(yè)文明的樂觀主義相區(qū)別開來, 也意味著弗格森的社會思想與蘇格蘭啟蒙運(yùn)動學(xué)術(shù)主流相左。