石松

Lycopodium japonicum Thunb. ex Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14. 944. 1784 (May-Jul.): B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 52. 1989: L. B. Zhang etH. S. Kung in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38 (3): 269. 2000. ——L. japonicum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 341. 1784 (Aug.): H. S. Kung in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18 (2): 238. 1980, et Fl. Sichuan. 6: 43, Pl. 10: 1-7. 1988: Fl. Fukien 1: 7. 1982: Ching in Acta Bot. Yun-nan. 4 (3): 219. 1982: Fl. Xizang. 1: 16. 1983: P. S. Wang et X. Y. Wang inGuizhou Sci. 1983 (2): 49. 1983: Dixit, Census Ind. Pterid. 9. 1984, et Lycop. Ind. 78, f. 18A-B. pl. V: f. 19. 1988: C. M. Kuo in Taiwania 30: 12. 1985: Fl. Anhui1: 23, f. 8, 1985: Bir et al. in Ind. Fern J, 6: 33. 1989: S. F. Wu in Shanghai Teach. Coil. Tech. 10 (2): 89. 1990: Fl. Fujian. rev. 1: 7. 1991: Manickam et Irudayaraj, Pterid. W, Ghats-S. Ind. 30. 1992: Fl. Xinjiang. 1: 5. 1992: P. S. Wang, Pterid. Fanjing Mt. 20. 1992: Fl. Jiangxi 1: 19. f. 2. 1993: Fl. Zhejiang 1: 8. f. 1-8. 1993: Fl. Dulongjiang Reg. 2. 1993: Keys Vasc. Pl. Wuling Mts. 6. 1995. ——Stachygy-nandrum japonicum (Thunb. ex Murray) P. Beauv. Prodr. Aeth. 113. 1805. ——L. divaricatum Wall. Cat. n. 13. 1828, nom. nud: Hook. et Grev. in Bot. Misc. 2: 377. 1831. ——L. cavatum L. var. uallichianum Spring, Monogr. Lycop. 1: 90. 1842: Nessel, Baerlappge. 296. 1939: Hand. -Mazz. Symb. 6: 4. 1929. ——L. clavatum L.var. niponicum Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39: 197. 1925: Ohwi, Fl. Jap. Pterid. 10. 1957: Tagawa, Col. Ill. Jap. Pterid. 12, Pl. 2: 11. 1959. ——L. simulans Ching etH. S. Kung ex Ching in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(3): 220. 1982: B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 71. 1989: Fl. Jiangxi 1: 19. 1993: Fl. Zhejiang 1: 8. 1993: Keys Vasc. Pl. Wuling Mts. 6. 1995. ——L. interjectum Ching et H. S. Kung exChing, l. c. 221: B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 51. 1989: C.M. Zhang, l. c. ——L. taliense Ching, l. c. : B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 73. 1989. ——L. pseudoclavatum Ching, l. c. 222: B. Ollg. in OperaBot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 64. 1989. ——L. pseudoclavatum Ching var. yunnanense Ching, l. c. 223. ——L. kinabaluense Ching, l. c. 223: B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 52. 1989. ——L. centro-chinense Ching, l. c. 224; B. OlIg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 37. 1989; Fl. Jiangxi 1: 19, f. 3. 1993. ——L. clavatum auct. non L. : C. B. Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 1: 5921880; Franch. Pl. David. 2: 147. 1888; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 210. 1901; Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 514. 1903, et in Bot. Gaz. 51: 347. 1911: Alderw, Malay. Fern-allies 46. 1915: Alston in Fl. Indo-Chine 7 (2): 553. 1951; S. H. Fu, Ill. Imporant Chinese Pl., Pterid. 4, f. 6. 1957: Mehra et Bir in Res. Bull. Pan-jab Univ. 15 (1-2): 102. 1964; Tagawa in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 2: 198. 1971; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 109. f. 217. 1972; De Vol in H. L. Li, Fl. Taiwan 1: 35, Pl. 5. 1975; K. Iwats. in Ohashi, Fl. E. Himal. 3: 166. 1975; Y. L. Chang et al, Sporae Pterid. Sin. 38, Pl. 2: 17-20. 1976; Fl. Jiangsu 1: 11, f. 3. 1977; Sen et Sen in Fern Gaz. 11 (6): 426, f. 5: s-z. 1978: Fl. Henan 1: 3, f. 3. 1981; Nakaike, N. Fl. Jap. Pterid. 17, f. 17a-c. 1982; K. Iwats., S. K. Wu et al., in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ.Tokyo III. 14: 12. 1986; K. Iwats., Ferns Fern Allies Jap. 46, Pl. 4: 1-2. 1992; Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mts. 1: 4. 1993: J. L. Tsai et W. C. Shieh in T. C. Huang, Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 1: 31, Pl. 4. 1994.

多年生土生植物。匍匐莖地上生，細(xì)長(zhǎng)橫走，2-3回分叉，綠色，被稀疏的葉；側(cè)枝直立，高達(dá)40厘米，多回二叉分枝，稀疏，壓扁狀 (幼枝圓柱狀) ，枝連葉直徑5-10毫米。葉螺旋狀排列，密集，上斜，披針形或線狀披針形，長(zhǎng)4-8毫米，寬0.3-0.6毫米，基部楔形，下延，無(wú)柄，先端漸尖，具透明發(fā)絲，邊緣全緣，草質(zhì)，中脈不明顯。孢子囊穗 (3) 4-8個(gè)集生于長(zhǎng)達(dá)30厘米的總柄，總柄上苞片螺旋狀稀疏著生，薄草質(zhì)，形狀如葉片；孢子囊穗不等位著生 (即小柄不等長(zhǎng)) ，直立，圓柱形，長(zhǎng)2-8厘米，直徑5-6毫米，具1-5厘米長(zhǎng)的長(zhǎng)小柄；孢子葉闊卵形，長(zhǎng)2.5-3.0毫米，寬約2毫米，先端急尖，具芒狀長(zhǎng)尖頭，邊緣膜質(zhì)，嚙蝕狀，紙質(zhì)；孢子囊生于孢子葉腋，略外露，圓腎形，黃色。

產(chǎn)全國(guó)除東北、華北以外的其他各省區(qū)。生于海拔100-3300米的林下、灌叢下、草坡、路邊或巖石上。日本、印度、緬甸、錫金、不丹、尼泊爾、越南、老撾、柬埔寨及南亞諸國(guó)有分布。模式標(biāo)本采自日本。

本種分枝間的角度是一極不穩(wěn)定的特征，葉形也稍有變化，可以為線形，也可以略寬，這與生境密切相關(guān)。因此，L. simulans Ching et H. S. Kung ex Ching，L. interjec-tum Ching et H. S. Kung ex Ching，L. taliense Ching，L. pseudoclavatum Ching，L.pseudoclavatum Ching var. yunnanense Ching，L. kinabaluense Ching，L. centro-chinenseChing都應(yīng)并入本種.

我國(guó)及亞洲東部至南部分布的石松L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray并不等于歐洲石松L. clavatum L.，而這樣的錯(cuò)誤尚見(jiàn)于最近的一些出版物中（如J. L. Tsai＆W.C. Shieh，1994: K. Iwatsuki，1992；T，Nakaike，1982等）。本種葉片全緣，每個(gè)孢子枝有孢子囊穗3-8個(gè)，不等位著生。