刺兒菜

Cirsium setosum (Willd.) MB., Fl. Taur.-cauc. 3: 560, 1819, p. p. excl. Pl. cauc.; DC., Prodr. 6: 643, 1837; Ldb., Fl. Alt. 4: 10, 1833; Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Manch. 447, 1939 et in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 5(5): 149, 1941; 東北植物檢索表, 412, 1959; Charadze in Fl. URSS 28: 210, 1963; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6:198, 1982; 石鑄, 植物分類(lèi)學(xué)報(bào) 22(6): 452, 1984——Serratula setosa Willd., Sp. Pl. 3(3): 1664, 1803 ——Cnicus setosus Bess., Prim. Fl. Galic. 2: 172, 1809 ——Cirsium laevigatum Tausch. in Flora 11: 483, 1828 (excl. syn. Gme.) ——C. arvense (L.) Scop. r. integrifolium Wimm. et Grab., Fl. Siles. 2(2): 92, 1829; Koch., Syn. Fl. Germ. et Helv. 400, 1837 ——C. segetum Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrag. 2: 110, 1833; DC., Prodr. 6: 643, 1837; Debeaux, Fl. Techef. 86, 1877 et Fl. Shanhai, 38, 1875 et Fl. Tientsin, 25, 1875; Diels in Engl., Bot.,Jahrb. Engler, 29: 628, 1901; Komar., Fl. Mansh. 747, 1907; Nakai, Fl. Koreana 110, 1923; Hsia in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 1: 68. 1931; Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 92, 1934; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 142, 1935; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1173, 1936; Kitag., Index Fl. Jehol. 54, 1936 et Lineam. Fl. Manch. 446, 1939;, 東北植物檢索表, 412, 1959; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 63, 1966; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 195, 1982——C. setosum (Wild)MB. β. subulatum Ldb.,Fl. Alt. 4:10, 1833——C. argunense DC., Prodr. 6: 644, 1837——C. arvense (L.) Scop. r. setosum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 735. 1845-1846; Ling in Contc. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3:143. 1935; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 51, 1966 ——C. arvense (L.) Scop. r. setosum subulatum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 735, 1845-1846 ——Cnicus arvensis Hoffm. γ. setosus (Ldb.) Maxim. is Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 19: 51, 1874; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 462, 1888 ——Carduus segetum (Bunge) Franch. in Noun. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 6: 57, 1883 (Pl. David. 1: 178, 1884) ——Cephalonoplos setosum (MB.) Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3:8, 1934 et in Mern. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13:135, 1937; 中國(guó)高等植物圖鑒, 4:609, 1975 ——C. segetum (Bunge) Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3:8, 1934 et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13: 137, 1937; 江蘇南部種子植物手冊(cè), 797, 1959; 中國(guó)高等植物圖鑒 4:608, 1975 ——Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. setosum f. albiflorum Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 1: 319, 1937 ——C. albiflorum (Kitag.) Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Manch. 447, 1939 ——Cnicus arvensis auct. non O. Hoffm. : Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Sco. 23: 460, 1888 ——Cirsium arvense auct. non (L.) Scop.: Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 92, 1934; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 51, 1966, p. p. ——C. arvense var. incanum auct. mon Ldb.: Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 143, 1935.

多年生草本。莖直立，高30-80（100-120）厘米，基部直徑3-5毫米，有時(shí)可達(dá)1厘米，上部有分枝，花序分枝無(wú)毛或有薄絨毛?；~和中部莖葉橢圓形、長(zhǎng)橢圓形或橢圓狀倒披針形，頂端鈍或圓形，基部楔形，有時(shí)有極短的葉柄，通常無(wú)葉柄，長(zhǎng)7-15厘米，寬1.5-10厘米，上部莖葉漸小，橢圓形或披針形或線狀披針形，或全部莖葉不分裂，葉緣有細(xì)密的針刺，針刺緊貼葉緣。或葉緣有刺齒，齒頂針刺大小不等，針刺長(zhǎng)達(dá)3.5毫米，或大部莖葉羽狀淺裂或半裂或邊緣粗大圓鋸齒，裂片或鋸齒斜三角形，頂端鈍，齒頂及裂片頂端有較長(zhǎng)的針刺，齒緣及裂片邊緣的針刺較短且貼伏。全部莖葉兩面同色，綠色或下面色淡，兩面無(wú)毛，極少兩面異色，上面綠色，無(wú)毛，下面被稀疏或稠密的絨毛而呈現(xiàn)灰色的，亦極少兩面同色，灰綠色，兩面被薄絨毛。頭狀花序單生莖端，或植株含少數(shù)或多數(shù)頭狀花序在莖枝頂端排成傘房花序。總苞卵形、長(zhǎng)卵形或卵圓形，直徑1.5-2厘米?？偘s6層，覆瓦狀排列，向內(nèi)層漸長(zhǎng)，外層與中層寬1.5-2毫米，包括頂端針刺長(zhǎng)5-8毫米；內(nèi)層及最內(nèi)層長(zhǎng)橢圓形至線形，長(zhǎng)1.1-2厘米，寬1-1.8毫米；中外層苞片頂端有長(zhǎng)不足0.5毫米的短針刺，內(nèi)層及最內(nèi)層漸尖，膜質(zhì)，短針刺。小花紫紅色或白色，雌花花冠長(zhǎng)2.4厘米，檐部長(zhǎng)6毫米，細(xì)管部細(xì)絲狀，長(zhǎng)18毫米，兩性花花冠長(zhǎng)1.8厘米，檐部長(zhǎng)6毫米，細(xì)管部細(xì)絲狀，長(zhǎng)1.2毫米。瘦果淡黃色，橢圓形或偏斜橢圓形，壓扁，長(zhǎng)3毫米，寬1.5毫米，頂端斜截形。冠毛污白色，多層，整體脫落；冠毛剛毛長(zhǎng)羽毛狀，長(zhǎng)3.5厘米，頂端漸細(xì)?；ü?-9月。

除西藏、云南、廣東、廣西外，幾遍全國(guó)各地。分布平原、丘陵和山地。生于山坡、河旁或荒地、田間，海拔170-2650米。歐洲東部、中部、蘇聯(lián)東、西西伯利亞及遠(yuǎn)東、蒙古、朝鮮、日本廣有分布。模式標(biāo)本采自波蘭。