薊屬

Mill., Gard. Dict. Arb. ed. 4, 1, 1754; emend. Scop., Fl. Carn. 355, 1760; Adans., Fam. 2: 116, p. p. 1763; Endl., Gen. Pl. 477, 1836—1840; DC., Prodr. 6: 634, 1837; Boiss., Fl. Or. 3: 523, p. p. 1875; O. Hoffm. in Pflanzenfam. 4(5): 322, p.p. 1893; Petrak in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35: 223, p. p. 1918; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13: 33, p. p. 1937; Charadze in Fl. URSS 28: 51, 1963 ——Cnicus L., Sp. Pl. 826, p. p. 1753; Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f., Gen, Pl. 2: 468, 1873——Carduus L., Sp. Pl. 820, p. p. 1753; Less., Syn. Comp. 9, p. p. 1832——Serratula L., Sp, Pl. 816, p. min. p. 1753——Ascalea Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 14, p. p. 1762 ——Cephalonolylos Neck., Elem. Bot. 1: 68, 1790 ——Echenais Cass. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 33, 1818, 4, 1820 et in Dict. Sc. Nat. 14: 170, 1819, 25: 226, 1822; DC., Prodr. 6: 660, 1837; Endl., Gen. pl. 479, 1836-1840——Orthocentron Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. 36: 480, 1825——Eriolapis Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. 36: 146, 1825——Onotrophe Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. 36: 145, 1825——Lophiolepis Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. 41: 313, 1826——Breea Less., Syn. Comp. 9, 1832——Sparioptilon Less., Syn. Copm. 10, 1832; DC., Prodr. 6: 621, 1837; Endl., Gen. Pl. 477, 1836-1840——Epitrachys C. Koch in Linnaea 24: 336, 1851——Subgen. Eusirsium Rouy in Bot Rev. Bot. Syst. G6ogr. Bot. 28, 1904.

一年生、二年生或多年生植物，無莖至高大草本，雌雄同株，極少異株。莖分枝或不分枝，葉無毛至有毛，邊緣有針刺。頭狀花序同型，或全部為兩性花或全部為雌花，直立，下垂或下傾，小、中等大小或更大，在莖枝頂端排成傘房花序、傘房圓錐花序、總狀花序或集成復(fù)頭狀花序，少有單生莖端?？偘褷?、卵圓狀、鐘狀或球形，無毛或被稀疏的蛛絲毛或蛛絲毛極稠密且膨松，或被多細(xì)胞的長節(jié)毛。總苞片多層，覆瓦狀排列或鑷合狀排列，邊緣全緣，無針刺或有緣毛狀針刺?；ㄍ斜怀砻艿拈L托毛。小花紅色、紅紫色，極少為黃色或白色的，檐部與細(xì)管部幾等長或細(xì)管部短,5裂，有時(shí)深裂幾達(dá)檐部的基部?；ńz分離，有毛或乳突，極少無毛；花藥基部附屬物撕裂?；ㄖ种坑忻h(huán)。瘦果光滑，壓扁，通常有縱條紋，頂端截形或斜截形，有果緣，基底著生面，平。冠毛多層，向內(nèi)層漸長，全部冠毛剛毛長羽毛狀，基部連合成環(huán)，整體脫落。

約250-300種，廣布?xì)W、亞、北非、北美和中美大陸。我國有50余種，分屬8個(gè)組中。

模式種：C. heterophyllum (L.) Hill