毛蕨
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2023-11-09 03:56
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 51: 714. 1937. nom. tant et in Nakai et Honda, Nova Fl. Jap. No. 4: 179. 1939; Holtt. in Journ. South. Afr. Bot. 40: 152. 1974 et Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1(5): 386. f. lr, 7 a-c. 1981; Kuo in H. L. Li et al., Fl. Taiwan 1: 410. Pl. 139. 1975; Edie, Ferns Hongk. 154. 1978; Johns et Clemesha, Austr. Ferns & Fern All. 123. f. 136. 1980; Jacobsen, Ferns & Fern All. South. Afr. 396. 1983; Tsai et Shieh in Fl. Taiwan 2ed 1: 372. Pl. 148. 1994. ——Pteris interrupta Willd in Phytogr. 1: 13. t. 10. 1794; Holtt. in Amer. Fern Journ. 63: 81. 1973. ——Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K. Iwats. in Journ. Jap, Bot. 38: 314. 1963. nom. tant.; Fosberg et Sachet, Smithson. Contr. Bot. 8: 8. 1972; Schelpe, Consp. Fl. Angol. Pterid. 157. 1977; Kramer, Pterid. Suriname 128. 1978; F. & F. All., Fl. Guatem. 2: 492. 1981; kuo in Taiwania 30: 27. 1985; Tagawa et K. Iwats., Fl. Thailand 3(3): 400. 1988. A. R. Sm. in Fl. North Amer. 217. 1994.——Cyclosorus gongylodes (Schkuhr) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 128. 1833; Farwell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 259. 1931; H. Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 51: 73. 1937 et in Nakai et Honda, Nova Fl. Jap. no. 4: 167. 1939; Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. Ser. 8: 186. 1938; Tard.-Blot in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 7: 72. 1938 et Fl. Madag. 288. 1958; Tard.-Blot et C. Chr., Fl. Indo-chine 7(2) 383. 1941, Holt., Fl. Mal. 2: Ferns Mal. 261. f. 148. 1945; 傅書遐, 中國主要植物圖說 (蕨類植物門) 140, 183. 1957; Steward, Manual Vasc. Pl. Lower Yangtze Valley China 49. 1958; Ching et S. H. Wu in W. Y. Chun et al., Fl. Hainan 1: 125. 1964; Ching in Y. L. Zhang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 280. f. 87 e, t. 62. 33-34. 1976.; Tagawa, Col. Ill. Jap. Pterid. 115. t. 45, f. 249. 1959; Shing in J. F. Cheng et G. F. Chu, Fl. Jiangxi 1: 208. f. 200. 1993.——Asplenium gongylodes Schkuhr, Krypt. Gewas. 1: 193. t. 133 c. 1809; Mett., Farngat. Pheg. u. Asid. n. 241. 1858.——Nephrodium gongylodes Schott, Gen. Fil, t. 10. 1834.——Dryopteris gongylodes O. Ktze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 811. 1891; C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 268. 1906. et Pterid. Madags. 49. 1932; v. A. v. R., Handb. Mal. Ferns 212. 1909; Sim, Ferns South. Mr. 97. 1915; Merr., Enum. Hainan Pl. In Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 1927; Masamune, Fl. Kainant. 15. 1934. ——Thelypteris gongylodes Small, Ferns SE States 248, 475. 1938; Tagawa et K. Iwats. in Southeast Asia St. 3(3): 79. 1965; 5: 68. 1967; K. Iwats., Ferns & Fern All. Jap. 214. Pl. 137. 5-6. 1992.——Dryopteris gongylodes var. hirsuta C. Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr. Ser. 7(10): 193. 1912; Bonaparte, Not. Pterid. pt. 7: 149. 1918.——Cyclosorus gongylodes var. hirsutus (Mett.) Farwell. in Amer. Mild. Nat. 12: 230. 1931; Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. ser. 8: 187. 1938. ——Aspidium unitum var. hirsutum Mett, in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. 1: 8. 1864.——Nephrodium propinquum R. Br., Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 148. 1810.——Dryopteris gongylode var. propinqua C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 268. 1906; Sim, Ferns South. Afr. 98. 1915; Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 89. 1863. ——Cyclosorus gongylodes var. glaber (Mett.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol Bot. ser. 8: 188. 1938; Tard. -Blot et C. Chr., Fl. Madag. 1: 389. 1958.——Aspidium unitum var. glabrum Mett., l. c. ——Nephrodium unitum var. β Hook. et Bak. l. c. ——Dryopteris gongylodes var. glabra C. Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr. ser. 7(10): 193. 1912.——Cyclosorus gongylodes var. glaber H. Ito in Nakai et Honda, Fl. Nova Jap. no. 4. 168. 1939.——Polypodium unitum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1326. 1759. quoad Burm. Zeyl. tantum. ——Aspidium unitum auct. non (L.) Sieb. 1858: Benth., Fl. Hongk. 456. 1861; Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss Ser. 2, 1: 1018. 1901. ——Nephrodium unitum auct. non (L.) R. Br.: Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 20: 31. 1906; Dunn & Tutch, Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. in Kew Bull. Add. ser. 10: 348. 1912. ——Polypodium secundum Wall. List n. 301. 1828. nom. nud.
植株高達(dá)130厘米。根狀莖橫走,粗約5毫米,黑色,連同葉柄基部偶有一二卵狀披針形鱗片。葉近生;葉柄長約70厘米,粗2-3毫米,基部黑褐色,向上漸變?yōu)楹潭捝?,幾光滑;葉片長約60厘米,寬20-25厘米,卵狀披針形或長圓披針形,先端漸尖,并具羽裂尾頭,基部不變狹,二回羽裂;羽片22-25對,頂生羽片長約5厘米,基部寬約1.8厘米,三角狀披針形,漸尖頭,基部闊楔形,柄長約5毫米,羽裂達(dá)2/3,側(cè)生中部羽片幾無柄,斜向上,互生(基部的對生),相距約2厘米,近線狀披針形,先端漸尖,基部楔形,對稱,羽裂達(dá)1/3;裂片約30對,斜展,長寬各約3-4毫米,三角形,尖頭。葉脈下面明顯,每裂片有側(cè)脈8-10對,基部一對斜展,其上側(cè)一脈出自主脈基部,下側(cè)一脈出自羽軸,二者先端交結(jié)成一個鈍三角形網(wǎng)眼,并自交結(jié)點向缺刻下的膜質(zhì)聯(lián)線伸出外行小脈;第二對側(cè)脈斜伸到膜質(zhì)聯(lián)線,在主脈兩側(cè)形成兩個斜長方形網(wǎng)眼;第三對側(cè)脈伸達(dá)缺刻以上的葉邊。葉近革質(zhì),干后褐綠色,上面光滑,下面沿各脈疏生柔毛及少數(shù)橙紅色小腺體,并沿羽軸有一二淡棕色鱗片;鱗片膜質(zhì),闊卵形,有緣毛。孢子囊群圓形,生于側(cè)脈中部,每裂片5-9對,下部1-2對不育,因此在羽軸兩側(cè)各形成一條不育帶;囊群蓋小,膜質(zhì),淡棕色,上面疏被白色柔毛,宿存,成熟時隱沒于囊群中。染色體2n=72,144。
產(chǎn)臺灣(臺北、臺中)、福建(廈門)、海南(瓊中、昌江)、廣東(廣州)、香港、廣西(臨桂)、江西(廬山南坡)。生山谷溪旁濕處,海拔達(dá)200-380米。也廣布于全世界熱帶和亞熱帶,向北經(jīng)日本至韓國(濟(jì)州島)。模式標(biāo)本采自印度。
根據(jù)Holttum 1971的研究,Cyclosorus interruptus(Willd.)H. Ito=Pteris inter-ruptus Willd(1794)和Cyclosorus gongylodes(Schkuhr)Link=Aspidium gongylodesSchkuhr 1809.二者的羽軸上均具鱗片,同為一種。因此后者為前者的異名。在此以前的一些作者(如Ching 1938,Holttum 1955等)所認(rèn)為的羽軸上無麟片,葉紙質(zhì)的C.interruputus實是C. terminans的錯誤鑒定(見上一種文獻(xiàn))。本種葉下毛被的多少有過渡現(xiàn)象,它和生態(tài)環(huán)境有一定的關(guān)系,在沒有探討清楚之前,暫不分為兩個變種。
