是怎么樣的SQL優(yōu)化能做到 900W+數(shù)據(jù),從17s到300ms?
作者丨Muscleape
jianshu.com/p/0768ebc4e28d
操作: 查詢條件放到子查詢中,子查詢只查主鍵ID,然后使用子查詢中確定的主鍵關(guān)聯(lián)查詢其他的屬性字段; 原理:
減少回表操作; 可參考《阿里巴巴Java開發(fā)手冊(泰山版)》第五章-MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫、(二)索引規(guī)約、第7條: 【推薦】利用延遲關(guān)聯(lián)或者子查詢優(yōu)化超多分頁場景。 說明:MySQL并不是挑過offeset行,而是取offset+N行,然后返回放棄前offset行,返回N行,那當(dāng)offset特別大的時候,效率就非常的底下,要么控制返回的總頁數(shù),要么對超過特定閾值的頁數(shù)進行SQL改寫。 正例:先快速定位需要獲取的id段,然后再關(guān)聯(lián): SELECT a.* FROM 表1 a,(select id from 表1 where 條件 LIMIT 100000,20) b where a.id = b.id;
-- 優(yōu)化前SQL
SELECT 各種字段
FROM `table_name`
WHERE 各種條件
LIMIT 0,10;
-- 優(yōu)化后SQL
SELECT 各種字段
FROM `table_name` main_tale
RIGHT JOIN
(
SELECT 子查詢只查主鍵
FROM `table_name`
WHERE 各種條件
LIMIT 0,10;
) temp_table ON temp_table.主鍵 = main_table.主鍵
Part1前言
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.17 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc test;
+--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| val | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| source | int(10) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
+--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from test;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 5242882 |
+----------+
1 row in set (4.25 sec)
mysql> select * from test where val=4 limit 300000,5;
+---------+-----+--------+
| id | val | source |
+---------+-----+--------+
| 3327622 | 4 | 4 |
| 3327632 | 4 | 4 |
| 3327642 | 4 | 4 |
| 3327652 | 4 | 4 |
| 3327662 | 4 | 4 |
+---------+-----+--------+
5 rows in set (15.98 sec)
mysql> select * from test a inner join (select id from test where val=4 limit 300000,5) b on a.id=b.id;
+---------+-----+--------+---------+
| id | val | source | id |
+---------+-----+--------+---------+
| 3327622 | 4 | 4 | 3327622 |
| 3327632 | 4 | 4 | 3327632 |
| 3327642 | 4 | 4 | 3327642 |
| 3327652 | 4 | 4 | 3327652 |
| 3327662 | 4 | 4 | 3327662 |
+---------+-----+--------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.38 sec)
Part2證實
select * from test where val=4 limit 300000,5是掃描300005個索引節(jié)點和300005個聚簇索引上的數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點,我們需要知道MySQL有沒有辦法統(tǒng)計在一個sql中通過索引節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點的次數(shù)。我先試了Handler_read_*系列,很遺憾沒有一個變量能滿足條件。
select * from test a inner join (select id from test where val=4 limit 300000,5); 之后,buffer pool中的數(shù)據(jù)頁的數(shù)量遠遠少于select * from test where val=4 limit 300000,5;對應(yīng)的數(shù)量,因為前一個sql只訪問5次數(shù)據(jù)頁,而后一個sql訪問300005次數(shù)據(jù)頁。
select * from test where val=4 limit 300000,5
mysql> select index_name,count(*) from information_schema.INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE where INDEX_NAME in('val','primary') and TABLE_NAME like '%test%' group by index_name;Empty set (0.04 sec)
mysql> select * from test where val=4 limit 300000,5;
+---------+-----+--------+
| id | val | source |
+---------+-----+--------+|
3327622 | 4 | 4 |
| 3327632 | 4 | 4 |
| 3327642 | 4 | 4 |
| 3327652 | 4 | 4 |
| 3327662 | 4 | 4 |
+---------+-----+--------+
5 rows in set (26.19 sec)
mysql> select index_name,count(*) from information_schema.INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE where INDEX_NAME in('val','primary') and TABLE_NAME like '%test%' group by index_name;
+------------+----------+
| index_name | count(*) |
+------------+----------+
| PRIMARY | 4098 |
| val | 208 |
+------------+----------+2 rows in set (0.04 sec)
select * from test a inner join (select id from test where val=4 limit 300000,5) ;為了防止上次試驗的影響,我們需要清空buffer pool,重啟mysql。
mysqladmin shutdown
/usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe &
mysql> select index_name,count(*) from information_schema.INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE where INDEX_NAME in('val','primary') and TABLE_NAME like '%test%' group by index_name;
Empty set (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from test a inner join (select id from test where val=4 limit 300000,5) b on a.id=b.id;
+---------+-----+--------+---------+
| id | val | source | id |
+---------+-----+--------+---------+
| 3327622 | 4 | 4 | 3327622 |
| 3327632 | 4 | 4 | 3327632 |
| 3327642 | 4 | 4 | 3327642 |
| 3327652 | 4 | 4 | 3327652 |
| 3327662 | 4 | 4 | 3327662 |
+---------+-----+--------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.09 sec)
mysql> select index_name,count(*) from information_schema.INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE where INDEX_NAME in('val','primary') and TABLE_NAME like '%test%' group by index_name;
+------------+----------+
| index_name | count(*) |
+------------+----------+
| PRIMARY | 5 |
| val | 390 |
+------------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
Part3
-End-
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