你還在使用 try-catch-finally 關(guān)閉資源?

熱文推薦：

• 塵埃落定！清華才子王垠加入華為職級22，前阿里P10趙海平加入字節(jié)跳動，職級或為4+
  
• 百度網(wǎng)盤“破解版”，Pandownload開發(fā)者被抓

作者：何甜甜在嗎
鏈接：https://juejin.im/post/5b8f9fa05188255c6f1df755

代碼一定得寫的優(yōu)雅一點！

你還在使用try-catch-finally關(guān)閉資源嗎，如果是，那么就有點out了。皮皮甜手把手教你使用?JDK7?引用的try-with-resource

JDK7之前資源的關(guān)閉姿勢：

/**
 * jdk7以前關(guān)閉流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceBefore7 {
    private static final String FileName = "file.txt";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream inputStream = null;

        try {
            inputStream = new FileInputStream(FileName);
            char c1 = (char) inputStream.read();
            System.out.println("c1=" + c1);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

try-with-resource Resource的定義：

所有實現(xiàn)了?java.lang.AutoCloseable[1]?接口（其中，它包括實現(xiàn)了?java.io.Closeable[2]?的所有對象），可以使用作為資源。簡單Demo進行證實：實現(xiàn)java.lang.AutoCloseable接口的Resource類：

/**
 * 資源類
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("hello");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Resource is closed");
    }
}

/**
 * jdk7及以后關(guān)閉流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
            resource.sayHello();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

hello
Resource is closed

當(dāng)存在多個打開資源的時候：資源二Resource2.java

/**
 * 資源2
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class Resource2 implements AutoCloseable {
    public void sayhello() {
        System.out.println("Resource say hello");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Resource2 is closed");
    }
}

測試類CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后關(guān)閉流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(Resource resource = new Resource(); Resource2 resource2 = new Resource2()) {
            resource.sayHello();
            resource2.sayhello();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印結(jié)果：

hello
Resource say hello
Resource2 is closed
Resource is closed

即使資源很多，代碼也可以寫的很簡潔，如果用JDK7之前的方式去關(guān)閉資源，那么資源越多，用fianl關(guān)閉資源時嵌套也就越多。

那么它的底層原理又是怎樣的呢，由皮皮甜獨家揭秘優(yōu)雅關(guān)閉資源背后的密碼秘密

查看編譯的class文件CloseResourceIn7.class：

public class CloseResourceIn7 {
    public CloseResourceIn7() {
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Resource resource = new Resource();
            Throwable var2 = null;

            try {
                resource.sayHello();
            } catch (Throwable var12) {
                var2 = var12;
                throw var12;
            } finally {
                if (resource != null) {
                    if (var2 != null) {
                        try {
                            resource.close();
                        } catch (Throwable var11) {
                            var2.addSuppressed(var11);
                        }
                    } else {
                        resource.close();
                    }
                }

            }
        } catch (Exception var14) {
            var14.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

可以發(fā)現(xiàn)編譯以后生成了try-catch-finally語句塊 finally中的var2.addSuppressed(var11);

是不是有疑問？其實這么做是為了處理異常屏蔽的，我們將代碼修改一下。

資源Resource.java

/**
 * 資源類
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
    public void sayHello() throws Exception {
        throw new Exception("Resource throw Exception");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        throw new Exception("Close method throw Exception");
    }
}

兩個方法里面都拋出異常

測試類CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后關(guān)閉流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            errorTest();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
        Resource resource = null;
        try {
            resource = new Resource();
            resource.sayHello();
        }

        finally {
            if (resource != null) {
                resource.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

打印結(jié)果：

java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
 at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
 at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:27)
 at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)

只打印了最后出現(xiàn)的異常【異常屏蔽】這樣會給開發(fā)人員排查錯誤帶來一定的困難 我們換成try-with-resource方法實現(xiàn)CloseResourceIn7.java

/**
 * jdk7及以后關(guān)閉流的方式
 *
 * @author hetiantian
 * */
public class CloseResourceIn7 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            errorTest();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
        try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
            resource.sayHello();
        }

    }
}

打印信息：

java.lang.Exception: Resource throw Exception
    at com.shuwen.Resource.sayHello(Resource.java:10)
  at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:20)
 at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)
  Suppressed: java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
      at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
     at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:21)
     ... 1 more

可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，異常信息中多了一個Suppressed的提示，告訴我們這個異常其實由兩個異常組成，Close method throw Exception這個異常是被Suppressed【屏蔽】的異常

參考資料

java.lang.AutoCloseable:?http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/AutoCloseable.html

如有收獲，歡迎「分享?」

「點贊」「評論?」

看完本文有收獲？請轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)分享給更多人

? 開發(fā)者全社區(qū)?