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          你還在使用 try-catch-finally 關(guān)閉資源?

          共 6087字,需瀏覽 13分鐘

           ·

          2020-06-26 23:22

          76e12187e9e4037d1326e144dac1f5bb.webp

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          作者:何甜甜在嗎
          鏈接:https://juejin.im/post/5b8f9fa05188255c6f1df755

          代碼一定得寫的優(yōu)雅一點(diǎn)!

          你還在使用try-catch-finally關(guān)閉資源嗎,如果是,那么就有點(diǎn)out了。皮皮甜手把手教你使用JDK7引用的try-with-resource

          JDK7之前資源的關(guān)閉姿勢(shì):

          /**
          * jdk7以前關(guān)閉流的方式
          *
          * @author hetiantian
          * */
          public class CloseResourceBefore7 {
          private static final String FileName = "file.txt";

          public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
          FileInputStream inputStream = null;

          try {
          inputStream = new FileInputStream(FileName);
          char c1 = (char) inputStream.read();
          System.out.println("c1=" + c1);
          } catch (IOException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          } finally {
          if (inputStream != null) {
          inputStream.close();
          }
          }
          }
          }

          JDK7及以后關(guān)閉資源的正確姿勢(shì)

          try-with-resource Resource的定義:

          所有實(shí)現(xiàn)了 java.lang.AutoCloseable[1] 接口(其中,它包括實(shí)現(xiàn)了 java.io.Closeable[2] 的所有對(duì)象),可以使用作為資源。簡(jiǎn)單Demo進(jìn)行證實(shí):實(shí)現(xiàn)java.lang.AutoCloseable接口的Resource類:

          /**
          * 資源類
          *
          * @author hetiantian
          * */
          public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
          public void sayHello() {
          System.out.println("hello");
          }

          @Override
          public void close() throws Exception {
          System.out.println("Resource is closed");
          }
          }

          測(cè)試類CloseResourceIn7.java

          /**
          * jdk7及以后關(guān)閉流的方式
          *
          * @author hetiantian
          * */
          public class CloseResourceIn7 {
          public static void main(String[] args) {
          try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
          resource.sayHello();
          } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          }
          }
          }

          打印結(jié)果:

          hello
          Resource is closed

          當(dāng)存在多個(gè)打開資源的時(shí)候:資源二Resource2.java

          /**
          * 資源2
          *
          * @author hetiantian
          * */
          public class Resource2 implements AutoCloseable {
          public void sayhello() {
          System.out.println("Resource say hello");
          }

          @Override
          public void close() throws Exception {
          System.out.println("Resource2 is closed");
          }
          }

          測(cè)試類CloseResourceIn7.java

          /**
          * jdk7及以后關(guān)閉流的方式
          *
          * @author hetiantian
          * */
          public class CloseResourceIn7 {
          public static void main(String[] args) {
          try(Resource resource = new Resource(); Resource2 resource2 = new Resource2()) {
          resource.sayHello();
          resource2.sayhello();
          } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          }
          }
          }

          打印結(jié)果:

          hello
          Resource say hello
          Resource2 is closed
          Resource is closed

          即使資源很多,代碼也可以寫的很簡(jiǎn)潔,如果用JDK7之前的方式去關(guān)閉資源,那么資源越多,用fianl關(guān)閉資源時(shí)嵌套也就越多。最近寫的這篇:寫了個(gè)全局變量的bug,也推薦看下。

          那么它的底層原理又是怎樣的呢,由皮皮甜獨(dú)家揭秘優(yōu)雅關(guān)閉資源背后的密碼秘密

          查看編譯的class文件CloseResourceIn7.class:

          public class CloseResourceIn7 {
          public CloseResourceIn7() {
          }

          public static void main(String[] args) {
          try {
          Resource resource = new Resource();
          Throwable var2 = null;

          try {
          resource.sayHello();
          } catch (Throwable var12) {
          var2 = var12;
          throw var12;
          } finally {
          if (resource != null) {
          if (var2 != null) {
          try {
          resource.close();
          } catch (Throwable var11) {
          var2.addSuppressed(var11);
          }
          } else {
          resource.close();
          }
          }

          }
          } catch (Exception var14) {
          var14.printStackTrace();
          }

          }
          }

          可以發(fā)現(xiàn)編譯以后生成了try-catch-finally語(yǔ)句塊 finally中的var2.addSuppressed(var11);

          是不是有疑問?其實(shí)這么做是為了處理異常屏蔽的,我們將代碼修改一下。

          資源Resource.java

          /**
          * 資源類
          *
          * @author hetiantian
          * */
          public class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
          public void sayHello() throws Exception {
          throw new Exception("Resource throw Exception");
          }

          @Override
          public void close() throws Exception {
          throw new Exception("Close method throw Exception");
          }
          }

          兩個(gè)方法里面都拋出異常

          測(cè)試類CloseResourceIn7.java

          /**
          * jdk7及以后關(guān)閉流的方式
          *
          * @author hetiantian
          * */
          public class CloseResourceIn7 {

          public static void main(String[] args) {
          try {
          errorTest();
          } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          }
          }

          private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
          Resource resource = null;
          try {
          resource = new Resource();
          resource.sayHello();
          }

          finally {
          if (resource != null) {
          resource.close();
          }
          }
          }
          }

          打印結(jié)果:

          java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
          at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
          at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:27)
          at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)

          只打印了最后出現(xiàn)的異?!井惓F帘巍窟@樣會(huì)給開發(fā)人員排查錯(cuò)誤帶來(lái)一定的困難 我們換成try-with-resource方法實(shí)現(xiàn)CloseResourceIn7.java

          /**
          * jdk7及以后關(guān)閉流的方式
          *
          * @author hetiantian
          * */
          public class CloseResourceIn7 {

          public static void main(String[] args) {
          try {
          errorTest();
          } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          }
          }

          private static void errorTest() throws Exception {
          try(Resource resource = new Resource()) {
          resource.sayHello();
          }

          }
          }

          打印信息:

          java.lang.Exception: Resource throw Exception
          at com.shuwen.Resource.sayHello(Resource.java:10)
          at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:20)
          at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.main(CloseResourceIn7.java:12)
          Suppressed: java.lang.Exception: Close method throw Exception
          at com.shuwen.Resource.close(Resource.java:15)
          at com.shuwen.CloseResourceIn7.errorTest(CloseResourceIn7.java:21)
          ... 1 more

          可以發(fā)現(xiàn),異常信息中多了一個(gè)Suppressed的提示,告訴我們這個(gè)異常其實(shí)由兩個(gè)異常組成,Close method throw Exception這個(gè)異常是被Suppressed【屏蔽】的異常

          怎么樣,是不是很簡(jiǎn)單呢,如果學(xué)會(huì)了話來(lái)個(gè)在看吧!68dbc8349d987130eba3676bc7070889.webp

          參考資料

          [1]

          java.lang.AutoCloseable: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/AutoCloseable.html

          [2]

          java.io.Closeable: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Closeable.html

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