深入源碼剖析 springboot bean的循環(huán)依賴
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作者 | wang03
來源 | urlify.cn/bMjuEz
本文基于springboot版本2.5.1
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
本文主要聚焦在循環(huán)依賴部分,主要用單例bean來進(jìn)行講解,其他bean實現(xiàn)的流程不會過多涉及。
1、什么叫循環(huán)依賴呢
簡單來說就是springboot容器中的多個bean,如A、B兩個bean,A有屬性B需要注入,B有屬性A需要注入,形成相互依賴的情況。
看下代碼,就是類似下面這種情況
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class ServiceA {
@Autowired
private ServiceB serviceB;
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class ServiceB {
@Autowired
private ServiceA serviceA;
}
上面有兩個bean,分別是ServiceA,ServiceB。ServiceA中需要注入ServiceB的實例,ServiceB中需要注入ServiceA的實例,這就是一種典型的循環(huán)依賴,其他還有方法參數(shù)循環(huán)依賴的場景等等,但是它們的內(nèi)部實現(xiàn)基本是一樣的。
2、具體出現(xiàn)循環(huán)依賴的代碼邏輯
(1)獲取bean的方法
在springboot中默認(rèn)的beanFactory是DefaultListableBeanFactory,在我們獲取bean對象的時候,如果bean對象存在就直接返回,如果不存在,就先創(chuàng)建bean對象再返回。
我們先看下我們獲取bean的常用方法都有哪些
public <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException
public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException
public <T> Map<String, T> getBeansOfType(@Nullable Class<T> type) throws BeansException
public Map<String, Object> getBeansWithAnnotation(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType)
public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException
常用的獲取bean的方法主要有上面幾個和它們的重載版本,對于第3行、第4行、第5行最終都會調(diào)用到第2行的方法來獲取bean。而它也會通過調(diào)用doGetBean(在AbstractBeanFactory這個類中)來獲取bean
public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
}
第1行的方法也會調(diào)用doGetBean來獲取bean
public <T> T getBean(String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object... args)
throws BeansException {
return doGetBean(name, requiredType, args, false);
}
所有最終獲取bean的方法都是
protected <T> T doGetBean(
String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
throws BeansException {
這個方法,這個方法是protected的,是不對外提供的。所以我們不能直接調(diào)用它,只能通過上面提供的5個方法來獲取bean對象。
(2)下面我們從doGetBean這里來看下serviceA創(chuàng)建的過程
protected <T> T doGetBean(
String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
throws BeansException {
//如果bean之前存在,這里返回的shareInstance就是非空,就會從后面的if分支中返回,如果bean之前不存在,就會執(zhí)行后面的bean創(chuàng)建及注入屬性的過程
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
......
//如果當(dāng)前不只是檢查,而且是創(chuàng)建bean,這個參數(shù)就是false,在這里就會做個bean創(chuàng)建的標(biāo)記,把beanName 加到alreadyCreated里面去
if (!typeCheckOnly) {
markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
}
//我們當(dāng)前要創(chuàng)建的bean是單例的,就會走到這里去,下面我們走到里面的調(diào)用去看看
// Create bean instance.
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
});
beanInstance = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
}
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
......
//這里會把當(dāng)前bean的名字加入到當(dāng)前正在創(chuàng)建的單例對象集合singletonsCurrentlyInCreation中
beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
......
try {
//這里就是調(diào)用上面的return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);這個方法,我們進(jìn)這里面去看看
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
newSingleton = true;
}
......
}
return singletonObject;
}
}
@Override
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
......
// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point, and
// clone the bean definition in case of a dynamically resolved Class
// which cannot be stored in the shared merged bean definition.
//在這里獲取要創(chuàng)建的bean的class對象
Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
......
try {
//調(diào)用這里來創(chuàng)建,我們再走到這里面去看看
//3個參數(shù)分別為
//1、beanName bean對象的名字
//2、mbdToUseRootBeanDefinition對象,可以認(rèn)為就是bean的元數(shù)據(jù)信息,包含bean的類對象,bean的類上注解,bean實際位置路徑等等
//3、args bean對象的構(gòu)造方法的實參,這里一般是空的
Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
return beanInstance;
}
......
}
protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
......
//真正創(chuàng)建bean對象是在這里,這里返回的instanceWrapper是bean對象的類實例的包裝對象BeanWrapper
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
//這里的bean就是實際創(chuàng)建的bean對象的類實例
Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
}
......
// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
//看上面的注釋大概也能明白, 大概意思就是早期的單例緩存,為了解決由 BeanFactoryAware等等觸發(fā)的循環(huán)依賴
//mbd.isSingleton() 表示bean是單例的(這個是bean對應(yīng)的類上的,默認(rèn)就是單例),
//this.allowCircularReferences 允許循環(huán)引用,這個是beanFactory的成員屬性,默認(rèn)也是true
//isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName) 表示是否在當(dāng)前正在創(chuàng)建的bean集合中。beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);我們在前面執(zhí)行過這句就加到正在創(chuàng)建的bean集合中了
//這里earlySingletonExposure 就是true了,會進(jìn)到if分支中
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
//這句主要是將將() -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean) 這個lambda表達(dá)式存儲到this.singletonFactories集合中
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}
// Initialize the bean instance.
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
//在這里就會進(jìn)行屬性填充,完成成員注入等等,也就是在這里serviceA這個bean會注入serviceB這個成員屬性,我們走進(jìn)這個方法去看看
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
......
}
......
return exposedObject;
}
protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {
......
if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
if (pvs == null) {
pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
}
//真正的屬性注入是在這里完成的,aop也是在這里來完成的。這里是獲取beanFactory中的InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor對bean對象進(jìn)行增強(qiáng)
//如果屬性注入用的是@Resource,就會用CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor來完成
//如果屬性注入用的是@Autowired,就會用AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor來完成
//如果是AOP 就會使用InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator來生成對應(yīng)的代理對象
//我們這里使用的是@Autowired,所以會用AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor來完成注入。我們走到它的postProcessProperties的去看看
for (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessorCache().instantiationAware) {
PropertyValues pvsToUse = bp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
......
}
@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
//這里主要是獲取bean的類屬性和方法上的org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired,org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value注解來進(jìn)行注入
InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
try {
//繼續(xù)進(jìn)去看看
metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
}
......
}
public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
......
//對每一個屬性分別進(jìn)行注入,繼續(xù)進(jìn)去
element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
}
}
}
@Override
protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
Field field = (Field) this.member;
Object value;
//如果之前緩存過就從緩存取,我們是第一次注入,所以之前沒有緩存,不會走這個分支
if (this.cached) {
try {
value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Unexpected removal of target bean for cached argument -> re-resolve
value = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);
}
}
else {
//會走這里來解析字段的值,再進(jìn)去
value = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);
}
if (value != null) {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
field.set(bean, value);
}
}
@Nullable
private Object resolveFieldValue(Field field, Object bean, @Nullable String beanName) {
//創(chuàng)建字段的包裝類DependencyDescriptor
DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
try {
//調(diào)用這里完成對應(yīng)字段值的查找,再進(jìn)去
value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
}
synchronized (this) {
//獲取到值之后,進(jìn)行緩存
if (!this.cached) {
......
}
this.cachedFieldValue = cachedFieldValue;
this.cached = true;
}
}
return value;
}
}
public Object resolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String requestingBeanName,
@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {
descriptor.initParameterNameDiscovery(getParameterNameDiscoverer());
if (Optional.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
return createOptionalDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
}
else if (ObjectFactory.class == descriptor.getDependencyType() ||
ObjectProvider.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
return new DependencyObjectProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
}
else if (javaxInjectProviderClass == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
return new Jsr330Factory().createDependencyProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
}
else {
//當(dāng)前的類是一個普通的class,會走到這里面,由于我們的bean沒有Lazy注解,所以這里返回時null,走到下面的if分支
Object result = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(
descriptor, requestingBeanName);
if (result == null) {
//在這里我們看下這里的入?yún)ⅰ?br> //descriptor是包含了需要注入的字段的信息。
//requestingBeanName是當(dāng)前正在創(chuàng)建的bean的名字serviceA,
//autowiredBeanNames是當(dāng)前需要注入的字段的對應(yīng)的bean的名字的集合,這里只有serviceB
//typeConverter這個是進(jìn)行注入時做類型轉(zhuǎn)換的,這里我們可以不用關(guān)注這個
result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
}
return result;
}
}
@Nullable
public Object doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName,
@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {
......
if (instanceCandidate instanceof Class) {
//又會調(diào)用到這里,我們再進(jìn)入到DependencyDescriptor的resolveCandidate去看看
//注意:這里的autowiredBeanName是我們需要注入的屬性名這里是serviceB
instanceCandidate = descriptor.resolveCandidate(autowiredBeanName, type, this);
}
......
}
public Object resolveCandidate(String beanName, Class<?> requiredType, BeanFactory beanFactory)
throws BeansException {
//看到?jīng)],到這里就出現(xiàn)循環(huán)調(diào)用了,到這里又會重新調(diào)用beanFactory.getBean("serviceB")去創(chuàng)建serviceB的bean對象,完成后注入到serivceA對應(yīng)的Bean上的屬性上來,這時代碼又會從本節(jié)開頭的位置開始執(zhí)行,先創(chuàng)建serviceB對象實例,再去注入serviceB對象的serviceA屬性。
//最終會執(zhí)行到beanFactory.getBean("serviceA")這里
return beanFactory.getBean(beanName);
}
就是下面圖的樣子
3、解決循環(huán)依賴的代碼實現(xiàn)
接著上面的beanFactory.getBean("serviceA")這行代碼我們繼續(xù)往下看
這次又會走到這里
protected <T> T doGetBean(
String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
throws BeansException {
//我們第二部分就是從這里開始的,又走回來了,但這次又會有所不同
String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
Object beanInstance;
// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
//這次我們這里返回的就不是空了,sharedInstance對象的值就是對應(yīng)serviceA的bean對象了,這次就會從if分支中返回,而之前我們不會進(jìn)這里的if分支而是進(jìn)入else分支導(dǎo)致后面出現(xiàn)了循環(huán)依賴的問題,這次我們進(jìn)到這個方法看看
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
}
else {
logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
}
beanInstance = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
}
@Nullable
public Object getSingleton(String beanName) {
//再點進(jìn)去
return getSingleton(beanName, true);
}
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
// Quick check for existing instance without full singleton lock
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
//這里由于當(dāng)前的serviceA bean還沒完成創(chuàng)建,所以這里singletonObject返回的是空,
//再看看 isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)這里,由于我們在創(chuàng)建serviceA過程中有這么一句beforeSingletonCreation(beanName)(不清楚這句的搜索下本文,上面就有講到),所有這個條件是true。這時我們就會進(jìn)入if分支中
if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
//由于我們是第一次進(jìn)入這里,所以this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName)返回的也是null
//我們的入?yún)?nbsp;allowEarlyReference是true,會繼續(xù)進(jìn)到這個if分支中
if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
// Consistent creation of early reference within full singleton lock
singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
//這里的singletonObject還是null,繼續(xù)進(jìn)到if分支
if (singletonObject == null) {
singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
//最終會走到這里,在創(chuàng)建serviceA對象之后,屬性注入之前,執(zhí)行了這句 addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean))(不清楚的搜索下本文,上面有說到),所以這里返回的singletonFactory是個lamdba表達(dá)式,getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean))附帶了3個參數(shù),第一個beanName是serivceA,mdb是對應(yīng)serviceA的附帶serviceA元數(shù)據(jù)信息的RootBeanDefinition對象,bean就是創(chuàng)建出來的serviceA對象
ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
if (singletonFactory != null) {
//這里就會調(diào)用getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean)對serviceA對象進(jìn)行一個getEarlyBeanReference增強(qiáng)后返回,返回后放置到earlySingletonObjects中,并從singletonFactories中刪除
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
this.earlySingletonObjects中,并從.put(beanName, singletonObject);
this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
}
}
}
}
}
}
return singletonObject;
}
最終在serviceA 這個bean創(chuàng)建完成后,就會從singletonsCurrentlyInCreation移除掉
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
......
finally {
//在這里從singletonsCurrentlyInCreation中移除掉
afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
}
if (newSingleton) {
//將serviceA bean對象添加到singletonObjects,registeredSingletons中
//從singletonFactories,earlySingletonObjects中移除掉
addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
}
}
return singletonObject;
}
}
所以整個獲取serviceA的流程就是這樣了,
1、首先去創(chuàng)建serviceA這個bean,
由于它有個屬性serviceB,在創(chuàng)建完serviceA對象后,就會去進(jìn)行serviceB的屬性注入,
這時由于serviceB之前沒有生成,這時又會去創(chuàng)建serviceB這個bean,
先創(chuàng)建serviceB對象,然后再進(jìn)行serviceA這個屬性的注入,
繼續(xù)去獲取serviceA這個bean,第二次進(jìn)入獲取serviceA的流程,這時從之前緩存的lambda表達(dá)式中獲取到之前創(chuàng)建的serviceA的引用返回。
2、總結(jié)下關(guān)鍵的代碼點
創(chuàng)建bean對象之前調(diào)用beforeSingletonCreation(beanName)將bean對象名字添加到singletonsCurrentlyInCreation集合中
創(chuàng)建bean對象對應(yīng)的類實例后調(diào)用addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));添加到singletonFactories中
在循環(huán)依賴中第二次調(diào)用到創(chuàng)建bean對象時,調(diào)用getSingleton(beanName, true)時,從singletonFactories中返回對應(yīng)的早期bean對象的引用,并添加到earlySingletonObjects中


