別人的電子書,你的電子書,都在bookdown
bookdown是著名R包作者謝益輝開發(fā)的,支持采用Rmarkdown (R代碼可以運(yùn)行)或普通markdown編寫文檔,然后編譯成HTML, WORD, PDF, Epub等格式。樣式清新,使用簡(jiǎn)單,值得擁有。(點(diǎn)擊閱讀原文,跳轉(zhuǎn)博客,所有外鏈可點(diǎn))
在Bookdown的官網(wǎng),有很多免費(fèi)的用bookdown寫的R書籍,如Hadley Wickham等撰寫的《R for Data Science》,Roger D. Peng撰寫的《R Programming for Data Science》, 陳總的《液體活檢口袋書》,益輝的《R語(yǔ)言忍者秘笈》,《單細(xì)胞數(shù)據(jù)整體分析流程》https://hemberg-lab.github.io/scRNA.seq.course/index.html (初學(xué)單細(xì)胞分析可以完全照著這個(gè),在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中改進(jìn),我們也做了部分翻譯Hemberg-lab單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)分析(一))。
還有很多基于Bookdown的教程,一時(shí)也想不起來(lái),歡迎大家補(bǔ)充。我們前面轉(zhuǎn)錄組和R培訓(xùn)的教案也是用bookdown寫作的,后續(xù)再調(diào)整下格式,出一批電子書和紙質(zhì)書,有意向和需求的歡迎聯(lián)系。
下面分2步講述,自己如何構(gòu)建一個(gè)Bookdown書籍,第一部分是通過(guò)bookdown示例了解其基本功能和使用,第二部分是個(gè)人在使用過(guò)程中碰到的問(wèn)題和解決方式。
基本使用
安裝必須軟件
Rstudio或Pandoc二選一, bookdown必須安裝。
Install
Rstudio (version>1.0.0)(安裝和使用見Rstudio)Install
Pandoc (version>1.17.0.2)或者參照here。如果系統(tǒng)新,可以直接使用系統(tǒng)自帶的yum或apt-get;如果沒(méi)有權(quán)限或系統(tǒng)比較老,Pandoc的安裝可以使用conda,具體配置見Conda配置,配置好運(yùn)行conda install -c conda-forge pandoc即可安裝。In R
install.packages("bookdown")
Demo示例
克隆或下載https://github.com/rstudio/bookdown-demo示例文件,編譯成功后,依葫蘆畫葫蘆修改.
編譯成書
運(yùn)行下載的示例中的bash _build.sh,_book目錄下就是成書.
The content of _build.sh is:
#!/bin/sh
Rscript -e "bookdown::render_book('index.Rmd', 'bookdown::gitbook')"
# 生成pdf需要安裝好latex,如果不需要可以注釋掉
Rscript -e "bookdown::render_book('index.Rmd', 'bookdown::pdf_book')"
在前面的內(nèi)容運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來(lái)后,再看后面的內(nèi)容。
Customize our bookdown
準(zhǔn)備Rmd文件
基本規(guī)則
一個(gè)典型的
bookdown文檔包含多個(gè)章節(jié),每個(gè)章節(jié)在一個(gè)R Markdown文件里面 (文件的語(yǔ)法可以是pandoc支持的markdown語(yǔ)法,但后綴必須為Rmd)。每一個(gè)章節(jié)都必須以
# Chapter title開頭。后面可以跟一段概括性語(yǔ)句,概述本章的內(nèi)容,方便理解,同時(shí)也防止二級(jí)標(biāo)題出現(xiàn)在這一頁(yè)。默認(rèn)系統(tǒng)會(huì)按照文件名的順序合并Rmd文件。另外章節(jié)的順序也可在
_bookdown.yml文件中通過(guò)rmd_files:["file1.Rmd", "file2.Rmd", ..]指定。如果有
index.Rmd,index.Rmd總是出現(xiàn)在第一個(gè)位置。通常index.Rmd里面也需要有一章節(jié),如果不需要對(duì)這一章節(jié)編號(hào)的話,可以寫作# Preface {-}, 關(guān)鍵是{-}。在第一個(gè)出現(xiàn)的
Rmd文件中 (通常是index.Rmd),可以定義Pandoc相關(guān)的YAML metadata, 比如標(biāo)題、作者、日期等 (去掉#及其后的內(nèi)容)。```
title: "My book"
author: #可以寫多行信息,都會(huì)被當(dāng)做Author處理
- "CT"
- "CY"
- "[email protected]"
date: "`r Sys.Date()`"
documentclass: article #可以為book或article
# 如果需要引用參考文獻(xiàn),則添加下面三行內(nèi)容
bibliography: [database.bib] #指定存儲(chǔ)參考文獻(xiàn)的bib文件,endote或zotero都可以導(dǎo)出這種引文格式
biblio-style: apalike #設(shè)定參考文獻(xiàn)顯示類型
link-citations: yes
```
```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, fig.align="center", out.width="95%", fig.pos='H')
knitr::opts_chunk$set(cache = FALSE, autodep=TRUE)
set.seed(0304)
```
~~~~~~
插入并引用圖片(外部圖片)
插入圖片最好使用knitr::include_graphics,可以同時(shí)適配HTML和PDF輸出。另外當(dāng)目錄下同時(shí)存在name1.png和name1.pdf文件時(shí),會(huì)自動(dòng)選擇在HTML展示name1.png文件,在PDF輸出中引入name1.pdf格式的文件。
圖的標(biāo)簽為fig-name(不能有下劃線),在引用時(shí)需使用如下格式\@ref(fig:fig-name),且fig.cap也要設(shè)置內(nèi)容。
多張圖可以同時(shí)展示,圖的名字以vector形式傳給include_graphics,需要設(shè)置out.width=1/number-pics 和 fig.show="hold"。
Insert a single pic and refer as Figure \@ref(fig:fig-name). `echo=FALSE` will hide the code block and display the output of `r` command only. These options can be set globally as indicated below.
```{r fig-name, fig.cap="Markdown supported string as caption", fig.align="center", echo=FALSE}
knitr::include_graphics("images/1.png")
```
Suppose we have 3 pictures in `images` folder with names as `Fig1_a`, `Fig1_b`, `Fig1_c`, we can refer to them using Figure \@ref(fig:fig1).
```{r fig1, fig.cap="3 sub-plots.", fig.align="center", out.width=33%, fig.show="hold"}
fig1 = list.files("images", pattern="Fig1_.*", full.names=T)
knitr::include_graphics(fig1)
```
Another way of including two pics.
```{r fig-name2, out.width="49%", fig.show="hold", fig.cap="Markdown supported string as caption", fig.align="center", echo=FALSE}
knitr::include_graphics(c("images/1.png", "images/2.png"))
```
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
如果圖或表的標(biāo)題中有Markdown語(yǔ)法,輸出為HTML時(shí)是可以正確解析的,但是輸出為PDF時(shí)卻不可以。這時(shí)可以使用Text Reference。當(dāng)圖或表的標(biāo)題太長(zhǎng)時(shí),也可以使用Text Reference引用一段話作為圖和表的標(biāo)題。
Here is normal text.
(ref:pic-label) This line can be referred in **fig.cap** and markdown syntax is supported for both `HTML` and `PDF` output.
```{r pic-label, fig.cap="(ref:pic-label)"}
knitr::include_graphics("images/1.png")
```
~
輸出PDF時(shí)不支持使用在線圖片,可以加一個(gè)判斷。
```{r fig-name, fig.cap="Markdown supported string as caption", fig.align="center", echo=FALSE}
if (!file.exists(cover_file <- 'cover.jpg')){
download.file(url, cover_file, mode = 'wb')
}
knitr::include_graphics(if (identical(knitr:::pandoc_to(), 'html')) url else cover_file)
```
插入并引用表格(外部表格)
外部表格的名字中必須包含tab:, 然后是表格的實(shí)際名字,格式為(\#tab:table-name); 引用時(shí)使用Table \@ref(tab:table-name)。表格名字中不能有下劃線。
Check Table \@ref(tab:seq-sum) for detail.
Table: (\#tab:seq-sum) Summary of sequencing reads 測(cè)序量總結(jié) (對(duì)于雙端測(cè)序, *\_1* 表示左端reads, *\_2* 表示右端reads)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample Total reads Total bases Sequence length (nt) GC content (%) Encoding
-------- ------------- --------------- ---------------------- ---------------- -----------------------
T8_1 37,106,941 5,566,036,721 138-150 47 Sanger / Illumina 1.9
T8_2 37,106,941 5,566,034,285 138-150 47 Sanger / Illumina 1.9
----------------------------------------------------------------------
插入并引用表格(內(nèi)部表格)
插入表格推薦使用knitr::kable,只要提供數(shù)據(jù)矩陣,用r讀取就可以了。
Check Table \@ref(tab:table-id) for detail.
```{r table-id, include=FALSE}
a <- as.data.frame(matrix(rnorm(20), nrow=4))
knitr::kable(a, caption="Test table", booktabs=TRUE)
```
~
插入腳注
text^[footnote] is used to get the footnote.
where `type` may be `article`, `book`, `manual`, and so on.^[The type name is case-insensitive, so it does not matter if it is `manual`, `Manual`, or `MANUAL`.]
插入引文
假如我們的bib文件中內(nèi)容如下,如果我們要引用這個(gè)文章,只要寫 [@chen_m6a_2015]就可以了。
@article{chen_m6a_2015,
title = {m6A {RNA} {Methylation} {Is} {Regulated} by {MicroRNAs} and {Promotes} {Reprogramming} to {Pluripotency}},
volume = {16},
issn = {1934-5909, 1875-9777},
url = {http://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/abstract/S1934-5909(15)00017-X},
doi = {10.1016/j.stem.2015.01.016},
language = {English},
number = {3},
urldate = {2016-12-08},
journal = {Cell Stem Cell},
author = {Chen, Tong and Hao, Ya-Juan and Zhang, Ying and Li, Miao-Miao and Wang, Meng and Han, Weifang and Wu, Yongsheng and Lv, Ying and Hao, Jie and Wang, Libin and Li, Ang and Yang, Ying and Jin, Kang-Xuan and Zhao, Xu and Li, Yuhuan and Ping, Xiao-Li and Lai, Wei-Yi and Wu, Li-Gang and Jiang, Guibin and Wang, Hai-Lin and Sang, Lisi and Wang, Xiu-Jie and Yang, Yun-Gui and Zhou, Qi},
month = mar,
year = {2015},
pmid = {25683224},
pages = {289--301},
}
準(zhǔn)備YML配置文件
_bookdown.yml
配置輸入和輸出文件參數(shù)。
book_filename: "輸出文件的名字"
output_dir: "輸出目錄的名字,默認(rèn)_book"
language:
ui:
chapter_name: ""
_output.yml
配置產(chǎn)生輸出文件的命令行參數(shù)。
bookdown::pdf_book:
template: ehbio.tex #使用自己定制的pandoc latex模板
includes: # or only customize part latex module
in_header: preamble.tex
before_body: latex/before_body.tex
after_body: latex/after_body.tex
latex_engine: xelatex
citation_package: natbib
keep_tex: yes
pandoc_args: --chapters
toc_depth: 3
toc_unnumbered: no
toc_appendix: yes
quote_footer: ["\\VA{", "}{}"]
bookdown::epub_book:
stylesheet: css/style.css
bookdown::gitbook:
css: style.css
split_by: section
config:
toc:
collapse: none
before: | #設(shè)置toc開頭和結(jié)尾的鏈接
after: |
[email protected]
download: [pdf, epub, mobi]
edit: https://github.com/rstudio/bookdown/edit/master/inst/examples/%s
sharing:
twitter: no
github: no
facebook: no
其它定制
不同的文件分別用于
html和pdf輸出# in _bookdown.yml
rmd_files:
html: ["index.Rmd", "file2.Rmd"]
latex: ["index_pdf.Rmd", "file3.Rmd"]
# Different render way
#!/bin/sh
Rscript -e "bookdown::render_book('index.Rmd', 'bookdown::gitbook')"
Rscript -e "bookdown::render_book('index_pdf.Rmd', 'bookdown::pdf_book')"配置全局變量自適應(yīng)
HTML和PDF輸出```{r setup, include=FALSE}
library(knitr)
output <- opts_knit$get("rmarkdown.pandoc.to")
html = FALSE
latex = FALSE
opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, fig.align="center", fig.show="hold")
if (output=="html") {
html = TRUE
}
if (output=="latex") {
opts_chunk$set(out.width="95%", out.height='0.7\\textheight', out.extra='keepaspectratio', fig.pos='H')
latex = TRUE
}
#knitr::opts_chunk$set(cache = FALSE, autodep=TRUE)
set.seed(0304)
```
Below text will only appear in HTML output.
```{asis, echo=html}
# EHBIO Gene Technology {-}
```
Below command will only be executed and displayed in HTML output.
```{r cover, eval=html, out.width="99%"}
knitr::include_graphics("ehbio/cover.png")
```
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~保留生成的markdown文件
# add below lines to last Rmd file
```{r, include=FALSE}
file.rename(from="bookdown_file_name.md", to="bookdown_file_name.saved.md")
```
~~~~~~~~~~~包含子文件 (subfile.txt)
```{r child="subfile.txt"}
```
~~~~~~cahce external file ref
```{r mtime-func}
mtime <- function(files){
lapply(Sys.glob(files), function(x) file.info(x)$mtime)
}
```
```{r mtime-usage, cache=T, cache.extra=mtime(c("file1", "file2", file3))}
file3 <- paste0(dir, '/', name)
data1 <- read.table("file1")
data2 <- read.table("file2")
```
~~~
預(yù)覽生成的WEB文件
如果沒(méi)有安裝Rstudio,可以在生成的book目錄(有index.html的目錄)下運(yùn)行python -m SimpleHTTPServer 11521 (11521為端口號(hào),一般選較大值避免沖突), 然后就可以在瀏覽器輸入網(wǎng)址http://server-ip:11521來(lái)訪問(wèn)了。
References
https://bookdown.org/yihui/bookdown/get-started.html
https://github.com/rstudio/bookdown/tree/master/inst/examples
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25236850/how-to-set-different-global-options-in-knitr-and-rstudio-for-word-and-html
Multiple output with different configs https://github.com/yihui/knitr/issues/1145
Multiple output with different configs https://github.com/yihui/knitr/issues/114://github.com/rstudio/rmarkdown/issues/614
Citation style http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/authoring_bibliographies_and_citations.html
Save markdown http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19989325/knit-rmd-file-to-md-and-save-the-md-file-one-level-up-with-a-different-name
PDF online pic http://www.pzhao.org/zh/post/bookdown-tips/
往期精品(點(diǎn)擊圖片直達(dá)文字對(duì)應(yīng)教程)
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