.NET 6 新特性 PeriodicTimer
.NET 6 新特性 PeriodicTimer
Intro
.NET 6 中引入了一個新的 Timer —— ?System.Threading.PeriodicTimer,和之前的幾個 Timer 相比一個最大的區(qū)別就是,新的 PeriodicTimer 的事件處理可以比較方便地使用異步方式,消除了使用 callback 的機制,減少了使用的復(fù)雜度。
Sample
來看一個使用示例:
using?var?cts?=?new?CancellationTokenSource();
Console.CancelKeyPress?+=?(sender,?e)?=>
{
????e.Cancel?=?true;
????cts.Cancel();
};
using?var?timer?=?new?PeriodicTimer(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
try
{
????while?(await?timer.WaitForNextTickAsync(cts.Token))
????{
????????Console.WriteLine($"Timed?event?triggered({DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss})");
????}
}
catch?(OperationCanceledException)
{
????Console.WriteLine("Operation?cancelled");
}
通常 PeriodicTimer 可以結(jié)合 CancellationToken 一起使用,和 CancellationToken 一起用的時候需要注意,如果 cancellationToken 被取消的時候會拋出一個 OperationCanceledException 需要考慮自己處理異常
除此之外如果 PeriodicTimer 被 Dispose,這個 timer 就相當(dāng)于是失效的,并且無法重新恢復(fù),來看下面這個示例:
var?timer1?=?new?PeriodicTimer(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
timer1.Dispose();
if?(await?timer1.WaitForNextTickAsync())
{
????Console.WriteLine("Timer1?event?triggered");
}
上面這樣的一段代碼,在 WaitForNextTickAsync 之前就已經(jīng)調(diào)用了 Dispose(),此時 WaitForNextTickAsync 方法會始終返回 false ,所以 Console.WriteLine 的邏輯也不會被執(zhí)行
我們之前會嘗試使用 Timer 來做一些后臺任務(wù),可以改造成使用新的 PeriodicTimer 來實現(xiàn),小示例如下:
public?abstract?class?TimerScheduledService?:?BackgroundService
{
????private?readonly?PeriodicTimer?_timer;
????private?readonly?TimeSpan?_period;
????protected?readonly?ILogger?Logger;
????protected?TimerScheduledService(TimeSpan?period,?ILogger?logger)
????{
????????Logger?=?logger;
????????_period?=?period;
????????_timer?=?new?PeriodicTimer(_period);
????}
????protected?override?async?Task?ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken?stoppingToken)
????{
????????try
????????{
????????????while?(await?_timer.WaitForNextTickAsync(stoppingToken))
????????????{
????????????????try
????????????????{
????????????????????Logger.LogInformation("Begin?execute?service");
????????????????????await?ExecuteInternal(stoppingToken);
????????????????}
????????????????catch?(Exception?ex)
????????????????{
????????????????????Logger.LogError(ex,?"Execute?exception");
????????????????}
????????????????finally
????????????????{
????????????????????Logger.LogInformation("Execute?finished");
????????????????}
????????????}
????????}
????????catch?(OperationCanceledException?operationCancelledException)
????????{
????????????Logger.LogWarning(operationCancelledException,?"service?stopped");
????????}
????}
????protected?abstract?Task?ExecuteInternal(CancellationToken?stoppingToken);
????public?override?Task?StopAsync(CancellationToken?cancellationToken)
????{
????????Logger.LogInformation("Service?is?stopping.");
????????_timer.Dispose();
????????return?base.StopAsync(cancellationToken);
????}
}
實現(xiàn)示例如下:
public?class?TimedHealthCheckService?:?TimerScheduledService
{
????public?TimedHealthCheckService(ILogger?logger )?:?base(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),?logger)
????{
????}
????protected?override?Task?ExecuteInternal(CancellationToken?stoppingToken)
????{
????????Logger.LogInformation("Executing...");
????????return?Task.CompletedTask;
????}
}
運行輸出如下:

More
新的 PeriodicTimer 相比之前的幾個 Timer 來說,有下面幾個特點
沒有 callback 來綁定事件 不會發(fā)生重入,只允許有一個消費者,不允許同一個 PeriodicTimer在不同的地方同時WaitForNextTickAsync,不需要自己做排他鎖來實現(xiàn)不能重入異步化,之前的幾個 timer 的 callback 都是同步的,使用新的 timer我們可以更好的使用異步方法,避免寫 Sync over Async 之類的代碼Dispose()之后,該實例就無法再使用,WaitForNextTickAsync始終返回false
最后來做一個題目,把第一個示例改造一下,最終代碼如下:
using?var?cts?=?new?CancellationTokenSource();
cts.CancelAfter(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
using?var?timer?=?new?PeriodicTimer(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
try
{
????while?(await?timer.WaitForNextTickAsync(cts.Token))
????{
????????await?Task.Delay(5000);
????????Console.WriteLine($"Timed?event?triggered({DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss})");
????}
}
catch?(OperationCanceledException)
{
????Console.WriteLine("Operation?cancelled");
}
猜一下輸出結(jié)果是什么,Timed event triggered 會輸出幾次

References
https://www.ilkayilknur.com/a-new-modern-timer-api-in-dotnet-6-periodictimer https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.threading.periodictimer?view=net-6.0 https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/v6.0.0/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/PeriodicTimer.cs https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/31525 https://github.com/WeihanLi/SamplesInPractice/blob/master/net6sample/PeriodicTimerSample/Program.cs https://github.com/OpenReservation/ReservationServer/blob/dev/OpenReservation.Helper/Services/CronScheduleServiceBase.cs#L91
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