感受 lambda 之美!
今日推薦
程序員被公司辭退12天,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要求回公司講代碼
批處理框架 Spring Batch 這么強(qiáng),你會用嗎?
一、引言
二、Java重要的函數(shù)式接口
1、什么是函數(shù)式接口
1.1 java8自帶的常用函數(shù)式接口。

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Predicate<Integer> predicate = x -> x > 185;
Student student = new Student("9龍", 23, 175);
System.out.println(
"9龍的身高高于185嗎?:" + predicate.test(student.getStature()));
Consumer<String> consumer = System.out::println;
consumer.accept("命運由我不由天");
Function<Student, String> function = Student::getName;
String name = function.apply(student);
System.out.println(name);
Supplier<Integer> supplier =
() -> Integer.valueOf(BigDecimal.TEN.toString());
System.out.println(supplier.get());
UnaryOperator<Boolean> unaryOperator = uglily -> !uglily;
Boolean apply2 = unaryOperator.apply(true);
System.out.println(apply2);
BinaryOperator<Integer> operator = (x, y) -> x * y;
Integer integer = operator.apply(2, 3);
System.out.println(integer);
test(() -> "我是一個演示的函數(shù)式接口");
}
/**
* 演示自定義函數(shù)式接口使用
*
* @param worker
*/
public static void test(Worker worker) {
String work = worker.work();
System.out.println(work);
}
public interface Worker {
String work();
}
}
//9龍的身高高于185嗎?:false
//命運由我不由天
//9龍
//10
//false
//6
//我是一個演示的函數(shù)式接口以上演示了lambda接口的使用及自定義一個函數(shù)式接口并使用。下面,我們看看java8將函數(shù)式接口封裝到流中如何高效的幫助我們處理集合。
示例:本篇所有示例都基于以下三個類。OutstandingClass:班級;Student:學(xué)生;SpecialityEnum:特長。
1.2 惰性求值與及早求值
2、常用的流
2.1 collect(Collectors.toList())
public class TestCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> studentList = Stream.of(new Student("路飛", 22, 175),
new Student("紅發(fā)", 40, 180),
new Student("白胡子", 50, 185)).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(studentList);
}
}
//輸出結(jié)果
//[Student{name='路飛', age=22, stature=175, specialities=null},
//Student{name='紅發(fā)', age=40, stature=180, specialities=null},
//Student{name='白胡子', age=50, stature=185, specialities=null}]2.2 filter

比如我們篩選出出身高小于180的同學(xué)。
public class TestCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
students.add(new Student("路飛", 22, 175));
students.add(new Student("紅發(fā)", 40, 180));
students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));
List<Student> list = students.stream()
.filter(stu -> stu.getStature() < 180)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(list);
}
}
//輸出結(jié)果
//[Student{name='路飛', age=22, stature=175, specialities=null}]2.3 map
轉(zhuǎn)換功能,內(nèi)部就是Function接口。惰性求值

public class TestCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
students.add(new Student("路飛", 22, 175));
students.add(new Student("紅發(fā)", 40, 180));
students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));
List<String> names = students.stream().map(student -> student.getName())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(names);
}
}
//輸出結(jié)果
//[路飛, 紅發(fā), 白胡子]2.4 flatMap

public class TestCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
students.add(new Student("路飛", 22, 175));
students.add(new Student("紅發(fā)", 40, 180));
students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));
List<Student> studentList = Stream.of(students,
asList(new Student("艾斯", 25, 183),
new Student("雷利", 48, 176)))
.flatMap(students1 -> students1.stream()).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(studentList);
}
}
//輸出結(jié)果
//[Student{name='路飛', age=22, stature=175, specialities=null},
//Student{name='紅發(fā)', age=40, stature=180, specialities=null},
//Student{name='白胡子', age=50, stature=185, specialities=null},
//Student{name='艾斯', age=25, stature=183, specialities=null},
//Student{name='雷利', age=48, stature=176, specialities=null}]2.5 max和min
public class TestCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
students.add(new Student("路飛", 22, 175));
students.add(new Student("紅發(fā)", 40, 180));
students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));
Optional<Student> max = students.stream()
.max(Comparator.comparing(stu -> stu.getAge()));
Optional<Student> min = students.stream()
.min(Comparator.comparing(stu -> stu.getAge()));
//判斷是否有值
if (max.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(max.get());
}
if (min.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(min.get());
}
}
}
//輸出結(jié)果
//Student{name='白胡子', age=50, stature=185, specialities=null}
//Student{name='路飛', age=22, stature=175, specialities=null}max、min接收一個Comparator(例子中使用java8自帶的靜態(tài)函數(shù),只需要傳進(jìn)需要比較值即可。)并且返回一個Optional對象,該對象是java8新增的類,專門為了防止null引發(fā)的空指針異常。
2.6 count
統(tǒng)計功能,一般都是結(jié)合filter使用,因為先篩選出我們需要的再統(tǒng)計即可。及早求值
public class TestCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
students.add(new Student("路飛", 22, 175));
students.add(new Student("紅發(fā)", 40, 180));
students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));
long count = students.stream().filter(s1 -> s1.getAge() < 45).count();
System.out.println("年齡小于45歲的人數(shù)是:" + count);
}
}
//輸出結(jié)果
//年齡小于45歲的人數(shù)是:22.7 reduce

public class TestCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer reduce = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4).reduce(0, (acc, x) -> acc+ x);
System.out.println(reduce);
}
}
//輸出結(jié)果
//10三、高級集合類及收集器
3.1 轉(zhuǎn)換成值
收集器,一種通用的、從流生成復(fù)雜值的結(jié)構(gòu)。只要將它傳給 collect 方法,所有的流就都可以使用它了。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類庫已經(jīng)提供了一些有用的收集器,以下示例代碼中的收集器都是從 java.util.stream.Collectors 類中靜態(tài)導(dǎo)入的。
public class CollectorsTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> students1 = new ArrayList<>(3);
students1.add(new Student("路飛", 23, 175));
students1.add(new Student("紅發(fā)", 40, 180));
students1.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));
OutstandingClass ostClass1 = new OutstandingClass("一班", students1);
//復(fù)制students1,并移除一個學(xué)生
List<Student> students2 = new ArrayList<>(students1);
students2.remove(1);
OutstandingClass ostClass2 = new OutstandingClass("二班", students2);
//將ostClass1、ostClass2轉(zhuǎn)換為Stream
Stream<OutstandingClass> classStream = Stream.of(ostClass1, ostClass2);
OutstandingClass outstandingClass = biggestGroup(classStream);
System.out.println("人數(shù)最多的班級是:" + outstandingClass.getName());
System.out.println("一班平均年齡是:" + averageNumberOfStudent(students1));
}
/**
* 獲取人數(shù)最多的班級
*/
private static OutstandingClass biggestGroup(Stream<OutstandingClass> outstandingClasses) {
return outstandingClasses.collect(
maxBy(comparing(ostClass -> ostClass.getStudents().size())))
.orElseGet(OutstandingClass::new);
}
/**
* 計算平均年齡
*/
private static double averageNumberOfStudent(List<Student> students) {
return students.stream().collect(averagingInt(Student::getAge));
}
}
//輸出結(jié)果
//人數(shù)最多的班級是:一班
//一班平均年齡是:37.666666666666664maxBy或者minBy就是求最大值與最小值。
3.2 轉(zhuǎn)換成塊
常用的流操作是將其分解成兩個集合,Collectors.partitioningBy幫我們實現(xiàn)了,接收一個Predicate函數(shù)式接口。

將示例學(xué)生分為會唱歌與不會唱歌的兩個集合。
public class PartitioningByTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//省略List<student> students的初始化
Map<Boolean, List<Student>> listMap = students.stream().collect(
Collectors.partitioningBy(student -> student.getSpecialities().
contains(SpecialityEnum.SING)));
}
}3.3 數(shù)據(jù)分組
數(shù)據(jù)分組是一種更自然的分割數(shù)據(jù)操作,與將數(shù)據(jù)分成 ture 和 false 兩部分不同,可以使用任意值對數(shù)據(jù)分組。Collectors.groupingBy接收一個Function做轉(zhuǎn)換。

如圖,我們使用groupingBy將根據(jù)進(jìn)行分組為圓形一組,三角形一組,正方形一組。
例子:根據(jù)學(xué)生第一個特長進(jìn)行分組
public class GroupingByTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//省略List<student> students的初始化
Map<SpecialityEnum, List<Student>> listMap =
students.stream().collect(
Collectors.groupingBy(student -> student.getSpecialities().get(0)));
}
}3.4 字符串拼接
public class JoiningTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
students.add(new Student("路飛", 22, 175));
students.add(new Student("紅發(fā)", 40, 180));
students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));
String names = students.stream()
.map(Student::getName).collect(Collectors.joining(",","[","]"));
System.out.println(names);
}
}
//輸出結(jié)果
//[路飛,紅發(fā),白胡子]joining接收三個參數(shù),第一個是分界符,第二個是前綴符,第三個是結(jié)束符。也可以不傳入?yún)?shù)Collectors.joining(),這樣就是直接拼接。
四、總結(jié)
Java網(wǎng)站推薦:www.java1000.com,網(wǎng)站包括Java基礎(chǔ)、進(jìn)階、源碼、面試等各個系列文章,歡迎瀏覽!
Github倉庫推薦:
https://github.com/OUYANGSIHAI/JavaInterview,復(fù)制鏈接直達(dá),該倉庫是本人面試一年的面試記錄與分享,相信對你有一定的幫助!
推薦文章
1、14個項目! 2、Spring Boot + Security + MyBatis + Thymeleaf + Activiti 快速開發(fā)平臺項目 3、推薦幾個支付項目! 4、寫博客能月入10K? 5、一款基于 Spring Boot 的現(xiàn)代化社區(qū)(論壇/問答/社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)/博客) 更多項目源碼 1、推薦兩個項目! 2、重磅推薦:一套開源的網(wǎng)校系統(tǒng),無論是自建網(wǎng)校還是接副業(yè)都很方便 3、一款基于 Spring Boot 的現(xiàn)代化社區(qū)(論壇/問答/社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)/博客) 4、13K點贊都基于 Vue+Spring 前后端分離管理系統(tǒng)ELAdmin,大愛 5、想接私活時薪再翻一倍,建議根據(jù)這幾個開源的SpringBoot

