自定義Spring Boot Starter,實(shí)現(xiàn)組件化復(fù)用!
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來源:jianshu.com/p/45538b44e04e
“眾所周知,Spring Boot由眾多Starter組成,隨著版本的推移Starter家族成員也與日俱增。在傳統(tǒng)Maven項(xiàng)目中通常將一些層、組件拆分為模塊來管理,以便相互依賴復(fù)用,在Spring Boot項(xiàng)目中我們則可以創(chuàng)建自定義Spring Boot Starter來達(dá)成該目的。
好,開始,先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Maven項(xiàng)目并引入依賴,pom.xml如下,供參考~
<project?xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
?????????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
?????????xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0?http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
????<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
????<groupId>com.examplegroupId>
????<artifactId>example-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
????<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
????<dependencies>
????????<dependency>
????????????<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
????????????<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigureartifactId>
????????dependency>
????dependencies>
????<dependencyManagement>
????????<dependencies>
????????????<dependency>
????????????????
????????????????<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
????????????????<artifactId>spring-boot-dependenciesartifactId>
????????????????<version>1.5.2.RELEASEversion>
????????????????<type>pomtype>
????????????????<scope>importscope>
????????????dependency>
????????dependencies>
????dependencyManagement>
project>
這里說下artifactId的命名問題,Spring 官方 Starter通常命名為spring-boot-starter-{name}如 spring-boot-starter-web, Spring官方建議非官方Starter命名應(yīng)遵循{name}-spring-boot-starter的格式。
這里講一下我們的Starter要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能,很簡(jiǎn)單,提供一個(gè)Service,包含一個(gè)能夠?qū)⒆址由锨昂缶Y的方法String wrap(String word)。
public?class?ExampleService?{
????private?String?prefix;
????private?String?suffix;
????public?ExampleService(String?prefix,?String?suffix)?{
????????this.prefix?=?prefix;
????????this.suffix?=?suffix;
????}
????public?String?wrap(String?word)?{
????????return?prefix?+?word?+?suffix;
????}
}
前綴、后綴通過讀取application.properties(yml)內(nèi)的參數(shù)獲得
@ConfigurationProperties("example.service")
public?class?ExampleServiceProperties?{
????private?String?prefix;
????private?String?suffix;
????//省略?getter?setter
重點(diǎn),編寫AutoConfigure類
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(ExampleService.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ExampleServiceProperties.class)
public?class?ExampleAutoConfigure?{
????@Autowired
????private?ExampleServiceProperties?properties;
????@Bean
????@ConditionalOnMissingBean
????@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix?=?"example.service",value?=?"enabled",havingValue?=?"true")
????ExampleService?exampleService?(){
????????return??new?ExampleService(properties.getPrefix(),properties.getSuffix());
????}
}
解釋下用到的幾個(gè)和Starter相關(guān)的注解:
@ConditionalOnClass,當(dāng)classpath下發(fā)現(xiàn)該類的情況下進(jìn)行自動(dòng)配置。@ConditionalOnMissingBean,當(dāng)Spring Context中不存在該Bean時(shí)。@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "example.service",value = "enabled",havingValue = "true"),當(dāng)配置文件中example.service.enabled=true時(shí)。
更多相關(guān)注解,建議閱讀官方文檔該部分。
最后一步,在resources/META-INF/下創(chuàng)建spring.factories文件,內(nèi)容供參考下面~
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.example.autocinfigure.ExampleAutoConfigure
OK,完事,運(yùn)行 mvn:install打包安裝,一個(gè)Spring Boot Starter便開發(fā)完成了。如果你需要該Starter的源代碼,點(diǎn)這里。
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Spring Boot項(xiàng)目來 試試~
引入example-spring-boot-starter依賴
?
????com.example
????example-spring-boot-starter
????1.0-SNAPSHOT
?
創(chuàng)建application.properties,進(jìn)行配置
example.service.enabled=true
example.service.prefix=####
example.service.suffix=@@@@
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的Spring Web Application,注入Starter提供的ExampleService看它能否正常工作~
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public?class?Application?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
????????SpringApplication.run(Application.class,?args);
????}
????@Autowired
????private?ExampleService?exampleService;
????@GetMapping("/input")
????public?String?input(String?word){
????????return?exampleService.wrap(word);
????}
}
啟動(dòng)Application,訪問/input接口試試看~
“
總結(jié)下Starter的工作原理
Spring Boot在啟動(dòng)時(shí)掃描項(xiàng)目所依賴的JAR包,尋找包含spring.factories文件的JAR包- 根據(jù)
spring.factories配置加載AutoConfigure類 - 根據(jù)
@Conditional注解的條件,進(jìn)行自動(dòng)配置并將Bean注入Spring Context
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