Django 實(shí)現(xiàn)單點(diǎn)登錄（SSO）
SSO簡(jiǎn)介
搭建測(cè)試環(huán)境
django-admin startproject sso來(lái)創(chuàng)建，其中sso是創(chuàng)建的項(xiàng)目名稱。這里也可以使用兩個(gè)完全相同的項(xiàng)目，在不同地址啟動(dòng)，但是為了演示效果，這里創(chuàng)建了2個(gè)。
templates文件夾下創(chuàng)建文件login.html文件。這里直接使用之前寫(xiě)過(guò)的登錄頁(yè)面的代碼，樣式就不加了，在SSO1和SSO2中都加入login.html，具體代碼為：<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="login_content">
<div class="page-header" id="page_header">
<h1>登錄<small>Login</small></h1>
</div>
<div id="login_form">
<form method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
<input type="input" class="form-control" name="usr" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="username">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputPassword1">密碼</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="密碼">
</div>
<div id="login_butt">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登錄</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" onclick="">注冊(cè)</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
SSO1文件夾創(chuàng)建一個(gè)view.py文件，用來(lái)存放視圖函數(shù)。（這里僅為演示SSO，就不分模塊了。）.
├── SSO1
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── asgi.py
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ ├── view.py
│ └── wsgi.py
├── manage.py
├── templates
│ └── login.html
└── venv
├── bin
├── include
├── lib
└── pyvenv.cfg
插入一個(gè)小BUG
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO1/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
main()
File "/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO1/manage.py", line 18, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO1/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO1/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 345, in execute
settings.INSTALLED_APPS
File "/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO1/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 82, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO1/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 69, in _setup
self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
File "/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO1/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 170, in __init__
mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO1/SSO1/settings.py", line 57, in <module>
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
NameError: name 'os' is not defined
setting.py中導(dǎo)入os即可：import osfrom django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
def login(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
if 'usr' in request.session:
# 如果session中已有信息，則顯示
usr = request.session['usr']
password = request.session['password']
return HttpResponse("usr:{},password:{},sessionid:{},cookie:{}".format(usr,password,request.session.session_key,request.COOKIES))
return render(request,'login.html')
if request.method == 'POST':
usr = request.POST['usr']
password = request.POST['password']
request.session['usr'] = usr
request.session['password'] = password
return HttpResponse(
"usr:{},password:{},sessionid:{},cookie:{}".format(usr, password, request.session.session_key,
request.COOKIES))
def logout(request):
request.session.clear()
return redirect('/login')
在url.py中添加路由信息：
"""SSO1 URL Configuration
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from . import view
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('login/',view.login),
path('logout/',view.logout),
]
settings.py文件中搜csrf，然后注釋掉。settings.py文件為："""
Django settings for SSO1 project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.7.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""
from pathlib import Path
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'o=blc^vzeb1&g*b!si(wtxe44_=i5cv(3jqm2*u2u&7vgj%&=%'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'SSO1.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
,
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'SSO1.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
python3 manage.py migratepython3 manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:5000python3 manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:7000
http://127.0.0.1:5000/login/和http://127.0.0.1:7000/login/,顯示的頁(yè)面都是登錄頁(yè)面，顯示如下：
http://127.0.0.1:5000/login/隨意輸入賬戶密碼點(diǎn)擊登錄，顯示：usr:123,password:123,sessionid:None,cookie:{'csrftoken': '8YPzJbY03sHJUZH6kdFZzr9TkDtdVTKflgDDeIn0wgGC6cAeudcrkXLyIxXBEnzG'}
http://127.0.0.1:7000/login/，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)應(yīng)用中，顯示的還是之前的頁(yè)面，登錄沒(méi)有同步。下面我們來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的SSO，這里的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法非常的簡(jiǎn)單，這里提供2中實(shí)現(xiàn)方法：將session固定存儲(chǔ)在同一個(gè)文件中， 將session存儲(chǔ)在Redis中
將session存儲(chǔ)在同一個(gè)文件中實(shí)現(xiàn)SSO
settings.py中對(duì)cookie和session進(jìn)行配置# 設(shè)置cookie的domain為父域domain，
# 如果是使用域名，以百度為例，主域名為`www.baidu.com`，旗下各個(gè)應(yīng)用為：'asd.baidu.com'
# 則這里設(shè)置為：`.baidu.com`
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = '127.0.0.1'
# 設(shè)置session存儲(chǔ)在文件中
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.file'
# 設(shè)置存儲(chǔ)位置，這里設(shè)為絕對(duì)路徑
SESSION_FILE_PATH = '/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO2/session'
settings.py直接復(fù)制到另一個(gè)的，因?yàn)槔锩嬗幸恍╉?xiàng)目的配置，例如ROOT_URLCONF = 'SSO1.urls'、WSGI_APPLICATION = 'SSO1.wsgi.application'這些前面的都是項(xiàng)目名，需要主要區(qū)分。此時(shí)我們?cè)诖蜷_(kāi)
http://127.0.0.1:5000/login/,輸入賬號(hào)密碼，此頁(yè)面顯示：usr:123,password:123,sessionid:2bs2nx2iq879epxu7au7o1zq63o095v7,cookie:{'sessionid': '2bs2nx2iq879epxu7au7o1zq63o095v7', 'csrftoken': '8YPzJbY03sHJUZH6kdFZzr9TkDtdVTKflgDDeIn0wgGC6cAeudcrkXLyIxXBEnzG'}
http://127.0.0.1:7000/login/,我們直接訪問(wèn)，而不用登錄，發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示同樣的內(nèi)容，即我們使用的是同樣的內(nèi)容，實(shí)現(xiàn)了SSO。使用Redis實(shí)現(xiàn)SSO
pip3 install django-redis
# # 設(shè)置session存儲(chǔ)在文件中
# SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.file'
# # 設(shè)置存儲(chǔ)位置，這里設(shè)為絕對(duì)路徑
# SESSION_FILE_PATH = '/Users/qiguan/Documents/develop_files/python_files/SSO2/session'
# 使用Redis存儲(chǔ)session
CACHES = {
"default": {
"BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
"LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379",
"OPTIONS": {
"CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
"CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {"max_connections": 100}
# "PASSWORD": "123",
}
}
}
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = 'default'
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 60 * 5
http://127.0.0.1:5000/login/,輸入賬戶密碼后顯示：usr:123,password:123,sessionid:None,cookie:{'csrftoken': '8YPzJbY03sHJUZH6kdFZzr9TkDtdVTKflgDDeIn0wgGC6cAeudcrkXLyIxXBEnzG'}
此時(shí)我們?cè)L問(wèn)http://127.0.0.1:7000/login/（不登錄），顯示同樣的usr和password信息。
此時(shí)我們的SSO也可以正常實(shí)現(xiàn)。
好了，本文就先到這里，大家如有需要，可以根據(jù)具體的業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行實(shí)現(xiàn)，這里就不贅述了。等以后有空再寫(xiě)一些Django相關(guān)的開(kāi)發(fā)博客。
原文來(lái)源：https://qiguanjie.blog.csdn.net/
文章轉(zhuǎn)自：Python開(kāi)發(fā)者
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