MyBatis 動(dòng)態(tài) SQL(認(rèn)真看看, 以后寫(xiě)SQL就爽多了)
閱讀本文大概需要 12 分鐘。
MyBatis 令人喜歡的一大特性就是動(dòng)態(tài) SQL。在使用 JDBC 的過(guò)程中, 根據(jù)條件進(jìn)行 SQL 的拼接是很麻煩且很容易出錯(cuò)的。
MyBatis 動(dòng)態(tài) SQL 的出現(xiàn), 解決了這個(gè)麻煩。MyBatis通過(guò) OGNL 來(lái)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài) SQL 的使用的。
目前, 動(dòng)態(tài) SQL 支持以下幾種標(biāo)簽:

1 數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;CREATE TABLE `student` (
`student_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '編號(hào)',
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',`phone` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '電話',
`email` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '郵箱',
`sex` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性別',
`locked` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '狀態(tài)(0:正常,1:鎖定)',
`gmt_created` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '存入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的時(shí)間',
`gmt_modified` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改的時(shí)間',
`delete` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`student_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci COMMENT='學(xué)生表';

2 if 標(biāo)簽
2.1 在 WHERE 條件中使用 if 標(biāo)簽
2.1.1 查詢條件
當(dāng)只輸入用戶名時(shí), 使用用戶名進(jìn)行模糊檢索;
當(dāng)只輸入性別時(shí), 使用性別進(jìn)行完全匹配
當(dāng)用戶名和性別都存在時(shí), 用這兩個(gè)條件進(jìn)行查詢匹配查詢
2.1.2 動(dòng)態(tài) SQL
/**
* 根據(jù)輸入的學(xué)生信息進(jìn)行條件檢索
* 1. 當(dāng)只輸入用戶名時(shí), 使用用戶名進(jìn)行模糊檢索;
* 2. 當(dāng)只輸入郵箱時(shí), 使用性別進(jìn)行完全匹配
* 3. 當(dāng)用戶名和性別都存在時(shí), 用這兩個(gè)條件進(jìn)行查詢匹配的用
* @param student
* @return
*/
ListselectByStudentSelective(Student student);
<select id="selectByStudentSelective" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">
select
"Base_Column_List" />
from student
where 1=1
<if test="name != null and name !=''">
and name like concat('%', #{name}, '%')
if>
<if test="sex != null">
and sex=#{sex}
if>
select>
<if test="name != null and name !=''">
and name like concat('%', #{name}, '%')
if>
<if test="sex != null">
and sex=#{sex}
if>
2.1.3 測(cè)試
@Test
public void selectByStudent() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
Student search = new Student();
search.setName("明");
System.out.println("只有名字時(shí)的查詢");
ListstudentsByName = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelective(search);
for (int i = 0; i < studentsByName.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsByName.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
}
search.setName(null);
search.setSex((byte) 1);
System.out.println("只有性別時(shí)的查詢");
ListstudentsBySex = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelective(search);
for (int i = 0; i < studentsBySex.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsBySex.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
}
System.out.println("姓名和性別同時(shí)存在的查詢");
search.setName("明");
ListstudentsByNameAndSex = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelective(search);
for (int i = 0; i < studentsByNameAndSex.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsByNameAndSex.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
}
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}

where 1=1 and name like concat('%', ?, '%')

where 1=1 and sex=?

where 1=1 and name like concat('%', ?, '%') and sex=?
2.2 在 UPDATE 更新列中使用 if 標(biāo)簽
2.2.1 更新條件
2.2.1 動(dòng)態(tài) SQL
/**
* 更新非空屬性
*/
int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(Student record);
"updateByPrimaryKeySelective" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">
update student
<set>
<if test="name != null">
`name` = #{name,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
if>
<if test="phone != null">
phone = #{phone,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
if>
<if test="email != null">
email = #{email,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
if>
<if test="sex != null">
sex = #{sex,jdbcType=TINYINT},
if>
<if test="locked != null">
locked = #{locked,jdbcType=TINYINT},
if>
<if test="gmtCreated != null">
gmt_created = #{gmtCreated,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},
if>
<if test="gmtModified != null">
gmt_modified = #{gmtModified,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},
if>
set>
where student_id = #{studentId,jdbcType=INTEGER}
2.2.3 測(cè)試
@Test
public void updateByStudentSelective() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
Student student = new Student();
student.setStudentId(1);
student.setName("明明");
student.setPhone("13838438888");
???????System.out.println(studentMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(student));
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}

2.3 在 INSERT 動(dòng)態(tài)插入中使用 if 標(biāo)簽
2.3.1 插入條件
2.3.2 動(dòng)態(tài)SQL
/**
* 非空字段才進(jìn)行插入
*/
int insertSelective(Student record);
"insertSelective" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">
insert into student
"(" suffix=")" suffixOverrides=",">
<if test="studentId != null">
student_id,
if>
<if test="name != null">
`name`,
if>
<if test="phone != null">
phone,
if>
<if test="email != null">
email,
if>
<if test="sex != null">
sex,
if>
<if test="locked != null">
locked,
if>
<if test="gmtCreated != null">
gmt_created,
if>
<if test="gmtModified != null">
gmt_modified,
if>
"values (" suffix=")" suffixOverrides=",">
<if test="studentId != null">
#{studentId,jdbcType=INTEGER},
if>
<if test="name != null">
#{name,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
if>
<if test="phone != null">
#{phone,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
if>
<if test="email != null">
#{email,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
if>
<if test="sex != null">
#{sex,jdbcType=TINYINT},
if>
<if test="locked != null">
#{locked,jdbcType=TINYINT},
if>
<if test="gmtCreated != null">
#{gmtCreated,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},
if>
<if test="gmtModified != null">
#{gmtModified,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},
if>
2.3.3 測(cè)試
@Test
public void insertByStudentSelective() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("小飛機(jī)");
student.setPhone("13838438899");
student.setEmail("[email protected]");
student.setLocked((byte) 0);????System.out.println(studentMapper.insertSelective(student));
? ?sqlSession.commit();
? ?sqlSession.close();
}

3 choose 標(biāo)簽
3.1 查詢條件
當(dāng) studen_id 有值時(shí), 使用 studen_id 進(jìn)行查詢;
當(dāng) studen_id 沒(méi)有值時(shí), 使用 name 進(jìn)行查詢;
否則返回空
3.2 動(dòng)態(tài)SQL
/**
* - 當(dāng) studen_id 有值時(shí), 使用 studen_id 進(jìn)行查詢;
* - 當(dāng) studen_id 沒(méi)有值時(shí), 使用 name 進(jìn)行查詢;
* - 否則返回空
*/
Student selectByIdOrName(Student record);
<select id="selectByIdOrName" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">
select
"Base_Column_List" />
from student
where 1=1
<when test="studentId != null">
and student_id=#{studentId}
when>
<when test="name != null and name != ''">
and name=#{name}
when>
and 1=2
select>
3.3 測(cè)試
@Test
public void selectByIdOrName() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("小飛機(jī)");
student.setStudentId(1);
Student studentById = studentMapper.selectByIdOrName(student);
System.out.println("有 ID 則根據(jù) ID 獲取");
System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentById, ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
student.setStudentId(null);
Student studentByName = studentMapper.selectByIdOrName(student);
System.out.println("沒(méi)有 ID 則根據(jù) name 獲取");
System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentByName, ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
student.setName(null);
Student studentNull = studentMapper.selectByIdOrName(student);
System.out.println("沒(méi)有 ID 和 name, 返回 null");
Assert.assertNull(studentNull);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}



4.1.1 查詢條件
當(dāng)只輸入用戶名時(shí), 使用用戶名進(jìn)行模糊檢索;
當(dāng)只輸入性別時(shí), 使用性別進(jìn)行完全匹配
當(dāng)用戶名和性別都存在時(shí), 用這兩個(gè)條件進(jìn)行查詢匹配查詢
4.1.2 動(dòng)態(tài) SQL
當(dāng)條件都不滿足時(shí):此時(shí) SQL 中應(yīng)該要不能有 where , 否則導(dǎo)致出錯(cuò)
當(dāng) if 有條件滿足時(shí):SQL 中需要有 where, 且第一個(gè)成立的 if 標(biāo)簽下的 and | or 等要去掉
/**
* 根據(jù)輸入的學(xué)生信息進(jìn)行條件檢索
* 1. 當(dāng)只輸入用戶名時(shí), 使用用戶名進(jìn)行模糊檢索;
* 2. 當(dāng)只輸入郵箱時(shí), 使用性別進(jìn)行完全匹配
* 3. 當(dāng)用戶名和性別都存在時(shí), 用這兩個(gè)條件進(jìn)行查詢匹配的用
*/
ListselectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag(Student student);
<select id="selectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">
select
"Base_Column_List" />
from student
<where>
<if test="name != null and name !=''">
and name like concat('%', #{name}, '%')
if>
<if test="sex != null">
and sex=#{sex}
if>
where>
select>
4.1.3 測(cè)試
@Test
public void selectByStudentWhereTag() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
Student search = new Student();
search.setName("明");
System.out.println("只有名字時(shí)的查詢");
ListstudentsByName = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag(search);
for (int i = 0; i < studentsByName.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsByName.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
}
search.setSex((byte) 1);
System.out.println("姓名和性別同時(shí)存在的查詢");
ListstudentsBySex = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag(search);
for (int i = 0; i < studentsBySex.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsBySex.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
}
System.out.println("姓名和性別都不存在時(shí)查詢");
search.setName(null);
search.setSex(null);
ListstudentsByNameAndSex = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag(search);
for (int i = 0; i < studentsByNameAndSex.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsByNameAndSex.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
}
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}



4.2 set
updateByPrimaryKeySelective沒(méi)有使用4.3 trim
4.3.1 trim 來(lái)表示 where
<trim prefix="where" prefixOverrides="AND |OR">
trim>
4.3.2 trim 來(lái)表示 set
<trim prefix="SET" suffixOverrides=",">
trim>
4.3.3 trim 的幾個(gè)屬性
prefix: 當(dāng) trim 元素包含有內(nèi)容時(shí), 增加 prefix 所指定的前綴
prefixOverrides: 當(dāng) trim 元素包含有內(nèi)容時(shí), 去除 prefixOverrides 指定的 前綴
suffix: 當(dāng) trim 元素包含有內(nèi)容時(shí), 增加 suffix 所指定的后綴
suffixOverrides:當(dāng) trim 元素包含有內(nèi)容時(shí), 去除 suffixOverrides 指定的后綴
5 foreach 標(biāo)簽
collection: 必填, 集合/數(shù)組/Map的名稱.
item: 變量名。即從迭代的對(duì)象中取出的每一個(gè)值
index: 索引的屬性名。當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)象為 Map 時(shí), 該值為 Map 中的 Key.
open: 循環(huán)開(kāi)頭的字符串
close: 循環(huán)結(jié)束的字符串
separator: 每次循環(huán)的分隔符
5.1 在 where 中使用 foreach
5.1.1 查詢條件
5.1.2 動(dòng)態(tài) SQL
/**
* 獲取 id 集合中的用戶信息
* @param ids
* @return
*/
ListselectByStudentIdList(List ids);
<select id="selectByStudentIdList" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select
"Base_Column_List" />
from student
where student_id in
<foreach collection="list" item="id" open="(" close=")" separator="," index="i">
#{id}
foreach>
select>
5.1.3 測(cè)試
@Test
public void selectByStudentIdList() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
Listids = new LinkedList<>();
ids.add(1);
ids.add(3);
Liststudents = studentMapper.selectByStudentIdList(ids);
for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(students.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
}
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}

5.2 foreach 實(shí)現(xiàn)批量插入
5.2.1 動(dòng)態(tài)SQL
/**
* 批量插入學(xué)生
*/
int insertList(Liststudents) ;
"insertList">
insert into student(name, phone, email, sex, locked)
values
<foreach collection="list" item="student" separator=",">
(
#{student.name}, #{student.phone},#{student.email},
#{student.sex},#{student.locked}
)
foreach>
5.2.2 測(cè)試
@Test
public void insertList() {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
Liststudents = new LinkedList<>();
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("批量01");
stu1.setPhone("13888888881");
stu1.setLocked((byte) 0);
stu1.setEmail("[email protected]");
stu1.setSex((byte) 1);
students.add(stu1);
Student stu2 = new Student();
stu2.setName("批量02");
stu2.setPhone("13888888882");
stu2.setLocked((byte) 0);
stu2.setEmail("[email protected]");
stu2.setSex((byte) 0);
students.add(stu2);
System.out.println(studentMapper.insertList(students));
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}

6 bind 標(biāo)簽
selectByStudentSelective方法中, 有如下<if test="name != null and name !=''">
and name like concat('%', #{name}, '%')
if>
<if test="name != null and name !=''">
<bind name="nameLike" value="'%'+name+'%'"/>
and name like #{nameLike}
if>

推薦閱讀:
我去!微信竟然可以查出行軌跡了,預(yù)計(jì)又一波情侶要分手?
面試官寫(xiě)了個(gè)雙冒號(hào)::問(wèn)我這是什么語(yǔ)法?Java中有這玩意?
微信掃描二維碼,關(guān)注我的公眾號(hào)
朕已閱?

