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          為什么阿里巴巴規(guī)定超過(guò)3張表禁止JOIN?

          共 2432字,需瀏覽 5分鐘

           ·

          2020-09-20 17:21







          點(diǎn)擊上方“dotNET全棧開(kāi)發(fā)”,“設(shè)為星標(biāo)

          加“星標(biāo)”,每天21.45,好文必達(dá)


          來(lái)源:http://blog.itpub.net/30393770/viewspace-2650450

          一、 問(wèn)題提出

          《阿里巴巴JAVA開(kāi)發(fā)手冊(cè)》里面寫(xiě)超過(guò)三張表禁止join,這是為什么?

          二、問(wèn)題分析

          對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)論,你是否有懷疑呢?也不知道是哪位先哲說(shuō)的不要人云亦云,今天我設(shè)計(jì)sql,來(lái)驗(yàn)證這個(gè)結(jié)論。(實(shí)驗(yàn)沒(méi)有從代碼角度分析,目前達(dá)不到。可以把mysql當(dāng)一個(gè)黑盒,使用角度來(lái)驗(yàn)證這個(gè)結(jié)論) 驗(yàn)證結(jié)論的時(shí)候,會(huì)有很多發(fā)現(xiàn),各位往后看。

          三、 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境

          vmware10+centos7.4+mysql5.7.22
          • centos7內(nèi)存4.5G,4核,50G硬盤。
          • mysql配置為2G,特別說(shuō)明硬盤是SSD。

          四、我概述下我的實(shí)驗(yàn)

          有4張表,student學(xué)生表,teacher老師表,course課程表,sc中間關(guān)系表,記錄了學(xué)生選修課程以及分?jǐn)?shù)。具體sql腳本,看文章結(jié)尾,我附上。中間我自己寫(xiě)了造數(shù)據(jù)的腳本,也在結(jié)尾。
          實(shí)驗(yàn)是為解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題的:查詢選修“tname553”老師所授課程的學(xué)生中,成績(jī)最高的學(xué)生姓名及其成績(jī)。
          查詢sql是:
          我來(lái)分析一下這個(gè)語(yǔ)句:4張表等值join,還有一個(gè)子查詢。算是比較簡(jiǎn)單的sql語(yǔ)句了(相比ERP動(dòng)就10張表的哦,已經(jīng)很簡(jiǎn)單了)。我 還會(huì)分解這個(gè)語(yǔ)句成3個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的sql:
          我來(lái)分析下:第一句,就是查詢最高分,得到最高分590分。第二句就是查詢出最高分的學(xué)生id,得到
          第三句就是查詢出學(xué)生名字和分?jǐn)?shù)。這樣這3個(gè)語(yǔ)句的就可以查詢出來(lái) 成績(jī)最高的學(xué)生姓名及其成績(jī) 。
          接下來(lái)我會(huì)分別造數(shù)據(jù):1千萬(wàn)選課記錄(一個(gè)學(xué)生選修2門課),造500萬(wàn)學(xué)生,100萬(wàn)老師(一個(gè)老師帶5個(gè)學(xué)生,挺高端的吧),1000門課,。用上面查詢語(yǔ)句查詢。其中sc表我測(cè)試了下有索引和沒(méi)有索引情況,具體見(jiàn)下表。
          再接下來(lái),我會(huì)造1億選課記錄(一個(gè)學(xué)生選修2門課),5000萬(wàn)學(xué)生,1000萬(wàn)老師,1000門課。然后分別執(zhí)行上述語(yǔ)句。最后我會(huì)在oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)上執(zhí)行上述語(yǔ)句。

          五、下面兩張表是測(cè)試結(jié)果

          六、仔細(xì)看上表,可以發(fā)現(xiàn):

          1、步驟3.1沒(méi)有在連接鍵上加索引,查詢很慢,說(shuō)明:“多表關(guān)聯(lián)查詢時(shí),保證被關(guān)聯(lián)的字段需要有索引”;
          2、步驟6.1,6.2,6.3,換成簡(jiǎn)單sql,在數(shù)據(jù)量1億以上, 查詢時(shí)間還能勉強(qiáng)接受。此時(shí)說(shuō)明mysql查詢有些吃力了,但是仍然嫩查詢出來(lái)。
          3、步驟5.1,mysql查詢不出來(lái),4表連接,對(duì)我本機(jī)mysql來(lái)說(shuō),1.5億數(shù)據(jù)超過(guò)極限了(我調(diào)優(yōu)過(guò)這個(gè)SQL,執(zhí)行計(jì)劃和索引都走了,沒(méi)有問(wèn)題,show profile顯示在sending data.這個(gè)問(wèn)題另外文章詳談。)
          4、對(duì)比1.1 和5.1 步驟sql查詢,4表連接,對(duì)我本機(jī)mysql來(lái)說(shuō) ,1.5千萬(wàn)數(shù)據(jù)查詢很流利,是一個(gè)mysql數(shù)據(jù)量流利分水嶺。(這個(gè)只是現(xiàn)象,不太準(zhǔn)確,需要同時(shí)計(jì)算表的容量)。
          5、步驟5.1對(duì)比6.1,6.2,6.3,多表join對(duì)mysql來(lái)說(shuō),處理有些吃力。
          6、超過(guò)三張表禁止join,這個(gè)規(guī)則是針對(duì)mysql來(lái)說(shuō)的。后續(xù)會(huì)看到我用同樣機(jī)器,同樣數(shù)據(jù)量,同樣內(nèi)存,可以完美計(jì)算 1.5億數(shù)據(jù)量join。針對(duì)這樣一個(gè)規(guī)則,對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)來(lái)說(shuō) ,需要把一些邏輯放到應(yīng)用層去查詢。
          總結(jié):?這個(gè)規(guī)則 超過(guò)三張表禁止join ,由于數(shù)據(jù)量太大的時(shí)候,mysql根本查詢不出來(lái),導(dǎo)致阿里出了這樣一個(gè)規(guī)定。(其實(shí)如果表數(shù)據(jù)量少,10張表也不成問(wèn)題,你自己可以試試)而我們公司支付系統(tǒng)朝著大規(guī)模高并發(fā)目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)的,所以,遵循這個(gè)規(guī)定。
          在業(yè)務(wù)層面來(lái)講,寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單sql,把更多邏輯放到應(yīng)用層,我的需求我會(huì)更了解,在應(yīng)用層實(shí)現(xiàn)特定的join也容易得多。

          七、讓我們來(lái)看看oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的優(yōu)秀表現(xiàn):

          看步驟7.1,就是沒(méi)有索引,join表很多的情況下,oracle仍然26秒查詢出結(jié)果來(lái)。所以我會(huì)說(shuō)mysql的join很弱。那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了,為什么現(xiàn)在使用很多人使用mysql呢?這是另外一個(gè)問(wèn)題,我會(huì)另外說(shuō)下我的思考。
          看完本篇文章,另外我還附加贈(zèng)送,所謂摟草打兔子。就是快速造數(shù)據(jù)。你可以自己先寫(xiě)腳本造數(shù)據(jù),看看我是怎么造數(shù)據(jù)的,就知道我的技巧了。

          八、附上部分截圖

          九、附上sql語(yǔ)句和造數(shù)據(jù)腳本

          use?stu;
          drop?table?if?exists?student;
          create?table?student?
          ??(??s_id?int(11)?not?null?auto_increment?,
          ?????sno????int(11),?
          ?????sname?varchar(50),?
          ?????sage??int(11),?
          ?????ssex??varchar(8)?,
          ?????father_id?int(11),
          ??????mather_id?int(11),
          ??????note?varchar(500),
          ?????primary?key?(s_id),
          ???unique?key?uk_sno?(sno)
          ??)?engine
          =innodb?default?charset=utf8mb4;
          truncate?table?student;
          ??delimiter?$$
          drop?function?if?exists???insert_student_data?$$
          create?function?insert_student_data()
          ?returns??int?deterministic
          ????begin
          ????declare??i?int
          ;
          ??????set?i=1;
          ??????while??i<50000000?do?
          ??????insert?into?student??values(i?,i,?concat( name ,i),i,case?when?floor(rand()*10)%2
          =0?then? f ?else? m ?end,floor(rand()*100000),floor(rand()*1000000),concat( note ,i)?);
          ??????set?i=i+1;
          ??????end?while;
          ??????return?1;
          ????end$$
          delimiter?;????
          select??insert_student_data();
          select?count(*)?from?student;
          use?stu;
          create?table?course?
          ??(?
          ?????c_id?int(11
          )?not?null?auto_increment?,
          ?????cname?varchar(50)
          ?????note?varchar(500),?primary?key?(c_id)
          ??)??engine
          =innodb?default?charset=utf8mb4;
          truncate?table?course;
          ??delimiter?$$
          drop?function?if?exists???insert_course_data?$$
          create?function?insert_course_data()
          ?returns??int?deterministic
          ????begin
          ????declare??i?int
          ;
          ??????set?i=1;
          ??????while??i<=1000?do?
          ??????insert?into?course??values(i?,?concat( course ,i),floor(rand()*1000),concat( note ,i)?)
          ;
          ??????set?i=i+1;
          ??????end?while;
          ??????return?1;
          ????end$$
          delimiter?;????
          select??insert_course_data();
          select?count(*)?from?course;
          use?stu;
          drop?table?if?exists?sc;
          create?table?sc?
          ??(?
          ?????s_id????int(11
          ),?
          ?????c_id????int(11),?
          ?????t_id????int(11),
          ?????score?int(11)?
          ??)??engine
          =innodb?default?charset=utf8mb4;
          truncate?table?sc;
          ??delimiter?$$
          drop?function?if?exists???insert_sc_data?$$
          create?function?insert_sc_data()
          ?returns??int?deterministic
          ????begin
          ????declare??i?int
          ;
          ??????set?i=1;
          ??????while??i<=50000000?do?
          ??????insert?into?sc??values(?i,floor(rand()*1000),floor(rand()*10000000),floor(rand()*750))?
          ;
          ??????set?i=i+1;
          ??????end?while;
          ??????return?1;
          ????end$$
          delimiter?;????
          select??insert_sc_data();
          commit;
          select??insert_sc_data();
          commit;
          create?index?idx_s_id??on?sc(s_id)???;?
          create?index?idx_t_id??on?sc(t_id)???;?
          create?index?idx_c_id??on?sc(c_id)???;?
          select?count(*)?from?sc;
          use?stu;
          drop?table?if?exists?teacher;
          create?table?teacher?
          ??(?
          ????t_id??int(11
          )?not?null?auto_increment?,
          ?????tname?varchar(50)?,
          ?????note?varchar(500),primary?key?(t_id)
          ??)??engine
          =innodb?default?charset=utf8mb4;

          ??truncate?table?teacher;
          ??delimiter?$$
          drop?function?if?exists???insert_teacher_data?$$
          create?function?insert_teacher_data()
          ?returns??int?deterministic
          ????begin
          ????declare??i?int
          ;
          ??????set?i=1;
          ??????while??i<=10000000?do?
          ??????insert?into?teacher??values(i?,?concat( tname ,i),concat( note ,i)?)
          ;
          ??????set?i=i+1;
          ??????end?while;
          ??????return?1;
          ????end$$
          delimiter?;????
          select??insert_teacher_data();
          commit;
          select?count(*)?from?teacher;

          這個(gè)是oracle的測(cè)試和造數(shù)據(jù)腳本

          create?tablespace?scott_data??datafile?? /home/oracle/oracle_space/sitpay1/scott_data.dbf ??size?1024m?autoextend?on;?
          create?tablespace?scott_index???datafile?? /home/oracle/oracle_space/sitpay1/scott_index.dbf ??size?64m??autoextend?on;?
          create?temporary?tablespace?scott_temp??tempfile?? /home/oracle/oracle_space/sitpay1/scott_temp.dbf ??size?64m?autoextend?on;?
          drop?user??scott?cascade;
          create?user??scott??identified?by??tiger??default?tablespace?scott_data??temporary?tablespace?scott_temp??;
          grant?resource,connect,dba?to??scott;
          drop?table?student;
          create?table?student??
          ??(??s_id?number(11)?,
          ?????sno????number(11)?,?
          ?????sname?varchar2(50),?
          ?????sage??number(11),?
          ?????ssex??varchar2(8)?,
          ?????father_id?number(11),
          ??????mather_id?number(11),
          ??????note?varchar2(500)
          ??)?nologging;
          truncate?table?student;
          create?or?replace?procedure?insert_student_data
          ?is?
          ???q?number(11);
          ????begin?
          ?????q:=0;
          ??????for?i?in??1..50?loop?
          ??????insert?/*+append*/?into?student???select?rownum+q?as?s_id,rownum+q??as?sno,?concat( sutdent ,rownum+q?)?as?sname,floor(dbms_random.value(1,100))?as?sage, f ?as?ssex,rownum+q??as?father_id,rownum+q??as?mather_id,concat( note ,rownum+q?)?as?note?from?dual?connect?by?level<=1000000;
          ??????q:=q+1000000;
          ??????commit;
          ??????end?loop;?
          end?insert_student_data;
          /
          call?insert_student_data();
          alter?table?student??add?constraint??pk_student?primary?key?(s_id);
          commit;????
          select?count(*)?from?student;
          create?table?course?
          ??(?
          ?????c_id?number(11)?primary?key,
          ?????cname?varchar2(50),
          ?????note?varchar2(500)?
          ??)??;
          truncate?table?course;
          ?create?or?replace?procedure?insert_course_data
          ?is?
          ???q?number(11);
          ????begin?

          ??????for?i?in??1..1000?loop?
          ??????insert?/*+append*/?into?course??values(i?,?concat( name ,i),concat( note ,i)?);??????
          ??????end?loop;?
          end?insert_course_data;
          /
          call?insert_course_data();
          commit;????
          select?count(*)?from?course;
          create?table?sc?
          ??(?
          ?????s_id????number(11),?
          ?????c_id????number(11),?
          ?????t_id????number(11),
          ?????score?number(11)?
          ??)?nologging;
          truncate?table?sc;
          ?create?or?replace?procedure?insert_sc_data
          ?is?
          ???q?number(11);
          ????begin?
          ?????q:=0;
          ??????for?i?in??1..50?loop?
          ??????insert?/*+append*/?into?sc???select?rownum+q?as?s_id,?floor(dbms_random.value(0,1000))??as?c_id,floor(dbms_random.value(0,10000000))?t_id,floor(dbms_random.value(0,750))?as?score?from?dual?connect?by?level<=1000000;
          ??????q:=q+1000000;
          ??????commit;
          ??????end?loop;?
          end?insert_sc_data;
          /
          call?insert_sc_data();
          create?index?idx_s_id??on?sc(s_id)???;?
          create?index?idx_t_id??on?sc(t_id)???;?
          create?index?idx_c_id??on?sc(c_id)???;?
          select?count(*)?from?sc;
          create?table?teacher?
          ??(?
          ????t_id??number(11)?,
          ?????tname?varchar2(50)?,
          ?????note?varchar2(500)
          ??)nologging?;
          ????truncate?table?teacher;
          create?or?replace?procedure?insert_teacher_data
          ?is?
          ???q?number(11);
          ????begin?
          ?????q:=0;
          ??????for?i?in??1..10?loop?
          ??????insert?/*+append*/?into?teacher???select?rownum+q?as?t_id,?concat( teacher ,rownum+q?)?as?tname,concat( note ,rownum+q?)?as?note?from?dual?connect?by?level<=1000000;
          ??????q:=q+1000000;
          ??????commit;
          ??????end?loop;?
          end?insert_teacher_data;
          /
          call?insert_teacher_data();
          alter?table?teacher??add?constraint??pk_teacher?primary?key?(t_id);
          select?count(*)?from?teacher;


          ---END--





























































































































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