grep、sed、awk我們叫他們?nèi)齽停莆账鼈兛梢愿玫倪\(yùn)維，提升工作效率，即使不是運(yùn)維，對(duì)我們處理數(shù)據(jù)都是非常方便的～就很多數(shù)據(jù)處理來(lái)講，寫程序肯定是也能處理的，但是遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有已經(jīng)存在特定功能的命令更高效，我們只需要操作命令即可。通過(guò)本文可以講解三劍客的一些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和實(shí)用，希望大家可以自己動(dòng)手敲，畢竟自己體會(huì)過(guò)的印象更深刻，后面還會(huì)持續(xù)更新。。。

grep

簡(jiǎn)介

grep是一款強(qiáng)大的文本搜索工具，支持正則表達(dá)式。

全稱（ global search regular expression(RE) and print out the line）

語(yǔ)法:grep [option]... PATTERN [FILE]...

常用:

usage:?grep?[-abcDEFGHhIiJLlmnOoqRSsUVvwxZ]?[-A?num]?[-B?num]?[-C[num]]
?[-e?pattern]?[-f?file]?[--binary-files=value]?[--color=when]
?[--context[=num]]?[--directories=action]?[--label]?[--line-buffered]
?[--null]?[pattern]?[file?...]

常用參數(shù):

????????????-v????????取反
????????????-i????????忽略大小寫
????????????-c????????符合條件的行數(shù)
????????????-n????????輸出的同時(shí)打印行號(hào)
????????????^*????????以*開頭?????????
????????????*$?????????以*結(jié)尾?
????????????^$?????????空行?

實(shí)際使用

準(zhǔn)備好一個(gè)小故事txt:

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?cat?monkey
One?day,a?little?monkey?is?playing?by?the?well.一天,有只小猴子在井邊玩兒.
He?looks?in?the well and shouts :它往井里一瞧,高喊道：
“Oh!My?god!The?moon?has?fallen?into?the?well!”?“噢!我的天!月亮掉到井里頭啦!”
An?older?monkeys?runs?over,takes?a?look,and?says,一只大猴子跑來(lái)一看,說(shuō),
“Goodness?me!The?moon?is?really?in?the?water!”?“糟啦!月亮掉在井里頭啦!”
And?olderly?monkey?comes?over.老猴子也跑過(guò)來(lái).
He is very surprised as well and cries out:他也非常驚奇,喊道：
“The?moon?is?in?the?well.”?“糟了,月亮掉在井里頭了!”
A?group?of?monkeys?run?over?to?the?well?.一群猴子跑到井邊來(lái),
They?look?at?the?moon?in?the well and shout:他們看到井里的月亮,喊道：
“The?moon?did?fall?into?the?well!Come?on!Let’get?it?out!”
“月亮掉在井里頭啦!快來(lái)!讓我們把它撈起來(lái)!”
Then,the?oldest?monkey?hangs?on?the?tree?up?side?down?,with?his?feet?on?the?branch?.
然后,老猴子倒掛在大樹上,
And?he?pulls?the?next?monkey’s?feet?with?his?hands.拉住大猴子的腳,
All?the?other?monkeys?follow?his?suit,其他的猴子一個(gè)個(gè)跟著,
And?they?join?each?other?one?by?one?down?to?the?moon?in?the?well.
它們一只連著一只直到井里.
Just?before?they?reach?the?moon,the?oldest?monkey?raises?his?head?and?happens?to?see?the?moon?in?the?sky,正好他們摸到月亮的時(shí)候,老猴子抬頭發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮掛在天上呢
He?yells?excitedly?“Don’t?be?so?foolish!The?moon?is?still?in?the?sky!”
它興奮地大叫：“別蠢了!月亮還好好地掛在天上呢!

直接查找符合條件的行

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?grep?moon?monkey
“Oh!My?god!The?moon?has?fallen?into?the?well!”?“噢!我的天!月亮掉到井里頭啦!”
“Goodness?me!The?moon?is?really?in?the?water!”?“糟啦!月亮掉在井里頭啦!”
“The?moon?is?in?the?well.”?“糟了,月亮掉在井里頭了!”
They?look?at?the?moon?in?the well and shout:他們看到井里的月亮,喊道：
“The?moon?did?fall?into?the?well!Come?on!Let’get?it?out!”
And?they?join?each?other?one?by?one?down?to?the?moon?in?the?well.
Just?before?they?reach?the?moon,the?oldest?monkey?raises?his?head?and?happens?to?see?the?moon?in?the?sky,正好他們摸到月亮的時(shí)候,老猴子抬頭發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮掛在天上呢
He?yells?excitedly?“Don’t?be?so?foolish!The?moon?is?still?in?the?sky!”

查找反向符合條件的行

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?grep?-v??moon?monkey
One?day,a?little?monkey?is?playing?by?the?well.一天,有只小猴子在井邊玩兒.
He?looks?in?the well and shouts :它往井里一瞧,高喊道：
An?older?monkeys?runs?over,takes?a?look,and?says,一只大猴子跑來(lái)一看,說(shuō),
And?olderly?monkey?comes?over.老猴子也跑過(guò)來(lái).
He is very surprised as well and cries out:他也非常驚奇,喊道：
A?group?of?monkeys?run?over?to?the?well?.一群猴子跑到井邊來(lái),
“月亮掉在井里頭啦!快來(lái)!讓我們把它撈起來(lái)!”
Then,the?oldest?monkey?hangs?on?the?tree?up?side?down?,with?his?feet?on?the?branch?.
然后,老猴子倒掛在大樹上,
And?he?pulls?the?next?monkey’s?feet?with?his?hands.拉住大猴子的腳,
All?the?other?monkeys?follow?his?suit,其他的猴子一個(gè)個(gè)跟著,
它們一只連著一只直到井里.
它興奮地大叫：“別蠢了!月亮還好好地掛在天上呢!”

直接查找符合條件的行數(shù)

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?grep?-c??moon?monkey
8

忽略大小寫查找符合條件的行數(shù)

先來(lái)看一下直接查找的結(jié)果

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?grep?my?monkey

忽略大小寫查看

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?grep?-i?my?monkey
“Oh!My?god!The?moon?has?fallen?into?the?well!”?“噢!我的天!月亮掉到井里頭啦!”

查找符合條件的行并輸出行號(hào)

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?grep?-n?monkey?monkey
1:One?day,a?little?monkey?is?playing?by?the?well.一天,有只小猴子在井邊玩兒.
4:An?older?monkeys?runs?over,takes?a?look,and?says,一只大猴子跑來(lái)一看,說(shuō),
6:And?olderly?monkey?comes?over.老猴子也跑過(guò)來(lái).
9:A?group?of?monkeys?run?over?to?the?well?.一群猴子跑到井邊來(lái),
13:Then,the?oldest?monkey?hangs?on?the?tree?up?side?down?,with?his?feet?on?the?branch?.
15:And?he?pulls?the?next?monkey’s?feet?with?his?hands.拉住大猴子的腳,
16:All?the?other?monkeys?follow?his?suit,其他的猴子一個(gè)個(gè)跟著,
19:Just?before?they?reach?the?moon,the?oldest?monkey?raises?his?head?and?happens?to?see?the?moon?in?the?sky,正好他們摸到月亮的時(shí)候,老猴子抬頭發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮掛在天上呢

查找開頭是J的行

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?grep?'^J'?monkey
Just?before?they?reach?the?moon,the?oldest?monkey?raises?his?head?and?happens?to?see?the?moon?in?the?sky,正好他們摸到月亮的時(shí)候,老猴子抬頭發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮掛在天上呢

查找結(jié)尾是呢的行

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?grep?"呢$"?monkey
Just?before?they?reach?the?moon,the?oldest?monkey?raises?his?head?and?happens?to?see?the?moon?in?the?sky,正好他們摸到月亮的時(shí)候,老猴子抬頭發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮掛在天上呢

大家可以grep --help，查看更多相關(guān)的命令，這里就不一一演示了。

小結(jié)

有了強(qiáng)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)以后，很多東西都可以在網(wǎng)上找到，但是基礎(chǔ)的一定要自己 熟練掌握，才回在遇到事情的時(shí)候不慌。

sed

sed是一種流編輯器，是一款處理文本比較優(yōu)秀的工具，可以結(jié)合正則表達(dá)式一起使用。

sed執(zhí)行過(guò)程

sed命令

命令: sed

語(yǔ)法 : ?sed [選項(xiàng)]... {命令集} [輸入文件]...

常用命令:

????????????d??刪除選擇的行????
????????????s???查找????
????????????y??替換
????????????i???當(dāng)前行前面插入一行
????????????a??當(dāng)前行后面插入一行
????????????p??打印行???????
????????????q??退出?????

?替換符:

????????????數(shù)字?：替換第幾處????
????????????g?:??全局替換????
????????????\1:??子串匹配標(biāo)記，前面搜索可以用元字符集\(..\)
????????????&:??保留搜索刀的字符用來(lái)替換其他字符

操作:

替換

查看文件:

???happy?cat?word
Twinkle,?twinkle,?little?star
How?I?wonder?what?you?are
Up?above?the?world?so?high
Like?a?diamond?in?the?sky
When?the?blazing?sun?is?gone

替換：

???happy?sed?'s/little/big/'?word
Twinkle,?twinkle,?big?star
How?I?wonder?what?you?are
Up?above?the?world?so?high
Like?a?diamond?in?the?sky
When?the?blazing?sun?is?gone

查看文本:

???happy?cat?word1
Oh?if?there's?one?thing?to?be?taught
it's?dreams?are?made?to?be?caught
and?friends?can?never?be?bought
Doesn't?matter?how?long?it's?been
I?know?you'll?always?jump?in
'Cause?we?don't?know?how?to?quit

全局替換:

???happy?sed?'s/to/can/g'?word1
Oh?if?there's?one?thing?can?be?taught
it's?dreams?are?made?can?be?caught
and?friends?can?never?be?bought
Doesn't?matter?how?long?it's?been
I?know?you'll?always?jump?in
'Cause?we?don't?know?how?can?quit

按行替換（替換2到最后一行)

???happy?sed?'2,$s/to/can/'?word1
Oh?if?there's?one?thing?to?be?taught
it's?dreams?are?made?can?be?caught
and?friends?can?never?be?bought
Doesn't?matter?how?long?it's?been
I?know?you'll?always?jump?in
'Cause?we?don't?know?how?can?quit

刪除:

查看文本:

???happy?cat?word
Twinkle,?twinkle,?little?star
How?I?wonder?what?you?are
Up?above?the?world?so?high
Like?a?diamond?in?the?sky
When?the?blazing?sun?is?gone

刪除:

???happy?sed?'2d'?word
Twinkle,?twinkle,?little?star
Up?above?the?world?so?high
Like?a?diamond?in?the?sky
When?the?blazing?sun?is?gone

顯示行號(hào):

???happy?sed?'=;2d'?word
1
Twinkle,?twinkle,?little?star
2
3
Up?above?the?world?so?high
4
Like?a?diamond?in?the?sky
5
When?the?blazing?sun?is?gone

刪除第2行到第四行:

???happy?sed?'=;2,4d'?word
1
Twinkle,?twinkle,?little?star
2
3
4
5
When?the?blazing?sun?is?gone

添加行:

向前插入:

???happy?echo?"hello"?|?sed?'i\kitty'
kitty
hello

向后插入:

???happy?echo?"kitty"?|?sed?'i\hello'
hello
kitty

修改行:

替換第二行為hello kitty

???happy?sed?'2c\hello?kitty'?word
Twinkle,?twinkle,?little?star
hello?kitty
Up?above?the?world?so?high
Like?a?diamond?in?the?sky
When?the?blazing?sun?is?gone

替換第二行到最后一行為hello kitty

???happy?sed?'2,$c\hello?kitty'?word
Twinkle,?twinkle,?little?star
hello?kitty

寫入行

把帶star的行寫入c文件中,c提前創(chuàng)建

???happy?sed?-n?'/star/w?c'?word
???happy?cat?c
Twinkle,?twinkle,?little?star

退出

打印3行后，退出sed

???happy?sed?'3q'?word
Twinkle,?twinkle,?little?star
How?I?wonder?what?you?are
Up?above?the?world?so?high

awk

名字由來(lái)

創(chuàng)始人 Alfred Aho 、Peter Weinberger 和 Brian Kernighan 姓氏的首個(gè)字母。

強(qiáng)大的文本處理工具

比起sed和grep，awk不僅僅是一個(gè)小工具，也可以算得上一種小型的編程語(yǔ)言了，支持if判斷分支和while循環(huán)語(yǔ)句還有它的內(nèi)置函數(shù)等，是一個(gè)要比grep和sed更強(qiáng)大的文本處理工具，但也就意味著要學(xué)習(xí)的東西更多了。

下面來(lái)說(shuō)一下awk的一些基礎(chǔ)概念以及實(shí)際操作。

語(yǔ)法

常用

Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] -f progfile [--] file ...

Usage: awk [POSIX or GNU style options] [--] 'program' file ...

域

類似數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)列的概念，但它是按照序號(hào)來(lái)指定的，比如我要第一個(gè)列就是2，依此類推。$0就是輸出整個(gè)文本的內(nèi)容。默認(rèn)用空格作為分隔符，當(dāng)然你可以自己通過(guò)-F設(shè)置適合自己情況的分隔符。

提前自己編了一段數(shù)據(jù)，學(xué)生以及學(xué)生成績(jī)數(shù)據(jù)表。

"Name ? ? Math ?Chinese ?English History ?Sport grade 輸出整個(gè)文本

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'{print?$0}'?students_store
Xiaoka??????????60???80????40????90???77??class-1
Yizhihua????????70????66???50????80???90??class-1
kerwin??????????80????90???60????70???60??class-2
Fengzheng???????90????78????62???40???62??class-2

輸出第一列（姓名列)

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'{print?$1}'?students_store
Xiaoka
Yizhihua
kerwin
Fengzheng

模式&動(dòng)作

awk?'{[pattern]?action}'?{filenames}??

模式

pattern 可以是

• 條件語(yǔ)句
• 正則

模式的兩個(gè)特殊字段 BEGIN 和 END (不指定時(shí)匹配或打印行數(shù))

• BEGIN ：一般用來(lái)打印列名稱。

• END : 一般用來(lái)打印總結(jié)性質(zhì)的字符。

動(dòng)作

action 在{}內(nèi)指定，一般用來(lái)打印，也可以是一個(gè)代碼段。

示例

給上面的文本加入標(biāo)題頭:

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#??awk?'BEGIN?{print?"Name?????Math??Chinese??English?History??Sport?grade\n----------------------------------------------"}?{print?$0}'?students_store

Name?????????Math??Chinese??English?History??Sport??grade
----------------------------------------------------------
Xiaoka???????60????80???????40??????90?????77????class-1
Yizhihua?????70????66???????50??????80?????90????class-1
kerwin???????80????90???????60??????70?????60????class-2
Fengzheng????90????78???????62??????40?????62????class-2

僅打印姓名、數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)、班級(jí)信息，再加一個(gè)文尾(再接再厲):

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'BEGIN?{print?"Name???Math??grade\n---------------------"}?{print?$1?2?"\t"?$7}?END?{print?"continue?to?exert?oneself"}'?students_store

Name?????Math??grade
---------------------
Xiaoka???60???class-1
Yizhihua?70???class-1
kerwin???80???class-2
Fengzheng?90??class-2
continue?to?exert?oneself

結(jié)合正則

像grep和sed也是支持正則表達(dá)式的。這邊就不介紹正則表達(dá)式了，如果有興趣，我單出一個(gè)文章。

使用方法：

符號(hào) ~ ?后接正則表達(dá)式

此時(shí)我們?cè)偌尤胍粭l后來(lái)的新同學(xué)，并且沒(méi)有分班。

先來(lái)看下現(xiàn)在的數(shù)據(jù)

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?cat?students_store
Xiaoka???????60???80????40????90???77??class-1
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1
kerwin???????80????90???60????70???60??class-2
Fengzheng????90????78???62????40???62??class-2
xman?????????-?????-?????-?????-???-????-

模糊匹配|查詢已經(jīng)分班的學(xué)生

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'$0?~/class/'?students_store
Xiaoka???????60???80????40????90???77??class-1
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1
kerwin???????80????90???60?????70??60??class-2
Fengzheng????90????78???62?????40??62??class-2

精準(zhǔn)匹配|查詢1班的學(xué)生

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'$7=="class-1"?{print?$0}'??students_store
Xiaoka???????60???80????40????90???77??class-1
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1

反向匹配|查詢不是1班的學(xué)生

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'$7!="class-1"?{print?$0}'??students_store
kerwin???????80????90???60?????70???60??class-2
Fengzheng????90????78????62?????40??62?class-2
xman?????????-?????-?????-?????-???-????-

比較操作

查詢數(shù)學(xué)大于80的

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'$2>60?{print?$0}'??students_store
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1
kerwin???????80????90???60?????70???60??class-2
Fengzheng????90????78????62?????40??62?class-2

查詢數(shù)學(xué)大于英語(yǔ)成績(jī)的

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'$2?>?$4??{print?$0}'??students_store
Xiaoka???????60???80????40????90???77??class-1
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1
kerwin???????80????90???60????70???60??class-2
Fengzheng????90????78????62???40???62??class-2

匹配指定字符中的任意字符

在加一列專業(yè)，讓我們來(lái)看看憨憨們的專業(yè)，順便給最后一個(gè)新來(lái)的同學(xué)分個(gè)班吧。

然后再來(lái)看下此時(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)。

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?cat?students_store
Xiaoka???????60???80????40????90???77??class-1??Java
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1??java
kerwin???????80????90???60?????70???60??class-2?Java
Fengzheng????90????78????62?????40??62?class-2??java
xman?????????-?????-?????-?????-???-????class-3?php

或關(guān)系匹配|查詢1班和3班的學(xué)生

root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'$0?~/(class-1|class-3)/'?students_store
Xiaoka???????60???80????40????90???77??class-1??Java
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1??java
xman?????????-?????-?????-?????-???-???class-3?php

任意字符匹配|名字第二個(gè)字母是

字符解釋：

^ : 字段或記錄的開頭。

. : 任意字符。

root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'$0?~/(class-1|class-3)/'?students_store
Xiaoka???????60???80????40????90???77??class-1??Java
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1??java
xman?????????-?????-?????-?????-???-????class-3?php

復(fù)合表達(dá)式

&& AND

的關(guān)系，必同時(shí)滿足才行哦~

查詢數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)大于60并且語(yǔ)文成績(jī)也大于60的童鞋。

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'{?if?($2?>?60?&&?$3?>?60)?print?$0}'?students_store
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1??java
kerwin???????80????90???60????70???60??class-2??Java
Fengzheng????90????78????62???40???62??class-2??java

|| ?OR

查詢數(shù)學(xué)大于80或者語(yǔ)文大于80的童鞋。

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#??awk?'{?if?($2?>?80?||?$4?>?80)?print?$0}'?students_store
Fengzheng????90????78????62?????40??62?class-2??java

printf 格式化輸出

除了能達(dá)到功能以外，一個(gè)好看的格式也是必不可少的，因此格式化的輸出看起來(lái)會(huì)更舒服哦～

語(yǔ)法

printf ([格式]，參數(shù))

printf %x(格式) 具體參數(shù) x代表具體格式

格式轉(zhuǎn)化符

其實(shí)和其他語(yǔ)言大同小異的

常用格式

具體操作示例

ASCII碼?

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?echo?"66"?|?awk?'{printf?"%c\n",$0}'
B

浮點(diǎn)數(shù)

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'BEGIN?{printf?"%f\n",100}'
100.000000

16進(jìn)制數(shù)

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'BEGIN?{printf?"%x",996}'
3e4

更多操作，小伙伴有興趣可以挨個(gè)試試~

內(nèi)置變量

頻率較高常用內(nèi)置變量

NF ：記錄瀏覽域的個(gè)數(shù)，在記錄被讀后設(shè)置。

NR ：已讀的記錄數(shù)。

FS : 設(shè)置輸入域分隔符

A R G C ：命令行參數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)，支持命令行傳入。

RS : 控制記錄分隔符

FIlENAME : awk當(dāng)前讀文件的名稱

操作

輸出學(xué)生成績(jī)表和域個(gè)數(shù)以及已讀記錄數(shù)。

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'{print?$0,?NF?,?NR}'?students_store
Xiaoka???????60???80????40????90???77??class-1??Java?8?1
Yizhihua?????70????66???50????80???90??class-1??java?8?2
kerwin???????80????90???60?????70??60??class-2??Java?8?3
Fengzheng????90????78???62?????40??62??class-2??java?8?4
xman?????????-?????-?????-?????-???-???class-3??php??8?5

內(nèi)置函數(shù)

常用函數(shù)

length(s) ?返回s長(zhǎng)度

index(s,t) 返回s中字符串t第一次出現(xiàn)的位置

match (s,r) s中是否包含r字符串

split(s,a,fs) 在fs上將s分成序列a

gsub(r,s) 用s代替r，范圍全文本

gsub(r,s,t) 范圍t中，s代替r

substr(s,p) 返回字符串s從第p個(gè)位置開始后面的部分（下標(biāo)是從1 開始算的，大家可以自己試試）

substr(s,p,n) 返回字符串s從第p個(gè)位置開始后面n個(gè)字符串的部分

操作

length

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'BEGIN?{print?length("?hello,im?xiaoka")}'
16

index

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'BEGIN?{print?index("xiaoka","ok")}'
4

match

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'BEGIN?{print?match("Java小咖秀","va小")}'
3

gsub

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'gsub("Xiaoka","xk")?{print?$0}'?students_store
xk???????60???80????40????90???77??class-1??Java

substr(s,p)

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'BEGIN?{print?substr("xiaoka",3)}'
aoka

substr(s,p,n)

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'BEGIN?{print?substr("xiaoka",3,2)}'
ao

split

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?str="java,xiao,ka,xiu"
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?awk?'BEGIN{split('"\"$str\""',ary,",");?for(i?in?ary)?{if(ary[i]>1)?print?ary[i]}}'
xiu
java
xiao
ka

awk腳本

前面說(shuō)過(guò)awk是可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)小型編程語(yǔ)言。如果命令比較短我們可以直接在命令行執(zhí)行，當(dāng)命令行比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候，可以使用腳本來(lái)處理，比命令行的可讀性更高，還可以加上注釋。

寫一個(gè)完整的awk腳本并執(zhí)行步驟

1.先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)awk文件

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?vim?printname.awk

2.腳本第一行要指定解釋器

#!/usr/bin/awk?-f

3.編寫腳本內(nèi)容，打印一下名稱

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?cat?printname.awk
#!/usr/bin/awk?-f
#可以加注釋了，哈哈
BEGIN?{?print?"my?name?is?Java小咖秀"}

4.既然是腳本，必不可少的可執(zhí)行權(quán)限安排上~

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?chmod?+x?printname.awk
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?ll?printname.awk
-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root?60?7月???1?15:23?printname.awk

5.有了可執(zhí)行權(quán)限，我們來(lái)執(zhí)行下看結(jié)果

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz?~]#?./printname.awk
my?name?is?Java小咖秀

了解了寫awk腳本的步驟以后大家就可以自己去寫一波了～

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