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          Spring-Retry重試實(shí)現(xiàn)原理

          共 3447字,需瀏覽 7分鐘

           ·

          2020-12-17 03:42

          點(diǎn)擊上方藍(lán)色“小哈學(xué)Java”,選擇“設(shè)為星標(biāo)

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          本文來源:http://r6d.cn/LJJN

          概要

          Spring實(shí)現(xiàn)了一套重試機(jī)制,功能簡單實(shí)用。Spring Retry是從Spring Batch獨(dú)立出來的一個功能,已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于Spring Batch,Spring Integration, Spring for Apache Hadoop等Spring項(xiàng)目。本文將講述如何使用Spring Retry及其實(shí)現(xiàn)原理。

          背景

          重試,其實(shí)我們其實(shí)很多時候都需要的,為了保證容錯性,可用性,一致性等。一般用來應(yīng)對外部系統(tǒng)的一些不可預(yù)料的返回、異常等,特別是網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲,中斷等情況。還有在現(xiàn)在流行的微服務(wù)治理框架中,通常都有自己的重試與超時配置,比如dubbo可以設(shè)置retries=1,timeout=500調(diào)用失敗只重試1次,超過500ms調(diào)用仍未返回則調(diào)用失敗。

          如果我們要做重試,要為特定的某個操作做重試功能,則要硬編碼,大概邏輯基本都是寫個循環(huán),根據(jù)返回或異常,計數(shù)失敗次數(shù),然后設(shè)定退出條件。這樣做,且不說每個操作都要寫這種類似的代碼,而且重試邏輯和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯混在一起,給維護(hù)和擴(kuò)展帶來了麻煩。從面向?qū)ο蟮慕嵌葋砜矗覀儜?yīng)該把重試的代碼獨(dú)立出來。

          使用介紹

          基本使用

          先舉個例子:

          @Configuration??
          @EnableRetry??
          public?class?Application?{??
          ??
          ????@Bean??
          ????public?RetryService?retryService(){??
          ????????return?new?RetryService();??
          ????}??
          ??
          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?Exception{??
          ????????ApplicationContext?applicationContext?=?new?AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("springretry");??
          ????????RetryService?service1?=?applicationContext.getBean("service",?RetryService.class);??
          ????????service1.service();??
          ????}??
          }??
          ??
          @Service("service")??
          public?class?RetryService?{??
          ??
          ????@Retryable(value?=?IllegalAccessException.class,?maxAttempts?=?5,??
          ????????????backoff=?@Backoff(value?=?1500,?maxDelay?=?100000,?multiplier?=?1.2))??
          ????public?void?service()?throws?IllegalAccessException?{??
          ????????System.out.println("service?method...");??
          ????????throw?new?IllegalAccessException("manual?exception");??
          ????}??
          ??
          ????@Recover??
          ????public?void?recover(IllegalAccessException?e){??
          ????????System.out.println("service?retry?after?Recover?=>?"?+?e.getMessage());??
          ????}??
          ??
          }??

          @EnableRetry - 表示開啟重試機(jī)制 @Retryable - 表示這個方法需要重試,它有很豐富的參數(shù),可以滿足你對重試的需求 @Backoff - 表示重試中的退避策略 @Recover - 兜底方法,即多次重試后還是失敗就會執(zhí)行這個方法

          Spring-Retry 的功能豐富在于其重試策略和退避策略,還有兜底,監(jiān)聽器等操作。

          然后每個注解里面的參數(shù),都是很簡單的,大家看一下就知道是什么意思,怎么用了,我就不多講了。

          重試策略

          看一下Spring Retry自帶的一些重試策略,主要是用來判斷當(dāng)方法調(diào)用異常時是否需要重試。(下文原理部分會深入分析實(shí)現(xiàn))

          • SimpleRetryPolicy 默認(rèn)最多重試3次

          • TimeoutRetryPolicy 默認(rèn)在1秒內(nèi)失敗都會重試

          • ExpressionRetryPolicy 符合表達(dá)式就會重試

          • CircuitBreakerRetryPolicy 增加了熔斷的機(jī)制,如果不在熔斷狀態(tài),則允許重試

          • CompositeRetryPolicy 可以組合多個重試策略

          • NeverRetryPolicy 從不重試(也是一種重試策略哈)

          • AlwaysRetryPolicy 總是重試

          ….等等

          退避策略

          看一下退避策略,退避是指怎么去做下一次的重試,在這里其實(shí)就是等待多長時間。(下文原理部分會深入分析實(shí)現(xiàn))

          • FixedBackOffPolicy 默認(rèn)固定延遲1秒后執(zhí)行下一次重試

          • ExponentialBackOffPolicy 指數(shù)遞增延遲執(zhí)行重試,默認(rèn)初始0.1秒,系數(shù)是2,那么下次延遲0.2秒,再下次就是延遲0.4秒,如此類推,最大30秒。

          • ExponentialRandomBackOffPolicy 在上面那個策略上增加隨機(jī)性

          • UniformRandomBackOffPolicy 這個跟上面的區(qū)別就是,上面的延遲會不停遞增,這個只會在固定的區(qū)間隨機(jī)

          • StatelessBackOffPolicy 這個說明是無狀態(tài)的,所謂無狀態(tài)就是對上次的退避無感知,從它下面的子類也能看出來

          原理

          原理部分我想分開兩部分來講,一是重試機(jī)制的切入點(diǎn),即它是如何使得你的代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)重試功能的;二是重試機(jī)制的詳細(xì),包括重試的邏輯以及重試策略和退避策略的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

          切入點(diǎn)

          @EnableRetry

          @Target(ElementType.TYPE)??
          @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)??
          @EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass?=?false)??
          @Import(RetryConfiguration.class)??
          @Documented??
          public?@interface?EnableRetry?
          {??
          ??
          ?/**??
          ??*?Indicate?whether?subclass-based?(CGLIB)?proxies?are?to?be?created?as?opposed??
          ??*?to?standard?Java?interface-based?proxies.?The?default?is?{@code?false}.??
          ??*??
          ??*?@return?whether?to?proxy?or?not?to?proxy?the?class??
          ??*/
          ??
          ?boolean?proxyTargetClass()?default?false;??
          ??
          }??

          我們可以看到@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = false)這個并不陌生,就是打開Spring AOP功能。重點(diǎn)看看@Import(RetryConfiguration.class)@Import相當(dāng)于注冊這個Bean

          我們看看這個RetryConfiguration是個什么東西

          它是一個AbstractPointcutAdvisor,它有一個pointcut和一個advice。我們知道,在IOC過程中會根據(jù)PointcutAdvisor類來對Bean進(jìn)行Pointcut的過濾,然后生成對應(yīng)的AOP代理類,用advice來加強(qiáng)處理。看看RetryConfiguration的初始化:

          @PostConstruct??
          ?public?void?init()?{??
          ??Set>?retryableAnnotationTypes?=?new?LinkedHashSet>(1);??
          ??retryableAnnotationTypes.add(Retryable.class);??
          ????????//創(chuàng)建pointcut??
          ??this.pointcut?=?buildPointcut(retryableAnnotationTypes);??
          ????????//創(chuàng)建advice??
          ??this.advice?=?buildAdvice();??
          ??if?(this.advice?instanceof?BeanFactoryAware)?{??
          ???((BeanFactoryAware)?this.advice).setBeanFactory(beanFactory);??
          ??}??
          ?}??

          ~

          protected?Pointcut?buildPointcut(Set>?retryAnnotationTypes)?{??
          ??ComposablePointcut?result?=?null;??
          ??for?(Class?retryAnnotationType?:?retryAnnotationTypes)?{??
          ???Pointcut?filter?=?new?AnnotationClassOrMethodPointcut(retryAnnotationType);??
          ???if?(result?==?null)?{??
          ????result?=?new?ComposablePointcut(filter);??
          ???}??
          ???else?{??
          ????result.union(filter);??
          ???}??
          ??}??
          ??return?result;??
          ?}??

          上面代碼用到了AnnotationClassOrMethodPointcut,其實(shí)它最終還是用到了AnnotationMethodMatcher來根據(jù)注解進(jìn)行切入點(diǎn)的過濾。這里就是@Retryable注解了。

          //創(chuàng)建advice對象,即攔截器??
          ???protected?Advice?buildAdvice()?{??
          ????//下面關(guān)注這個對象??
          ?AnnotationAwareRetryOperationsInterceptor?interceptor?=?new?AnnotationAwareRetryOperationsInterceptor();??
          ?if?(retryContextCache?!=?null)?{??
          ??interceptor.setRetryContextCache(retryContextCache);??
          ?}??
          ?if?(retryListeners?!=?null)?{??
          ??interceptor.setListeners(retryListeners);??
          ?}??
          ?if?(methodArgumentsKeyGenerator?!=?null)?{??
          ??interceptor.setKeyGenerator(methodArgumentsKeyGenerator);??
          ?}??
          ?if?(newMethodArgumentsIdentifier?!=?null)?{??
          ??interceptor.setNewItemIdentifier(newMethodArgumentsIdentifier);??
          ?}??
          ?if?(sleeper?!=?null)?{??
          ??interceptor.setSleeper(sleeper);??
          ?}??
          ?return?interceptor;??
          }??

          AnnotationAwareRetryOperationsInterceptor

          可以看出AnnotationAwareRetryOperationsInterceptor是一個MethodInterceptor,在創(chuàng)建AOP代理過程中如果目標(biāo)方法符合pointcut的規(guī)則,它就會加到interceptor列表中,然后做增強(qiáng),我們看看invoke方法做了什么增強(qiáng)。

          @Override??
          ?public?Object?invoke(MethodInvocation?invocation)?throws?Throwable?{??
          ??MethodInterceptor?delegate?=?getDelegate(invocation.getThis(),?invocation.getMethod());??
          ??if?(delegate?!=?null)?{??
          ???return?delegate.invoke(invocation);??
          ??}??
          ??else?{??
          ???return?invocation.proceed();??
          ??}??
          ?}??

          這里用到了委托,主要是需要根據(jù)配置委托給具體“有狀態(tài)”的interceptor還是“無狀態(tài)”的interceptor。

          private?MethodInterceptor?getDelegate(Object?target,?Method?method)?{??
          ??if?(!this.delegates.containsKey(target)?||?!this.delegates.get(target).containsKey(method))?{??
          ???synchronized?(this.delegates)?{??
          ????if?(!this.delegates.containsKey(target))?{??
          ?????this.delegates.put(target,?new?HashMap());??
          ????}??
          ????Map?delegatesForTarget?=?this.delegates.get(target);??
          ????if?(!delegatesForTarget.containsKey(method))?{??
          ?????Retryable?retryable?=?AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method,?Retryable.class);??
          ?????if?(retryable?==?null)?{??
          ??????retryable?=?AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method.getDeclaringClass(),?Retryable.class);??
          ?????}??
          ?????if?(retryable?==?null)?{??
          ??????retryable?=?findAnnotationOnTarget(target,?method);??
          ?????}??
          ?????if?(retryable?==?null)?{??
          ??????return?delegatesForTarget.put(method,?null);??
          ?????}??
          ?????MethodInterceptor?delegate;??
          ?????//支持自定義MethodInterceptor,而且優(yōu)先級最高??
          ?????if?(StringUtils.hasText(retryable.interceptor()))?{??
          ??????delegate?=?this.beanFactory.getBean(retryable.interceptor(),?MethodInterceptor.class);??
          ?????}??
          ?????else?if?(retryable.stateful())?{??
          ?????????????????????//得到“有狀態(tài)”的interceptor??
          ??????delegate?=?getStatefulInterceptor(target,?method,?retryable);??
          ?????}??
          ?????else?{??
          ?????????????????????//得到“無狀態(tài)”的interceptor??
          ??????delegate?=?getStatelessInterceptor(target,?method,?retryable);??
          ?????}??
          ?????delegatesForTarget.put(method,?delegate);??
          ????}??
          ???}??
          ??}??
          ??return?this.delegates.get(target).get(method);??
          ?}??

          getStatefulInterceptor和getStatelessInterceptor都是差不多,我們先看看比較簡單的getStatelessInterceptor。

          private?MethodInterceptor?getStatelessInterceptor(Object?target,?Method?method,?Retryable?retryable)?{??
          ??//生成一個RetryTemplate??
          ??RetryTemplate?template?=?createTemplate(retryable.listeners());??
          ??//生成retryPolicy??
          ??template.setRetryPolicy(getRetryPolicy(retryable));??
          ??//生成backoffPolicy??
          ??template.setBackOffPolicy(getBackoffPolicy(retryable.backoff()));??
          ??return?RetryInterceptorBuilder.stateless()??
          ????.retryOperations(template)??
          ????.label(retryable.label())??
          ????.recoverer(getRecoverer(target,?method))??
          ????.build();??
          ?}??

          具體生成retryPolicy和backoffPolicy的規(guī)則,我們等下再回頭來看。RetryInterceptorBuilder其實(shí)就是為了生成RetryOperationsInterceptor。RetryOperationsInterceptor也是一個MethodInterceptor,我們來看看它的invoke方法。

          public?Object?invoke(final?MethodInvocation?invocation)?throws?Throwable?{??
          ??
          ??String?name;??
          ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(label))?{??
          ???name?=?label;??
          ??}?else?{??
          ???name?=?invocation.getMethod().toGenericString();??
          ??}??
          ??final?String?label?=?name;??
          ??
          ??//定義了一個RetryCallback,其實(shí)看它的doWithRetry方法,調(diào)用了invocation的proceed()方法,是不是有點(diǎn)眼熟,這就是AOP的攔截鏈調(diào)用,如果沒有攔截鏈,那就是對原來方法的調(diào)用。??
          ??RetryCallback?retryCallback?=?new?RetryCallback()?{??
          ??
          ???public?Object?doWithRetry(RetryContext?context)?throws?Exception?{??
          ??????
          ????context.setAttribute(RetryContext.NAME,?label);??
          ??
          ????/*??
          ?????*?If?we?don't?copy?the?invocation?carefully?it?won't?keep?a?reference?to??
          ?????*?the?other?interceptors?in?the?chain.?We?don't?have?a?choice?here?but?to??
          ?????*?specialise?to?ReflectiveMethodInvocation?(but?how?often?would?another??
          ?????*?implementation?come?along?).??
          ?????*/
          ??
          ????if?(invocation?instanceof?ProxyMethodInvocation)?{??
          ?????try?{??
          ??????return?((ProxyMethodInvocation)?invocation).invocableClone().proceed();??
          ?????}??
          ?????catch?(Exception?e)?{??
          ??????throw?e;??
          ?????}??
          ?????catch?(Error?e)?{??
          ??????throw?e;??
          ?????}??
          ?????catch?(Throwable?e)?{??
          ??????throw?new?IllegalStateException(e);??
          ?????}??
          ????}??
          ????else?{??
          ?????throw?new?IllegalStateException(??
          ???????"MethodInvocation?of?the?wrong?type?detected?-?this?should?not?happen?with?Spring?AOP,?"?+??
          ?????????"so?please?raise?an?issue?if?you?see?this?exception");??
          ????}??
          ???}??
          ??
          ??};??
          ??
          ??if?(recoverer?!=?null)?{??
          ???ItemRecovererCallback?recoveryCallback?=?new?ItemRecovererCallback(??
          ?????invocation.getArguments(),?recoverer);??
          ???return?this.retryOperations.execute(retryCallback,?recoveryCallback);??
          ??}??
          ??//最終還是進(jìn)入到retryOperations的execute方法,這個retryOperations就是在之前的builder set進(jìn)來的RetryTemplate。??
          ??return?this.retryOperations.execute(retryCallback);??
          ??
          ?}??

          無論是RetryOperationsInterceptor還是StatefulRetryOperationsInterceptor,最終的攔截處理邏輯還是調(diào)用到RetryTemplate的execute方法,從名字也看出來,RetryTemplate作為一個模板類,里面包含了重試統(tǒng)一邏輯。不過,我看這個RetryTemplate并不是很“模板”,因?yàn)樗鼪]有很多可以擴(kuò)展的地方。

          搜索Java知音公眾號,回復(fù)“后端面試”,送你一份Java面試題寶典.pdf

          重試邏輯及策略實(shí)現(xiàn)

          上面介紹了Spring Retry利用了AOP代理使重試機(jī)制對業(yè)務(wù)代碼進(jìn)行“入侵”。下面我們繼續(xù)看看重試的邏輯做了什么。RetryTemplate的doExecute方法。

          protected??T?doExecute(RetryCallback?retryCallback,??
          ???RecoveryCallback?recoveryCallback,?RetryState?state)
          ??
          ???throws?E,?ExhaustedRetryException?
          {??
          ??
          ??RetryPolicy?retryPolicy?=?this.retryPolicy;??
          ??BackOffPolicy?backOffPolicy?=?this.backOffPolicy;??
          ??
          ??//新建一個RetryContext來保存本輪重試的上下文??
          ??RetryContext?context?=?open(retryPolicy,?state);??
          ??if?(this.logger.isTraceEnabled())?{??
          ???this.logger.trace("RetryContext?retrieved:?"?+?context);??
          ??}??
          ??
          ??//?Make?sure?the?context?is?available?globally?for?clients?who?need??
          ??//?it...??
          ??RetrySynchronizationManager.register(context);??
          ??
          ??Throwable?lastException?=?null;??
          ??
          ??boolean?exhausted?=?false;??
          ??try?{??
          ??
          ???//如果有注冊RetryListener,則會調(diào)用它的open方法,給調(diào)用者一個通知。??
          ???boolean?running?=?doOpenInterceptors(retryCallback,?context);??
          ??
          ???if?(!running)?{??
          ????throw?new?TerminatedRetryException(??
          ??????"Retry?terminated?abnormally?by?interceptor?before?first?attempt");??
          ???}??
          ??
          ???//?Get?or?Start?the?backoff?context...??
          ???BackOffContext?backOffContext?=?null;??
          ???Object?resource?=?context.getAttribute("backOffContext");??
          ??
          ???if?(resource?instanceof?BackOffContext)?{??
          ????backOffContext?=?(BackOffContext)?resource;??
          ???}??
          ??
          ???if?(backOffContext?==?null)?{??
          ????backOffContext?=?backOffPolicy.start(context);??
          ????if?(backOffContext?!=?null)?{??
          ?????context.setAttribute("backOffContext",?backOffContext);??
          ????}??
          ???}??
          ??
          ???//判斷能否重試,就是調(diào)用RetryPolicy的canRetry方法來判斷。??
          ???//這個循環(huán)會直到原方法不拋出異常,或不需要再重試??
          ???while?(canRetry(retryPolicy,?context)?&&?!context.isExhaustedOnly())?{??
          ??
          ????try?{??
          ?????if?(this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{??
          ??????this.logger.debug("Retry:?count="?+?context.getRetryCount());??
          ?????}??
          ?????//清除上次記錄的異常??
          ?????lastException?=?null;??
          ?????//doWithRetry方法,一般來說就是原方法??
          ?????return?retryCallback.doWithRetry(context);??
          ????}??
          ????catch?(Throwable?e)?{??
          ?????//原方法拋出了異常??
          ?????lastException?=?e;??
          ??
          ?????try?{??
          ??????//記錄異常信息??
          ??????registerThrowable(retryPolicy,?state,?context,?e);??
          ?????}??
          ?????catch?(Exception?ex)?{??
          ??????throw?new?TerminatedRetryException("Could?not?register?throwable",??
          ????????ex);??
          ?????}??
          ?????finally?{??
          ??????//調(diào)用RetryListener的onError方法??
          ??????doOnErrorInterceptors(retryCallback,?context,?e);??
          ?????}??
          ?????//再次判斷能否重試??
          ?????if?(canRetry(retryPolicy,?context)?&&?!context.isExhaustedOnly())?{??
          ??????try?{??
          ???????//如果可以重試則走退避策略??
          ???????backOffPolicy.backOff(backOffContext);??
          ??????}??
          ??????catch?(BackOffInterruptedException?ex)?{??
          ???????lastException?=?e;??
          ???????//?back?off?was?prevented?by?another?thread?-?fail?the?retry??
          ???????if?(this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{??
          ????????this.logger??
          ??????????.debug("Abort?retry?because?interrupted:?count="??
          ????????????+?context.getRetryCount());??
          ???????}??
          ???????throw?ex;??
          ??????}??
          ?????}??
          ??
          ?????if?(this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{??
          ??????this.logger.debug(??
          ????????"Checking?for?rethrow:?count="?+?context.getRetryCount());??
          ?????}??
          ??
          ?????if?(shouldRethrow(retryPolicy,?context,?state))?{??
          ??????if?(this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{??
          ???????this.logger.debug("Rethrow?in?retry?for?policy:?count="??
          ?????????+?context.getRetryCount());??
          ??????}??
          ??????throw?RetryTemplate.wrapIfNecessary(e);??
          ?????}??
          ??
          ????}??
          ??
          ????/*??
          ?????*?A?stateful?attempt?that?can?retry?may?rethrow?the?exception?before?now,??
          ?????*?but?if?we?get?this?far?in?a?stateful?retry?there's?a?reason?for?it,??
          ?????*?like?a?circuit?breaker?or?a?rollback?classifier.??
          ?????*/
          ??
          ????if?(state?!=?null?&&?context.hasAttribute(GLOBAL_STATE))?{??
          ?????break;??
          ????}??
          ???}??
          ??
          ???if?(state?==?null?&&?this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{??
          ????this.logger.debug(??
          ??????"Retry?failed?last?attempt:?count="?+?context.getRetryCount());??
          ???}??
          ??
          ???exhausted?=?true;??
          ???//重試結(jié)束后如果有兜底Recovery方法則執(zhí)行,否則拋異常??
          ???return?handleRetryExhausted(recoveryCallback,?context,?state);??
          ??
          ??}??
          ??catch?(Throwable?e)?{??
          ???throw?RetryTemplate.wrapIfNecessary(e);??
          ??}??
          ??finally?{??
          ???//處理一些關(guān)閉邏輯??
          ???close(retryPolicy,?context,?state,?lastException?==?null?||?exhausted);??
          ???//調(diào)用RetryListener的close方法??
          ???doCloseInterceptors(retryCallback,?context,?lastException);??
          ???RetrySynchronizationManager.clear();??
          ??}??
          ??
          ?}??

          主要核心重試邏輯就是上面的代碼了,看上去還是挺簡單的。在上面,我們漏掉了RetryPolicy的canRetry方法和BackOffPolicy的backOff方法,以及這兩個Policy是怎么來的。我們回頭看看getStatelessInterceptor方法中的getRetryPolicygetRetryPolicy方法。

          private?RetryPolicy?getRetryPolicy(Annotation?retryable)?{??
          ??Map?attrs?=?AnnotationUtils.getAnnotationAttributes(retryable);??
          ??@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")??
          ??Class[]?includes?=?(Class[])?attrs.get("value");??
          ??String?exceptionExpression?=?(String)?attrs.get("exceptionExpression");??
          ??boolean?hasExpression?=?StringUtils.hasText(exceptionExpression);??
          ??if?(includes.length?==?0)?{??
          ???@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")??
          ???Class[]?value?=?(Class[])?attrs.get("include");??
          ???includes?=?value;??
          ??}??
          ??@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")??
          ??Class[]?excludes?=?(Class[])?attrs.get("exclude");??
          ??Integer?maxAttempts?=?(Integer)?attrs.get("maxAttempts");??
          ??String?maxAttemptsExpression?=?(String)?attrs.get("maxAttemptsExpression");??
          ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(maxAttemptsExpression))?{??
          ???maxAttempts?=?PARSER.parseExpression(resolve(maxAttemptsExpression),?PARSER_CONTEXT)??
          ?????.getValue(this.evaluationContext,?Integer.class);??
          ??}??
          ??if?(includes.length?==?0?&&?excludes.length?==?0)?{??
          ???SimpleRetryPolicy?simple?=?hasExpression???new?ExpressionRetryPolicy(resolve(exceptionExpression))??
          ???????????????.withBeanFactory(this.beanFactory)??
          ??????????????:?new?SimpleRetryPolicy();??
          ???simple.setMaxAttempts(maxAttempts);??
          ???return?simple;??
          ??}??
          ??Map,?Boolean>?policyMap?=?new?HashMap,?Boolean>();??
          ??for?(Class?type?:?includes)?{??
          ???policyMap.put(type,?true);??
          ??}??
          ??for?(Class?type?:?excludes)?{??
          ???policyMap.put(type,?false);??
          ??}??
          ??boolean?retryNotExcluded?=?includes.length?==?0;??
          ??if?(hasExpression)?{??
          ???return?new?ExpressionRetryPolicy(maxAttempts,?policyMap,?true,?exceptionExpression,?retryNotExcluded)??
          ?????.withBeanFactory(this.beanFactory);??
          ??}??
          ??else?{??
          ???return?new?SimpleRetryPolicy(maxAttempts,?policyMap,?true,?retryNotExcluded);??
          ??}??
          ?}??

          嗯~,代碼不難,這里簡單做一下總結(jié)好了。就是通過@Retryable注解中的參數(shù),來判斷具體使用文章開頭說到的哪個重試策略,是SimpleRetryPolicy還是ExpressionRetryPolicy等。

          private?BackOffPolicy?getBackoffPolicy(Backoff?backoff)?{??
          ??long?min?=?backoff.delay()?==?0???backoff.value()?:?backoff.delay();??
          ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(backoff.delayExpression()))?{??
          ???min?=?PARSER.parseExpression(resolve(backoff.delayExpression()),?PARSER_CONTEXT)??
          ?????.getValue(this.evaluationContext,?Long.class);??
          ??}??
          ??long?max?=?backoff.maxDelay();??
          ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(backoff.maxDelayExpression()))?{??
          ???max?=?PARSER.parseExpression(resolve(backoff.maxDelayExpression()),?PARSER_CONTEXT)??
          ?????.getValue(this.evaluationContext,?Long.class);??
          ??}??
          ??double?multiplier?=?backoff.multiplier();??
          ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(backoff.multiplierExpression()))?{??
          ???multiplier?=?PARSER.parseExpression(resolve(backoff.multiplierExpression()),?PARSER_CONTEXT)??
          ?????.getValue(this.evaluationContext,?Double.class);??
          ??}??
          ??if?(multiplier?>?0)?{??
          ???ExponentialBackOffPolicy?policy?=?new?ExponentialBackOffPolicy();??
          ???if?(backoff.random())?{??
          ????policy?=?new?ExponentialRandomBackOffPolicy();??
          ???}??
          ???policy.setInitialInterval(min);??
          ???policy.setMultiplier(multiplier);??
          ???policy.setMaxInterval(max?>?min???max?:?ExponentialBackOffPolicy.DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL);??
          ???if?(this.sleeper?!=?null)?{??
          ????policy.setSleeper(this.sleeper);??
          ???}??
          ???return?policy;??
          ??}??
          ??if?(max?>?min)?{??
          ???UniformRandomBackOffPolicy?policy?=?new?UniformRandomBackOffPolicy();??
          ???policy.setMinBackOffPeriod(min);??
          ???policy.setMaxBackOffPeriod(max);??
          ???if?(this.sleeper?!=?null)?{??
          ????policy.setSleeper(this.sleeper);??
          ???}??
          ???return?policy;??
          ??}??
          ??FixedBackOffPolicy?policy?=?new?FixedBackOffPolicy();??
          ??policy.setBackOffPeriod(min);??
          ??if?(this.sleeper?!=?null)?{??
          ???policy.setSleeper(this.sleeper);??
          ??}??
          ??return?policy;??
          ?}??

          嗯~,一樣的味道。就是通過@Backoff注解中的參數(shù),來判斷具體使用文章開頭說到的哪個退避策略,是FixedBackOffPolicy還是UniformRandomBackOffPolicy等。

          那么每個RetryPolicy都會重寫canRetry方法,然后在RetryTemplate判斷是否需要重試。我們看看SimpleRetryPolicy的

          @Override??
          ?public?boolean?canRetry(RetryContext?context)?{??
          ??Throwable?t?=?context.getLastThrowable();??
          ??//判斷拋出的異常是否符合重試的異常??
          ??//還有,是否超過了重試的次數(shù)??
          ??return?(t?==?null?||?retryForException(t))?&&?context.getRetryCount()??}??

          同樣,我們看看FixedBackOffPolicy的退避方法。

          protected?void?doBackOff()?throws?BackOffInterruptedException?{??
          ??try?{??
          ???//就是sleep固定的時間??
          ???sleeper.sleep(backOffPeriod);??
          ??}??
          ??catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{??
          ???throw?new?BackOffInterruptedException("Thread?interrupted?while?sleeping",?e);??
          ??}??
          ?}??

          至此,重試的主要原理以及邏輯大概就是這樣了。

          RetryContext

          我覺得有必要說說RetryContext,先看看它的繼承關(guān)系。

          可以看出對每一個策略都有對應(yīng)的Context。

          在Spring Retry里,其實(shí)每一個策略都是單例來的。我剛開始直覺是對每一個需要重試的方法都會new一個策略,這樣重試策略之間才不會產(chǎn)生沖突,但是一想就知道這樣就可能多出了很多策略對象出來,增加了使用者的負(fù)擔(dān),這不是一個好的設(shè)計。

          Spring Retry采用了一個更加輕量級的做法,就是針對每一個需要重試的方法只new一個上下文Context對象,然后在重試時,把這個Context傳到策略里,策略再根據(jù)這個Context做重試,而且Spring Retry還對這個Context做了cache。這樣就相當(dāng)于對重試的上下文做了優(yōu)化。

          總結(jié)

          Spring Retry通過AOP機(jī)制來實(shí)現(xiàn)對業(yè)務(wù)代碼的重試”入侵“,RetryTemplate中包含了核心的重試邏輯,還提供了豐富的重試策略和退避策略。

          參考資料

          • http://www.10tiao.com/html/164/201705/2652898434/1.html
          • https://www.jianshu.com/p/58e753ca0151
          • https://paper.tuisec.win/detail/90bd660fad92183

          END


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