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          面試官問(wèn):生成訂單30分鐘未支付,則自動(dòng)取消,該怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)?

          共 6393字,需瀏覽 13分鐘

           ·

          2021-11-07 05:26

          來(lái)自:CSDN,作者:hjm4702192

          鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/hjm4702192/article/details/80519010

          在開(kāi)發(fā)中,往往會(huì)遇到一些關(guān)于延時(shí)任務(wù)的需求。例如

          • 生成訂單30分鐘未支付,則自動(dòng)取消
          • 生成訂單60秒后,給用戶發(fā)短信

          對(duì)上述的任務(wù),我們給一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)的名字來(lái)形容,那就是延時(shí)任務(wù)。那么這里就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)問(wèn)題,這個(gè)延時(shí)任務(wù)和定時(shí)任務(wù)的區(qū)別究竟在哪里呢?一共有如下幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別

          定時(shí)任務(wù)有明確的觸發(fā)時(shí)間,延時(shí)任務(wù)沒(méi)有

          定時(shí)任務(wù)有執(zhí)行周期,而延時(shí)任務(wù)在某事件觸發(fā)后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)執(zhí)行,沒(méi)有執(zhí)行周期

          定時(shí)任務(wù)一般執(zhí)行的是批處理操作是多個(gè)任務(wù),而延時(shí)任務(wù)一般是單個(gè)任務(wù)

          下面,我們以判斷訂單是否超時(shí)為例,進(jìn)行方案分析

          方案分析

          (1)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)輪詢(xún)

          思路

          該方案通常是在小型項(xiàng)目中使用,即通過(guò)一個(gè)線程定時(shí)的去掃描數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),通過(guò)訂單時(shí)間來(lái)判斷是否有超時(shí)的訂單,然后進(jìn)行update或delete等操作

          實(shí)現(xiàn)

          博主當(dāng)年早期是用quartz來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的(實(shí)習(xí)那會(huì)的事),簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下

          maven項(xiàng)目引入一個(gè)依賴(lài)如下所示


          ????org.quartz-scheduler
          ????quartz
          ????2.2.2

          調(diào)用Demo類(lèi)MyJob如下所示

          package?com.rjzheng.delay1;

          import?org.quartz.JobBuilder;

          import?org.quartz.JobDetail;

          import?org.quartz.Scheduler;

          import?org.quartz.SchedulerException;

          import?org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;

          import?org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;

          import?org.quartz.Trigger;

          import?org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;

          import?org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

          import?org.quartz.Job;

          import?org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;

          import?org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

          public?class?MyJob?implements?Job?{

          ????public?void?execute(JobExecutionContext?context)

          ????????????throws?JobExecutionException?{

          ????????System.out.println("要去數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)掃描啦。。。");

          ????}

          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?Exception?{

          ????????//?創(chuàng)建任務(wù)

          ????????JobDetail?jobDetail?=?JobBuilder.newJob(MyJob.class)

          ????????????????.withIdentity("job1",?"group1").build();

          ????????//?創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器?每3秒鐘執(zhí)行一次

          ????????Trigger?trigger?=?TriggerBuilder

          ????????????????.newTrigger()

          ????????????????.withIdentity("trigger1",?"group3")

          ????????????????.withSchedule(

          ????????????????????????SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()

          ????????????????????????????????.withIntervalInSeconds(3).repeatForever())

          ????????????????.build();

          ????????Scheduler?scheduler?=?new?StdSchedulerFactory().getScheduler();

          ????????//?將任務(wù)及其觸發(fā)器放入調(diào)度器

          ????????scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,?trigger);

          ????????//?調(diào)度器開(kāi)始調(diào)度任務(wù)

          ????????scheduler.start();

          ????}

          }

          運(yùn)行代碼,可發(fā)現(xiàn)每隔3秒,輸出如下

          要去數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)掃描啦。。。

          優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

          優(yōu)點(diǎn):簡(jiǎn)單易行,支持集群操作

          缺點(diǎn):(1)對(duì)服務(wù)器內(nèi)存消耗大

          (2)存在延遲,比如你每隔3分鐘掃描一次,那最壞的延遲時(shí)間就是3分鐘

          (3)假設(shè)你的訂單有幾千萬(wàn)條,每隔幾分鐘這樣掃描一次,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)損耗極大

          (2)JDK的延遲隊(duì)列

          思路

          該方案是利用JDK自帶的DelayQueue來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),這是一個(gè)無(wú)界阻塞隊(duì)列,該隊(duì)列只有在延遲期滿的時(shí)候才能從中獲取元素,放入DelayQueue中的對(duì)象,是必須實(shí)現(xiàn)Delayed接口的。

          DelayedQueue實(shí)現(xiàn)工作流程如下圖所示

          圖片

          其中Poll():獲取并移除隊(duì)列的超時(shí)元素,沒(méi)有則返回空

          take():獲取并移除隊(duì)列的超時(shí)元素,如果沒(méi)有則wait當(dāng)前線程,直到有元素滿足超時(shí)條件,返回結(jié)果。

          實(shí)現(xiàn)

          定義一個(gè)類(lèi)OrderDelay實(shí)現(xiàn)Delayed,代碼如下

          package?com.rjzheng.delay2;

          import?java.util.concurrent.Delayed;

          import?java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

          public?class?OrderDelay?implements?Delayed?{

          ????private?String?orderId;

          ????private?long?timeout;

          ????OrderDelay(String?orderId,?long?timeout)?{

          ????????this.orderId?=?orderId;

          ????????this.timeout?=?timeout?+?System.nanoTime();

          ????}

          ????public?int?compareTo(Delayed?other)?{

          ????????if?(other?==?this)

          ????????????return?0;

          ????????OrderDelay?t?=?(OrderDelay)?other;

          ????????long?d?=?(getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)?-?t

          ????????????????.getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));

          ????????return?(d?==?0)???0?:?((d?
          ????}

          ????//?返回距離你自定義的超時(shí)時(shí)間還有多少

          ????public?long?getDelay(TimeUnit?unit)?{

          ????????return?unit.convert(timeout?-?System.nanoTime(),TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);

          ????}

          ????void?print()?{

          ????????System.out.println(orderId+"編號(hào)的訂單要?jiǎng)h除啦。。。。");

          ????}

          }

          運(yùn)行的測(cè)試Demo為,我們?cè)O(shè)定延遲時(shí)間為3秒

          package?com.rjzheng.delay2;

          import?java.util.ArrayList;

          import?java.util.List;

          import?java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;

          import?java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

          public?class?DelayQueueDemo?{

          ?????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{??

          ????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub??

          ????????????List?list?=?new?ArrayList();??

          ????????????list.add("00000001");??

          ????????????list.add("00000002");??

          ????????????list.add("00000003");??

          ????????????list.add("00000004");??

          ????????????list.add("00000005");??

          ????????????DelayQueue?queue?=?newDelayQueue();??

          ????????????long?start?=?System.currentTimeMillis();??

          ????????????for(int?i?=?0;i<5;i++){??

          ????????????????//延遲三秒取出

          ????????????????queue.put(new?OrderDelay(list.get(i),??

          ????????????????????????TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.convert(3,TimeUnit.SECONDS)));??

          ????????????????????try?{??

          ?????????????????????????queue.take().print();??

          ?????????????????????????System.out.println("After?"?+??

          ?????????????????????????????????(System.currentTimeMillis()-start)?+?"?MilliSeconds");??

          ????????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{??

          ????????????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block??

          ????????????????????e.printStackTrace();??

          ????????????????}??

          ????????????}??

          ????????}??

          }

          輸出如下

          00000001編號(hào)的訂單要?jiǎng)h除啦。。。。

          After?3003?MilliSeconds

          00000002編號(hào)的訂單要?jiǎng)h除啦。。。。

          After?6006?MilliSeconds

          00000003編號(hào)的訂單要?jiǎng)h除啦。。。。

          After?9006?MilliSeconds

          00000004編號(hào)的訂單要?jiǎng)h除啦。。。。

          After?12008?MilliSeconds

          00000005編號(hào)的訂單要?jiǎng)h除啦。。。。

          After?15009?MilliSeconds

          可以看到都是延遲3秒,訂單被刪除

          優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

          優(yōu)點(diǎn):效率高,任務(wù)觸發(fā)時(shí)間延遲低。

          缺點(diǎn):

          (1)服務(wù)器重啟后,數(shù)據(jù)全部消失,怕宕機(jī) (2)集群擴(kuò)展相當(dāng)麻煩 (3)因?yàn)閮?nèi)存條件限制的原因,比如下單未付款的訂單數(shù)太多,那么很容易就出現(xiàn)OOM異常 (4)代碼復(fù)雜度較高

          (3)時(shí)間輪算法

          思路

          先上一張時(shí)間輪的圖(這圖到處都是啦)

          圖片

          時(shí)間輪算法可以類(lèi)比于時(shí)鐘,如上圖箭頭(指針)按某一個(gè)方向按固定頻率輪動(dòng),每一次跳動(dòng)稱(chēng)為一個(gè) tick。這樣可以看出定時(shí)輪由個(gè)3個(gè)重要的屬性參數(shù),ticksPerWheel(一輪的tick數(shù)),tickDuration(一個(gè)tick的持續(xù)時(shí)間)以及 timeUnit(時(shí)間單位),例如當(dāng)ticksPerWheel=60,tickDuration=1,timeUnit=秒,這就和現(xiàn)實(shí)中的始終的秒針走動(dòng)完全類(lèi)似了。

          如果當(dāng)前指針指在1上面,我有一個(gè)任務(wù)需要4秒以后執(zhí)行,那么這個(gè)執(zhí)行的線程回調(diào)或者消息將會(huì)被放在5上。那如果需要在20秒之后執(zhí)行怎么辦,由于這個(gè)環(huán)形結(jié)構(gòu)槽數(shù)只到8,如果要20秒,指針需要多轉(zhuǎn)2圈。位置是在2圈之后的5上面(20 % 8 + 1)

          實(shí)現(xiàn)

          我們用Netty的HashedWheelTimer來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)

          給Pom加上下面的依賴(lài)



          ????io.netty

          ????netty-all

          ????4.1.24.Final


          測(cè)試代碼HashedWheelTimerTest如下所示

          package?com.rjzheng.delay3;

          import?io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer;

          import?io.netty.util.Timeout;

          import?io.netty.util.Timer;

          import?io.netty.util.TimerTask;

          import?java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

          public?class?HashedWheelTimerTest?{

          ????static?class?MyTimerTask?implements?TimerTask{

          ????????boolean?flag;

          ????????public?MyTimerTask(boolean?flag){

          ????????????this.flag?=?flag;

          ????????}

          ????????public?void?run(Timeout?timeout)?throws?Exception?{

          ????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub

          ?????????????System.out.println("要去數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)刪除訂單了。。。。");

          ?????????????this.flag?=false;

          ????????}

          ????}

          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?argv)?{

          ????????MyTimerTask?timerTask?=?new?MyTimerTask(true);

          ????????Timer?timer?=?new?HashedWheelTimer();

          ????????timer.newTimeout(timerTask,?5,?TimeUnit.SECONDS);

          ????????int?i?=?1;

          ????????while(timerTask.flag){

          ????????????try?{

          ????????????????Thread.sleep(1000);

          ????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{

          ????????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block

          ????????????????e.printStackTrace();

          ????????????}

          ????????????System.out.println(i+"秒過(guò)去了");

          ????????????i++;

          ????????}

          ????}

          }

          輸出如下

          1秒過(guò)去了

          2秒過(guò)去了

          3秒過(guò)去了

          4秒過(guò)去了

          5秒過(guò)去了

          要去數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)刪除訂單了。。。。

          6秒過(guò)去了

          優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

          優(yōu)點(diǎn):效率高,任務(wù)觸發(fā)時(shí)間延遲時(shí)間比delayQueue低,代碼復(fù)雜度比delayQueue低。

          缺點(diǎn):

          (1)服務(wù)器重啟后,數(shù)據(jù)全部消失,怕宕機(jī)

          (2)集群擴(kuò)展相當(dāng)麻煩

          (3)因?yàn)閮?nèi)存條件限制的原因,比如下單未付款的訂單數(shù)太多,那么很容易就出現(xiàn)OOM異常

          (4)redis緩存

          • 思路一

          利用redis的zset,zset是一個(gè)有序集合,每一個(gè)元素(member)都關(guān)聯(lián)了一個(gè)score,通過(guò)score排序來(lái)取集合中的值

          添加元素:ZADD key score member [[score member] [score member] …]

          按順序查詢(xún)?cè)?ZRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]

          查詢(xún)?cè)豷core:ZSCORE key member

          移除元素:ZREM key member [member …]

          測(cè)試如下

          添加單個(gè)元素

          redis>?ZADD?page_rank?10?google.com

          (integer)?1

          添加多個(gè)元素

          redis>?ZADD?page_rank?9?baidu.com?8?bing.com

          (integer)?2

          redis>?ZRANGE?page_rank?0?-1?WITHSCORES

          1)?"bing.com"

          2)?"8"

          3)?"baidu.com"

          4)?"9"

          5)?"google.com"

          6)?"10"

          查詢(xún)?cè)氐膕core值

          redis>?ZSCORE?page_rank?bing.com

          "8"

          移除單個(gè)元素

          redis>?ZREM?page_rank?google.com

          (integer)?1

          redis>?ZRANGE?page_rank?0?-1?WITHSCORES

          1)?"bing.com"

          2)?"8"

          3)?"baidu.com"

          4)?"9"

          那么如何實(shí)現(xiàn)呢?我們將訂單超時(shí)時(shí)間戳與訂單號(hào)分別設(shè)置為score和member,系統(tǒng)掃描第一個(gè)元素判斷是否超時(shí),具體如下圖所示

          圖片

          實(shí)現(xiàn)一

          package?com.rjzheng.delay4;

          import?java.util.Calendar;

          import?java.util.Set;

          import?redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;

          import?redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;

          import?redis.clients.jedis.Tuple;

          public?class?AppTest?{

          ????private?static?final?String?ADDR?=?"127.0.0.1";

          ????private?static?final?int?PORT?=?6379;

          ????private?static?JedisPool?jedisPool?=?new?JedisPool(ADDR,?PORT);

          ????public?static?Jedis?getJedis()?{

          ???????return?jedisPool.getResource();

          ????}

          ????//生產(chǎn)者,生成5個(gè)訂單放進(jìn)去

          ????public?void?productionDelayMessage(){

          ????????for(int?i=0;i<5;i++){

          ????????????//延遲3秒

          ????????????Calendar?cal1?=?Calendar.getInstance();

          ????????????cal1.add(Calendar.SECOND,?3);

          ????????????int?second3later?=?(int)?(cal1.getTimeInMillis()?/?1000);

          ????????????AppTest.getJedis().zadd("OrderId",second3later,"OID0000001"+i);

          ????????????System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+"ms:redis生成了一個(gè)訂單任務(wù):訂單ID為"+"OID0000001"+i);

          ????????}

          ????}

          ????//消費(fèi)者,取訂單

          ????public?void?consumerDelayMessage(){

          ????????Jedis?jedis?=?AppTest.getJedis();

          ????????while(true){

          ????????????Set?items?=?jedis.zrangeWithScores("OrderId",?0,?1);

          ????????????if(items?==?null?||?items.isEmpty()){

          ????????????????System.out.println("當(dāng)前沒(méi)有等待的任務(wù)");

          ????????????????try?{

          ????????????????????Thread.sleep(500);

          ????????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{

          ????????????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block

          ????????????????????e.printStackTrace();

          ????????????????}

          ????????????????continue;

          ????????????}

          ????????????int??score?=?(int)?((Tuple)items.toArray()[0]).getScore();

          ????????????Calendar?cal?=?Calendar.getInstance();

          ????????????int?nowSecond?=?(int)?(cal.getTimeInMillis()?/?1000);

          ????????????if(nowSecond?>=?score){

          ????????????????String?orderId?=?((Tuple)items.toArray()[0]).getElement();

          ????????????????jedis.zrem("OrderId",?orderId);

          ????????????????System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()?+"ms:redis消費(fèi)了一個(gè)任務(wù):消費(fèi)的訂單OrderId為"+orderId);

          ????????????}

          ????????}

          ????}

          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{

          ????????AppTest?appTest?=new?AppTest();

          ????????appTest.productionDelayMessage();

          ????????appTest.consumerDelayMessage();

          ????}

          }

          此時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)輸出如下

          圖片

          可以看到,幾乎都是3秒之后,消費(fèi)訂單。

          然而,這一版存在一個(gè)致命的硬傷,在高并發(fā)條件下,多消費(fèi)者會(huì)取到同一個(gè)訂單號(hào),我們上測(cè)試代碼ThreadTest

          package?com.rjzheng.delay4;

          import?java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

          public?class?ThreadTest?{

          ????private?static?final?int?threadNum?=?10;

          ????private?static?CountDownLatch?cdl?=?newCountDownLatch(threadNum);

          ????static?class?DelayMessage?implements?Runnable{

          ????????public?void?run()?{

          ????????????try?{

          ????????????????cdl.await();

          ????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{

          ????????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?catch?block

          ????????????????e.printStackTrace();

          ????????????}

          ????????????AppTest?appTest?=new?AppTest();

          ????????????appTest.consumerDelayMessage();

          ????????}

          ????}

          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{

          ????????AppTest?appTest?=new?AppTest();

          ????????appTest.productionDelayMessage();

          ????????for(int?i=0;i
          ????????????new?Thread(new?DelayMessage()).start();

          ????????????cdl.countDown();

          ????????}

          ????}

          }

          輸出如下所示

          圖片

          顯然,出現(xiàn)了多個(gè)線程消費(fèi)同一個(gè)資源的情況。

          解決方案

          (1)用分布式鎖,但是用分布式鎖,性能下降了,該方案不細(xì)說(shuō)。

          (2)對(duì)ZREM的返回值進(jìn)行判斷,只有大于0的時(shí)候,才消費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù),于是將consumerDelayMessage()方法里的

          if(nowSecond?>=?score){

          ????String?orderId?=?((Tuple)items.toArray()[0]).getElement();

          ????jedis.zrem("OrderId",?orderId);

          ????System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+"ms:redis消費(fèi)了一個(gè)任務(wù):消費(fèi)的訂單OrderId為"+orderId);

          }

          修改為

          if(nowSecond?>=?score){

          ????String?orderId?=?((Tuple)items.toArray()[0]).getElement();

          ????Long?num?=?jedis.zrem("OrderId",?orderId);

          ????if(?num?!=?null?&&?num>0){

          ????????System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+"ms:redis消費(fèi)了一個(gè)任務(wù):消費(fèi)的訂單OrderId為"+orderId);

          ????}

          }

          在這種修改后,重新運(yùn)行ThreadTest類(lèi),發(fā)現(xiàn)輸出正常了

          • 思路二

          該方案使用redis的Keyspace Notifications,中文翻譯就是鍵空間機(jī)制,就是利用該機(jī)制可以在key失效之后,提供一個(gè)回調(diào),實(shí)際上是redis會(huì)給客戶端發(fā)送一個(gè)消息。是需要redis版本2.8以上。

          實(shí)現(xiàn)二

          在redis.conf中,加入一條配置

          notify-keyspace-events Ex

          運(yùn)行代碼如下

          package?com.rjzheng.delay5;

          import?redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;

          import?redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;

          import?redis.clients.jedis.JedisPubSub;

          public?class?RedisTest?{

          ????private?static?final?String?ADDR?=?"127.0.0.1";

          ????private?static?final?int?PORT?=?6379;

          ????private?static?JedisPool?jedis?=?new?JedisPool(ADDR,?PORT);

          ????private?static?RedisSub?sub?=?new?RedisSub();

          ????public?static?void?init()?{

          ????????new?Thread(new?Runnable()?{

          ????????????public?void?run()?{

          ????????????????jedis.getResource().subscribe(sub,?"__keyevent@0__:expired");

          ????????????}

          ????????}).start();

          ????}

          ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{

          ????????init();

          ????????for(int?i?=0;i<10;i++){

          ????????????String?orderId?=?"OID000000"+i;

          ????????????jedis.getResource().setex(orderId,?3,?orderId);

          ????????????System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+"ms:"+orderId+"訂單生成");

          ????????}

          ????}

          ????static?class?RedisSub?extends?JedisPubSub?{

          ????????'http://www.jobbole.com/members/wx610506454'>@Override

          ????????public?void?onMessage(String?channel,?String?message)?{

          ????????????System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+"ms:"+message+"訂單取消");

          ????????}

          ????}

          }

          輸出如下

          圖片

          可以明顯看到3秒過(guò)后,訂單取消了

          ps:redis的pub/sub機(jī)制存在一個(gè)硬傷,官網(wǎng)內(nèi)容如下

          原:Because Redis Pub/Sub is fire and forget currently there is no way to use this feature if your application demands reliable notification of events, that is, if your Pub/Sub client disconnects, and reconnects later, all the events delivered during the time the client was disconnected are lost.

          翻: Redis的發(fā)布/訂閱目前是即發(fā)即棄(fire and forget)模式的,因此無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)事件的可靠通知。也就是說(shuō),如果發(fā)布/訂閱的客戶端斷鏈之后又重連,則在客戶端斷鏈期間的所有事件都丟失了。因此,方案二不是太推薦。當(dāng)然,如果你對(duì)可靠性要求不高,可以使用。

          優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

          優(yōu)點(diǎn):(1)由于使用Redis作為消息通道,消息都存儲(chǔ)在Redis中。如果發(fā)送程序或者任務(wù)處理程序掛了,重啟之后,還有重新處理數(shù)據(jù)的可能性。(2)做集群擴(kuò)展相當(dāng)方便 (3)時(shí)間準(zhǔn)確度高

          缺點(diǎn):(1)需要額外進(jìn)行redis維護(hù)

          (5)使用消息隊(duì)列

          我們可以采用rabbitMQ的延時(shí)隊(duì)列。RabbitMQ具有以下兩個(gè)特性,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)延遲隊(duì)列

          RabbitMQ可以針對(duì)Queue和Message設(shè)置 x-message-tt,來(lái)控制消息的生存時(shí)間,如果超時(shí),則消息變?yōu)閐ead letter

          lRabbitMQ的Queue可以配置x-dead-letter-exchange 和x-dead-letter-routing-key(可選)兩個(gè)參數(shù),用來(lái)控制隊(duì)列內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了deadletter,則按照這兩個(gè)參數(shù)重新路由。結(jié)合以上兩個(gè)特性,就可以模擬出延遲消息的功能,具體的,我改天再寫(xiě)一篇文章,這里再講下去,篇幅太長(zhǎng)。

          優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

          優(yōu)點(diǎn): 高效,可以利用rabbitmq的分布式特性輕易的進(jìn)行橫向擴(kuò)展,消息支持持久化增加了可靠性。

          缺點(diǎn):本身的易用度要依賴(lài)于rabbitMq的運(yùn)維.因?yàn)橐胷abbitMq,所以復(fù)雜度和成本變高



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