6種快速統(tǒng)計(jì)代碼執(zhí)行時(shí)間的方法,真香!(史上最全)

我們在日常開發(fā)中經(jīng)常需要測試一些代碼的執(zhí)行時(shí)間,但又不想使用向 JMH(Java Microbenchmark Harness,Java 微基準(zhǔn)測試套件)這么重的測試框架,所以本文就匯總了一些 Java 中比較常用的執(zhí)行時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,總共包含以下 6 種,如下圖所示:

方法一:System.currentTimeMillis
此方法為 Java 內(nèi)置的方法,使用 System#currentTimeMillis 來統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行的時(shí)間(統(tǒng)計(jì)單位:毫秒),示例代碼如下:
public?class?TimeIntervalTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????//?開始時(shí)間
????????long?stime?=?System.currentTimeMillis();
????????//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(1s)
????????Thread.sleep(1000);
????????//?結(jié)束時(shí)間
????????long?etime?=?System.currentTimeMillis();
????????//?計(jì)算執(zhí)行時(shí)間
????????System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 毫秒.",?(etime?-?stime));
????}
}
以上程序的執(zhí)行結(jié)果為:
執(zhí)行時(shí)長:1000 毫秒.
方法二:System.nanoTime
此方法為 Java 內(nèi)置的方法,使用 System#nanoTime 來統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間(統(tǒng)計(jì)單位:納秒),它的執(zhí)行方法和 System#currentTimeMillis 類似,示例代碼如下:
public?class?TimeIntervalTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????//?開始時(shí)間
????????long?stime?=?System.nanoTime();
????????//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(1s)
????????Thread.sleep(1000);
????????//?結(jié)束時(shí)間
????????long?etime?=?System.nanoTime();
????????//?計(jì)算執(zhí)行時(shí)間
????????System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 納秒.",?(etime?-?stime));
????}
}
以上程序的執(zhí)行結(jié)果為:
執(zhí)行時(shí)長:1000769200 納秒.
小貼士:1 毫秒 = 100 萬納秒。
方法三:new Date
此方法也是 Java 的內(nèi)置方法,在開始執(zhí)行前 new Date()?創(chuàng)建一個當(dāng)前時(shí)間對象,在執(zhí)行結(jié)束之后 new Date() 一個當(dāng)前執(zhí)行時(shí)間,然后再統(tǒng)計(jì)兩個 Date?的時(shí)間間隔,示例代碼如下:
import?java.util.Date;
public?class?TimeIntervalTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????//?開始時(shí)間
????????Date?sdate?=?new?Date();
????????//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(1s)
????????Thread.sleep(1000);
????????//?結(jié)束時(shí)間
????????Date?edate?=?new?Date();
????????//??統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間(毫秒)
????????System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 毫秒."?,?(edate.getTime()?-?sdate.getTime()));?
????}
}
以上程序的執(zhí)行結(jié)果為:
執(zhí)行時(shí)長:1000 毫秒.
方法四:Spring StopWatch
如果我們使用的是 Spring 或 Spring Boot 項(xiàng)目,可以在項(xiàng)目中直接使用 StopWatch 對象來統(tǒng)計(jì)代碼執(zhí)行時(shí)間,示例代碼如下:
StopWatch?stopWatch?=?new?StopWatch();
//?開始時(shí)間
stopWatch.start();
//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(1s)
Thread.sleep(1000);
//?結(jié)束時(shí)間
stopWatch.stop();
//?統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間(秒)
System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 秒.%n",?stopWatch.getTotalTimeSeconds());?//?%n?為換行
//?統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間(毫秒)
System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 毫秒.%n",?stopWatch.getTotalTimeMillis());?
//?統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間(納秒)
System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 納秒.%n",?stopWatch.getTotalTimeNanos());
以上程序的執(zhí)行結(jié)果為:
執(zhí)行時(shí)長:0.9996313 秒. 執(zhí)行時(shí)長:999 毫秒. 執(zhí)行時(shí)長:999631300 納秒.
小貼士:Thread#sleep 方法的執(zhí)行時(shí)間稍有偏差,在 1s 左右都是正常的。
方法五:commons-lang3 StopWatch
如果我們使用的是普通項(xiàng)目,那我們可以用 Apache commons-lang3 中的 StopWatch?對象來實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì),首先先添加 commons-lang3 的依賴:
<dependency>
??<groupId>org.apache.commonsgroupId>
??<artifactId>commons-lang3artifactId>
??<version>3.10version>
dependency>
然后編寫時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)代碼:
import?org.apache.commons.lang3.time.StopWatch;
import?java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public?class?TimeIntervalTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????StopWatch?stopWatch?=?new?StopWatch();
????????//?開始時(shí)間
????????stopWatch.start();
????????//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(1s)
????????Thread.sleep(1000);
????????//?結(jié)束時(shí)間
????????stopWatch.stop();
????????//?統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間(秒)
????????System.out.println("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:"?+?stopWatch.getTime(TimeUnit.SECONDS)?+?"?秒.");
????????//?統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間(毫秒)
????????System.out.println("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:"?+?stopWatch.getTime(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)?+?"?毫秒.");
????????//?統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間(納秒)
????????System.out.println("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:"?+?stopWatch.getTime(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)?+?"?納秒.");
????}
}
以上程序的執(zhí)行結(jié)果為:
執(zhí)行時(shí)長:1 秒. 執(zhí)行時(shí)長:1000 毫秒.
執(zhí)行時(shí)長:1000555100 納秒.
方法六:Guava Stopwatch
除了 Apache 的 commons-lang3 外,還有一個常用的 Java 工具包,那就是 Google 的 Guava,Guava 中也包含了 ?Stopwatch?統(tǒng)計(jì)類。首先先添加 Guava 的依賴:
<dependency>
??<groupId>com.google.guavagroupId>
??<artifactId>guavaartifactId>
??<version>29.0-jreversion>
dependency>
然后編寫時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)代碼:
import?com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
import?java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public?class?TimeIntervalTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????//?創(chuàng)建并啟動計(jì)時(shí)器
????????Stopwatch?stopwatch?=?Stopwatch.createStarted();
????????//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(1s)
????????Thread.sleep(1000);
????????//?停止計(jì)時(shí)器
????????stopwatch.stop();
????????//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(單位:秒)
????????System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 秒. %n",?stopwatch.elapsed().getSeconds());?//?%n?為換行
????????//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(單位:毫秒)
????????System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 豪秒.",?stopwatch.elapsed(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
????}
}
以上程序的執(zhí)行結(jié)果為:
執(zhí)行時(shí)長:1 秒.
執(zhí)行時(shí)長:1000 豪秒.
原理分析
本文我們從 Spring 和 Google 的 Guava 源碼來分析一下,它們的 StopWatch?對象底層是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的?
1.Spring StopWatch 原理分析
在 Spring 中 StopWatch 的核心源碼如下:
package?org.springframework.util;
import?java.text.NumberFormat;
import?java.util.LinkedList;
import?java.util.List;
import?java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import?org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
public?class?StopWatch?{
????private?final?String?id;
????private?boolean?keepTaskList;
????private?final?List?taskList;
????private?long?startTimeNanos;
????@Nullable
????private?String?currentTaskName;
????@Nullable
????private?StopWatch.TaskInfo?lastTaskInfo;
????private?int?taskCount;
????private?long?totalTimeNanos;
????public?StopWatch()?{
????????this("");
????}
????public?StopWatch(String?id)?{
????????this.keepTaskList?=?true;
????????this.taskList?=?new?LinkedList();
????????this.id?=?id;
????}
????public?String?getId()?{
????????return?this.id;
????}
????public?void?setKeepTaskList(boolean?keepTaskList)?{
????????this.keepTaskList?=?keepTaskList;
????}
????public?void?start()?throws?IllegalStateException?{
????????this.start("");
????}
????public?void?start(String?taskName)?throws?IllegalStateException?{
????????if?(this.currentTaskName?!=?null)?{
????????????throw?new?IllegalStateException("Can't?start?StopWatch:?it's?already?running");
????????}?else?{
????????????this.currentTaskName?=?taskName;
????????????this.startTimeNanos?=?System.nanoTime();
????????}
????}
????public?void?stop()?throws?IllegalStateException?{
????????if?(this.currentTaskName?==?null)?{
????????????throw?new?IllegalStateException("Can't?stop?StopWatch:?it's?not?running");
????????}?else?{
????????????long?lastTime?=?System.nanoTime()?-?this.startTimeNanos;
????????????this.totalTimeNanos?+=?lastTime;
????????????this.lastTaskInfo?=?new?StopWatch.TaskInfo(this.currentTaskName,?lastTime);
????????????if?(this.keepTaskList)?{
????????????????this.taskList.add(this.lastTaskInfo);
????????????}
????????????++this.taskCount;
????????????this.currentTaskName?=?null;
????????}
????}
????//?....?忽略其他代碼
}
從上述 start()?和 stop()?的源碼中可以看出,Spring 實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)的本質(zhì)還是使用了 Java
的內(nèi)置方法 System.nanoTime()?來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
2.Google Stopwatch 原理分析
Google Stopwatch?實(shí)現(xiàn)的核心源碼如下:
public?final?class?Stopwatch?{
????private?final?Ticker?ticker;
????private?boolean?isRunning;
????private?long?elapsedNanos;
????private?long?startTick;
????@CanIgnoreReturnValue
????public?Stopwatch?start()?{
????????Preconditions.checkState(!this.isRunning,?"This?stopwatch?is?already?running.");
????????this.isRunning?=?true;
????????this.startTick?=?this.ticker.read();
????????return?this;
????}
????@CanIgnoreReturnValue
????public?Stopwatch?stop()?{
????????long?tick?=?this.ticker.read();
????????Preconditions.checkState(this.isRunning,?"This?stopwatch?is?already?stopped.");
????????this.isRunning?=?false;
????????this.elapsedNanos?+=?tick?-?this.startTick;
????????return?this;
????}
????//?忽略其他源碼...
}
從上述源碼中可以看出 Stopwatch?對象中調(diào)用了 ticker 類來實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)的,那接下來我們進(jìn)入 ticker 類的實(shí)現(xiàn)源碼:
public?abstract?class?Ticker?{
????private?static?final?Ticker?SYSTEM_TICKER?=?new?Ticker()?{
????????public?long?read()?{
????????????return?Platform.systemNanoTime();
????????}
????};
????protected?Ticker()?{
????}
????public?abstract?long?read();
????public?static?Ticker?systemTicker()?{
????????return?SYSTEM_TICKER;
????}
}
final?class?Platform?{
????private?static?final?Logger?logger?=?Logger.getLogger(Platform.class.getName());
????private?static?final?PatternCompiler?patternCompiler?=?loadPatternCompiler();
????private?Platform()?{
????}
????static?long?systemNanoTime()?{
????????return?System.nanoTime();
????}
????//?忽略其他源碼...
}
從上述源碼可以看出 Google Stopwatch?實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)的本質(zhì)還是調(diào)用了 Java 內(nèi)置的 System.nanoTime()?來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
結(jié)論
對于所有框架的 StopWatch?來說,其底層都是通過調(diào)用 Java 內(nèi)置的 System.nanoTime() 得到兩個時(shí)間,開始時(shí)間和結(jié)束時(shí)間,然后再通過結(jié)束時(shí)間減去開始時(shí)間來統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間的。
總結(jié)
本文介紹了 6 種實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法,其中 3 種是 Java 內(nèi)置的方法:
System.currentTimeMillis() System.nanoTime() new Date()
還介紹了 3 種常用框架 spring、commons-langs3、guava 的時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì)器 StopWatch。
在沒有用到 spring、commons-langs3、guava 任意一種框架的情況下,推薦使用 System.currentTimeMillis() 或 System.nanoTime() 來實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼統(tǒng)計(jì),否則建議直接使用 StopWatch 對象來統(tǒng)計(jì)執(zhí)行時(shí)間。
知識擴(kuò)展—Stopwatch 讓統(tǒng)計(jì)更方便
StopWatch?存在的意義是讓代碼統(tǒng)計(jì)更簡單,比如 Guava 中 StopWatch 使用示例如下:
import?com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
import?java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public?class?TimeIntervalTest?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InterruptedException?{
????????//?創(chuàng)建并啟動計(jì)時(shí)器
????????Stopwatch?stopwatch?=?Stopwatch.createStarted();
????????//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(1s)
????????Thread.sleep(1000);
????????//?停止計(jì)時(shí)器
????????stopwatch.stop();
????????//?執(zhí)行統(tǒng)計(jì)
????????System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 毫秒. %n",
????????????????stopwatch.elapsed(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
????????//?清空計(jì)時(shí)器
????????stopwatch.reset();
????????//?再次啟動統(tǒng)計(jì)
????????stopwatch.start();
????????//?執(zhí)行時(shí)間(2s)
????????Thread.sleep(2000);
????????//?停止計(jì)時(shí)器
????????stopwatch.stop();
????????//?執(zhí)行統(tǒng)計(jì)
????????System.out.printf("執(zhí)行時(shí)長:%d 秒. %n",
????????????????stopwatch.elapsed(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
????}
}
我們可以使用一個 Stopwatch?對象統(tǒng)計(jì)多段代碼的執(zhí)行時(shí)間,也可以通過指定時(shí)間類型直接統(tǒng)計(jì)出對應(yīng)的時(shí)間間隔,比如我們可以指定時(shí)間的統(tǒng)計(jì)單位,如秒、毫秒、納秒等類型。
互動話題
你還知道哪些統(tǒng)計(jì)代碼執(zhí)行時(shí)間的方法嗎?歡迎評論區(qū)補(bǔ)充留言。

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