面試必問:Spring 循環(huán)依賴的三種方式 !
來源:https://blog.csdn.net/u010644448
引言:循環(huán)依賴就是N個類中循環(huán)嵌套引用,如果在日常開發(fā)中我們用new 對象的方式發(fā)生這種循環(huán)依賴的話程序會在運行時一直循環(huán)調(diào)用,直至內(nèi)存溢出報錯。下面說一下Spring是如果解決循環(huán)依賴的。
第一種:構(gòu)造器參數(shù)循環(huán)依賴
Spring容器會將每一個正在創(chuàng)建的Bean 標(biāo)識符放在一個“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中,Bean標(biāo)識符在創(chuàng)建過程中將一直保持在這個池中。
因此如果在創(chuàng)建Bean過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)在“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”里時將拋出BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環(huán)依賴;而對于創(chuàng)建完畢的Bean將從“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中清除掉。
首先我們先初始化三個Bean。
public?class?StudentA?{
????private?StudentB?studentB?;
????public?void?setStudentB(StudentB?studentB)?{
????????this.studentB?=?studentB;
????}
????public?StudentA()?{
????}
????public?StudentA(StudentB?studentB)?{
????????this.studentB?=?studentB;
????}
}
public?class?StudentB?{
????private?StudentC?studentC?;
????public?void?setStudentC(StudentC?studentC)?{
????????this.studentC?=?studentC;
????}
????public?StudentB()?{
????}
????public?StudentB(StudentC?studentC)?{
????????this.studentC?=?studentC;
????}
}
public?class?StudentC?{
????private?StudentA?studentA?;
????public?void?setStudentA(StudentA?studentA)?{
????????this.studentA?=?studentA;
????}
????public?StudentC()?{
????}
????public?StudentC(StudentA?studentA)?{
????????this.studentA?=?studentA;
????}
}
OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構(gòu)造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構(gòu)造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構(gòu)造是StudentA ,這樣就產(chǎn)生了一個循環(huán)依賴的情況, 我們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,并用有參構(gòu)造實例化。
?"a"?class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">
????????"0"?ref="b">
????
????"b"?class="com.zfx.student.StudentB">
????????"0"?ref="c">
????
????"c"?class="com.zfx.student.StudentC">
????????"0"?ref="a">
????
下面是測試類:
public?class?Test?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
????????ApplicationContext?context?=?new?ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
????????//System.out.println(context.getBean("a",?StudentA.class));
????}
}
執(zhí)行結(jié)果報錯信息為:
Caused?by:?org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
????Error?creating?bean?with?name?'a':?Requested?bean?is?currently?in?creation:?Is?there?an?unresolvable?circular?reference?
如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應(yīng)該不驚訝,Spring容器先創(chuàng)建單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然后將A放在“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中,此時創(chuàng)建StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然后將B放在“當(dāng)前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中,此時創(chuàng)建StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 但是,此時Student已經(jīng)在池中,所以會報錯,,因為在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以會依賴錯誤 ,(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)
第二種:setter方式單例,默認(rèn)方式
如果要說setter方式注入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean實例化的圖

如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean對象實例化之后再設(shè)置對象屬性的
修改配置文件為set方式注入
????
????"a"?class="com.zfx.student.StudentA"?scope="singleton">
????????"studentB"?ref="b">
????
????"b"?class="com.zfx.student.StudentB"?scope="singleton">
????????"studentC"?ref="c">
????
????"c"?class="com.zfx.student.StudentC"?scope="singleton">
????????"studentA"?ref="a">
????
下面是測試類:
public?class?Test?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
????????ApplicationContext?context?=?new?ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
????????System.out.println(context.getBean("a",?StudentA.class));
????}
}
打印結(jié)果為:
com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
為什么用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?
我們結(jié)合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構(gòu)造實例化Bean對象 ,此時Spring會將這個實例化結(jié)束的對象放到一個Map中,并且Spring提供了獲取這個未設(shè)置屬性的實例化對象引用的方法。
結(jié)合我們的實例來看,,當(dāng)Spring實例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,緊接著會去設(shè)置對象的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在里面的單例StudentB對象,以此類推,不會出來循環(huán)的問題嘍、
下面是Spring源碼中的實現(xiàn)方法。以下的源碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java類中
/**?Cache?of?singleton?objects:?bean?name?-->?bean?instance(緩存單例實例化對象的Map集合)?*/
????private?final?Map?singletonObjects?=?new?ConcurrentHashMap(64);
????/**?Cache?of?singleton?factories:?bean?name?-->?ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean緩存集合)?*/
????private?final?Map?singletonFactories?=?new?HashMap(16);
????/**?Cache?of?early?singleton?objects:?bean?name?-->?bean?instance(早期的單身對象緩存集合)?*/
????private?final?Map?earlySingletonObjects?=?new?HashMap(16);
????/**?Set?of?registered?singletons,?containing?the?bean?names?in?registration?order(單例的實例化對象名稱集合)?*/
????private?final?Set?registeredSingletons?=?new?LinkedHashSet(64);
????/**
?????*?添加單例實例
?????*?解決循環(huán)引用的問題
?????*?Add?the?given?singleton?factory?for?building?the?specified?singleton
?????*?if?necessary.
?????*?To?be?called?for?eager?registration?of?singletons,?e.g.?to?be?able?to
?????*?resolve?circular?references.
?????*?@param?beanName?the?name?of?the?bean
?????*?@param?singletonFactory?the?factory?for?the?singleton?object
?????*/
????protected?void?addSingletonFactory(String?beanName,?ObjectFactory?singletonFactory)?{
????????Assert.notNull(singletonFactory,?"Singleton?factory?must?not?be?null");
????????synchronized?(this.singletonObjects)?{
????????????if?(!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName))?{
????????????????this.singletonFactories.put(beanName,?singletonFactory);
????????????????this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
????????????????this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
????????????}
????????}
????}
第三種:setter方式原型,prototype
修改配置文件為:
"a"?class="com.zfx.student.StudentA"?scope="prototype">
????????"studentB"?ref="b">
????
????"b"?class="com.zfx.student.StudentB"?scope="prototype">
????????"studentC"?ref="c">
????
????"c"?class="com.zfx.student.StudentC"?scope="prototype">
????????"studentA"?ref="a">
????
scope="prototype" 意思是 每次請求都會創(chuàng)建一個實例對象。
兩者的區(qū)別是:有狀態(tài)的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態(tài)的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。
測試用例:
public?class?Test?{
????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
????????ApplicationContext?context?=?new?ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
????????//此時必須要獲取Spring管理的實例,因為現(xiàn)在scope="prototype"?只有請求獲取的時候才會實例化對象
????????System.out.println(context.getBean("a",?StudentA.class));
????}
}
打印結(jié)果:
Caused?by:?org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
????Error?creating?bean?with?name?'a':?Requested?bean?is?currently?in?creation:?Is?there?an?unresolvable?circular?reference?
為什么原型模式就報錯了呢 ?
對于“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因為“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容器不進行緩存,因此無法提前暴露一個創(chuàng)建中的Bean。

最近面試BAT,整理一份面試資料《Java面試BATJ通關(guān)手冊》,覆蓋了Java核心技術(shù)、JVM、Java并發(fā)、SSM、微服務(wù)、數(shù)據(jù)庫、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)等等。
獲取方式:點“在看”,關(guān)注公眾號并回復(fù)?Java?領(lǐng)取,更多內(nèi)容陸續(xù)奉上。
文章有幫助的話,在看,轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)吧。
謝謝支持喲 (*^__^*)
