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          Spring Boot + GraphQL 才是 API 的未來(lái)!

          共 4379字,需瀏覽 9分鐘

           ·

          2021-10-28 22:00

          前言

          在淺嘗GraphQL一文描述了GraphQL及基本使用,本文提供一個(gè)基本示例,描述如何基于spring boot的web項(xiàng)目快速應(yīng)用。

          graphql-java的官方文檔:Getting started with GraphQL Java and Spring Boothttps://www.graphql-java.com/tutorials/getting-started-with-spring-boot/,提供了相關(guān)依賴用以快速配置,但是個(gè)人真心不建議使用這個(gè)庫(kù)及相關(guān)配置方式來(lái)搭建腳手架,在實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)中,業(yè)務(wù)比較復(fù)雜的時(shí)候,會(huì)導(dǎo)致需要配置的業(yè)務(wù)代碼比較多也比較繁瑣,相對(duì)下面這種方式,代碼復(fù)雜性比較高。

          本文提供一種更靈活快捷的方式,在spring boot項(xiàng)目中快速應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)。使用的依賴也和上面官方提供的都不一樣,請(qǐng)注意區(qū)分。

          快速開(kāi)始

          創(chuàng)建spring boot工程

          通過(guò)Spring Initializrhttps://start.spring.io/快速搭建,我選的jdk版本及spring boot版本,如下所示,其它版本未做兼容性測(cè)試。

          點(diǎn)擊下方的Generate按鈕:

          打開(kāi)工程結(jié)構(gòu)如下,我將application.properties刪除了替換成applicaiton.yml,因?yàn)槲覀€(gè)人比較喜歡yaml的配置方式:

          引入相關(guān)依賴

          pom.xml配置如下:


          <project?xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"?xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          ?xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0?https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

          ?<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
          ?<parent>
          ??<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
          ??<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
          ??<version>2.4.6version>
          ??<relativePath/>?
          ?parent>
          ?<groupId>com.xuxdgroupId>
          ?<artifactId>graphql.demoartifactId>
          ?<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
          ?<name>graphql.demoname>
          ?<description>GraphQL?Demo?project?for?Spring?Bootdescription>
          ?<properties>
          ??<java.version>1.8java.version>
          ??<maven.compiler.source>1.8maven.compiler.source>
          ??<maven.compiler.target>1.8maven.compiler.target>
          ??<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
          ??<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8project.reporting.outputEncoding>
          ??<lombok.version>1.18.20lombok.version>
          ??<graphql-java-tools.version>11.0.1graphql-java-tools.version>
          ??<gson.version>2.8.7gson.version>
          ?properties>
          ?<dependencies>
          ??<dependency>
          ???<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
          ???<artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
          ??dependency>

          ??<dependency>
          ???<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
          ???<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
          ??dependency>

          ??<dependency>
          ???<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
          ???<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
          ???<scope>testscope>
          ??dependency>

          ??<dependency>
          ???<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
          ???<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
          ???<version>${lombok.version}version>
          ???<scope>providedscope>
          ??dependency>

          ??<dependency>
          ???<groupId>com.graphql-java-kickstartgroupId>
          ???<artifactId>graphql-java-toolsartifactId>
          ???<version>${graphql-java-tools.version}version>
          ??dependency>

          ??<dependency>
          ???<groupId>com.google.code.gsongroupId>
          ???<artifactId>gsonartifactId>
          ???<version>${gson.version}version>
          ??dependency>
          ?dependencies>

          ?<build>
          ??<plugins>
          ???<plugin>
          ????<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
          ????<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
          ???plugin>
          ??plugins>
          ?build>

          project>

          初始化GraphQL實(shí)例

          我們將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)GraphQL實(shí)例并將其注冊(cè)到spring容器中,代碼如下:

          創(chuàng)建一個(gè)GraphQLProvider類:

          @Component
          public?class?GraphQLProvider?{

          ????private?GraphQL?graphQL;

          ????@Autowired
          ????private?IItemService?itemService;

          ????@Bean
          ????public?GraphQL?graphQL()?{
          ????????return?graphQL;
          ????}

          ????@PostConstruct
          ????public?void?init()?throws?IOException?{
          ????????GraphQLSchema?graphQLSchema?=?SchemaParser.newParser()
          ????????????.file("graphql/base.graphqls")
          ????????????.resolvers(new?Query(),?new?Mutation())
          ????????????.file("graphql/item.graphqls")
          ????????????.resolvers(new?ItemResolver(itemService))
          //????????????.file("book.graphqls")
          //????????????.resolvers(new?BookResolver())??//其它定義照上面的示例,繼續(xù)增加
          ????????????.build().makeExecutableSchema();

          ????????this.graphQL?=?graphQL.newGraphQL(graphQLSchema).build();
          ????}

          }

          關(guān)于*.graphqls或者對(duì)應(yīng)的Resolver如ItemResolver,這里只是作了微調(diào)整,相關(guān)代碼如下:

          base.grqphqls

          schema?{
          ????#?查詢
          ????query:?Query
          ????#?更新
          ????mutation:?Mutation
          }

          type?Query?{
          ????version:?String
          }

          type?Mutation?{
          ????version:?String
          }

          item.graphqls

          #?定義一個(gè)查詢類型
          extend?type?Query?{
          ????queryItemList:?ItemList??#?定義查詢項(xiàng)目列表
          ????queryById(id:?ID):?Item
          }

          extend?type?Mutation?{
          ????updateName(param:?Param):?Item
          }

          #?定義項(xiàng)目字段
          type?Item?{
          ????id:?ID!
          ????code:?String!
          ????name:?String!
          }

          type?ItemList?{
          ????itemList:?[Item!]!??#獲取項(xiàng)目列表
          ????total:?Int!??????#?獲取項(xiàng)目總數(shù)
          }

          input?Param?{
          ????id:?ID!
          ????name:?String!
          }

          ItemResolver

          public?class?ItemResolver?implements?GraphQLQueryResolver,?GraphQLMutationResolver?{

          ????private?IItemService?itemService;

          ????public?ItemResolver(IItemService?itemService)?{
          ????????this.itemService?=?itemService;
          ????}

          ????//?對(duì)應(yīng)item.graphqls里的queryItemList
          ????public?ItemList?queryItemList()?{
          ????????return?itemService.queryItemList();
          ????}

          ????public?Item?queryById(Long?id)?{
          ????????return?itemService.queryById(id);
          ????}

          ????public?Item?updateName(Param?param)?{
          ????????return?itemService.updateName(param);
          ????}
          }

          相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)代碼比較多,就不一一貼了。

          提供API

          我們需要暴露一個(gè)接口來(lái)接收請(qǐng)求,并作相關(guān)處理,也只需提供一個(gè)接口即可。因此我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Controller:GraphqlController.

          @RestController
          @RequestMapping("/graphql")
          @Log
          public?class?GraphqlController?{

          ????@Autowired
          ????private?GraphQL?graphQL;

          ????@PostMapping
          ????public?Object?execute(@RequestBody?GraphqlRequest?request)?{
          ????????ExecutionInput?executionInput?=?ExecutionInput.newExecutionInput()
          ????????????.query(request.getQuery())
          ????????????.variables(request.getVariables())
          ????????????.build();
          ????????Map?result?=?new?HashMap<>();

          ????????ExecutionResult?executionResult?=?graphQL.execute(executionInput);
          ????????List?errors?=?executionResult.getErrors();

          ????????if?(errors?!=?null?&&?!errors.isEmpty())?{
          ????????????result.put("errors",?errors);
          ????????????return?result;
          ????????}
          ????????return?executionResult.getData();
          ????}
          }

          到這一步,其實(shí)基本功能都已配置完成,可以啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行相關(guān)測(cè)試了。

          整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的代碼結(jié)構(gòu)如下,我盡量用了一個(gè)比較常規(guī)的web項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)(controller,service,dao等):

          測(cè)試

          示例中總共提供了3個(gè)接口,兩個(gè)查詢一個(gè)更新,分別進(jìn)行測(cè)試:

          ????ItemList?queryItemList();

          ????Item?queryById(Long?id);

          ????Item?updateName(Param?param);
          • 查詢所有項(xiàng)目列表(只獲取每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的編碼和名稱,以及列表總數(shù)):
          • 根據(jù)ID查詢,獲取項(xiàng)目的id和名稱
          • 更新指定ID的項(xiàng)目名稱

          我們項(xiàng)目Id為1編碼為test的項(xiàng)目修改為“java項(xiàng)目”

          再查詢一下,可以看到結(jié)果更新了:

          結(jié)束語(yǔ)

          這樣整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的GraphQL相關(guān)的基本配置已經(jīng)完成,可以進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)發(fā)了。

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