新入職的妹子問我Redis是如何實現(xiàn)點贊、取消點贊的?這不秀一波
點贊、取消點贊是高頻次的操作,若每次都讀寫數(shù)據(jù)庫,大量的操作會影響數(shù)據(jù)庫性能,所以需要做緩存。
至于多久從 Redis 取一次數(shù)據(jù)存到數(shù)據(jù)庫中,根據(jù)項目的實際情況定吧,我是暫時設了兩個小時。

項目需求需要查看都誰點贊了,所以要存儲每個點贊的點贊人、被點贊人,不能簡單的做計數(shù)。
文章分四部分介紹:
Redis 緩存設計及實現(xiàn)
數(shù)據(jù)庫設計
數(shù)據(jù)庫操作
開啟定時任務持久化存儲到數(shù)據(jù)庫
一、Redis 緩存設計及實現(xiàn)
1.1 Redis 安裝及運行
Redis 安裝請自行查閱相關教程。
說下Docker 安裝運行 Redis
docker run -d -p 6379:6379 redis:4.0.8如果已經(jīng)安裝了 Redis,打開命令行,輸入啟動 Redis 的命令
redis-server1.2 Redis 與 SpringBoot 項目的整合
1.在 pom.xml 中引入依賴
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId></dependency>
2.在啟動類上添加注釋 @EnableCaching
@SpringBootApplication@EnableDiscoveryClient@EnableSwagger2@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.solo.coderiver.project.client")@EnableCachingpublic class UserApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);}
3.編寫 Redis 配置類 RedisConfig
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;import java.net.UnknownHostException;@Configurationpublic class RedisConfig {@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate")public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)throws UnknownHostException {Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object>(Object.class);ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>();template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);template.setKeySerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);template.setHashKeySerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);template.afterPropertiesSet();return template;}@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBean(StringRedisTemplate.class)public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)throws UnknownHostException {StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);return template;}}
至此 Redis 在 SpringBoot 項目中的配置已經(jīng)完成,可以愉快的使用了。
1.3 Redis 的數(shù)據(jù)結構類型

1.4 點贊數(shù)據(jù)在 Redis 中的存儲格式


1.5 操作 Redis
將具體操作方法封裝到了 RedisService 接口里
RedisService.java
import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;import java.util.List;public interface RedisService {/*** 點贊。狀態(tài)為1* @param likedUserId* @param likedPostId*/void saveLiked2Redis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);/*** 取消點贊。將狀態(tài)改變?yōu)?* @param likedUserId* @param likedPostId*/void unlikeFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);/*** 從Redis中刪除一條點贊數(shù)據(jù)* @param likedUserId* @param likedPostId*/void deleteLikedFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);/*** 該用戶的點贊數(shù)加1* @param likedUserId*/void incrementLikedCount(String likedUserId);/*** 該用戶的點贊數(shù)減1* @param likedUserId*/void decrementLikedCount(String likedUserId);/*** 獲取Redis中存儲的所有點贊數(shù)據(jù)* @return*/List<UserLike> getLikedDataFromRedis();/*** 獲取Redis中存儲的所有點贊數(shù)量* @return*/List<LikedCountDTO> getLikedCountFromRedis();}實現(xiàn)類 RedisServiceImpl.javaimport com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.RedisService;import com.solo.coderiver.user.utils.RedisKeyUtils;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.Cursor;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ScanOptions;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;@Service@Slf4jpublic class RedisServiceImpl implements RedisService {@AutowiredRedisTemplate redisTemplate;@AutowiredLikedService likedService;@Overridepublic void saveLiked2Redis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) {String key = RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId);redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode());}@Overridepublic void unlikeFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) {String key = RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId);redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key, LikedStatusEnum.UNLIKE.getCode());}@Overridepublic void deleteLikedFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) {String key = RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId);redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key);}@Overridepublic void incrementLikedCount(String likedUserId) {redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, likedUserId, 1);}@Overridepublic void decrementLikedCount(String likedUserId) {redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, likedUserId, -1);}@Overridepublic List<UserLike> getLikedDataFromRedis() {Cursor<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> cursor = redisTemplate.opsForHash().scan(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, ScanOptions.NONE);List<UserLike> list = new ArrayList<>();while (cursor.hasNext()){Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry = cursor.next();String key = (String) entry.getKey();//分離出 likedUserId,likedPostIdString[] split = key.split("::");String likedUserId = split[0];String likedPostId = split[1];Integer value = (Integer) entry.getValue();//組裝成 UserLike 對象UserLike userLike = new UserLike(likedUserId, likedPostId, value);list.add(userLike);//存到 list 后從 Redis 中刪除redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key);}return list;}@Overridepublic List<LikedCountDTO> getLikedCountFromRedis() {Cursor<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> cursor = redisTemplate.opsForHash().scan(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, ScanOptions.NONE);List<LikedCountDTO> list = new ArrayList<>();while (cursor.hasNext()){Map.Entry<Object, Object> map = cursor.next();//將點贊數(shù)量存儲在 LikedCountDTString key = (String)map.getKey();LikedCountDTO dto = new LikedCountDTO(key, (Integer) map.getValue());list.add(dto);//從Redis中刪除這條記錄redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, key);}return list;}}
用到的工具類和枚舉類
RedisKeyUtils, 用于根據(jù)一定規(guī)則生成 key
public class RedisKeyUtils {//保存用戶點贊數(shù)據(jù)的keypublic static final String MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED = "MAP_USER_LIKED";//保存用戶被點贊數(shù)量的keypublic static final String MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT = "MAP_USER_LIKED_COUNT";/*** 拼接被點贊的用戶id和點贊的人的id作為key。格式 222222::333333* @param likedUserId 被點贊的人id* @param likedPostId 點贊的人的id* @return*/public static String getLikedKey(String likedUserId, String likedPostId){StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();builder.append(likedUserId);builder.append("::");builder.append(likedPostId);return builder.toString();}}
LikedStatusEnum 用戶點贊狀態(tài)的枚舉類
package com.solo.coderiver.user.enums;import lombok.Getter;/*** 用戶點贊的狀態(tài)*/@Getterpublic enum LikedStatusEnum {LIKE(1, "點贊"),UNLIKE(0, "取消點贊/未點贊"),;private Integer code;private String msg;LikedStatusEnum(Integer code, String msg) {this.code = code;this.msg = msg;}}
二、數(shù)據(jù)庫設計
數(shù)據(jù)庫表中至少要包含三個字段:被點贊用戶id,點贊用戶id,點贊狀態(tài)。再加上主鍵id,創(chuàng)建時間,修改時間就行了。
建表語句
create table `user_like`(`id` int not null auto_increment,`liked_user_id` varchar(32) not null comment '被點贊的用戶id',`liked_post_id` varchar(32) not null comment '點贊的用戶id',`status` tinyint(1) default '1' comment '點贊狀態(tài),0取消,1點贊',`create_time` timestamp not null default current_timestamp comment '創(chuàng)建時間',`update_time` timestamp not null default current_timestamp on update current_timestamp comment '修改時間',primary key(`id`),INDEX `liked_user_id`(`liked_user_id`),INDEX `liked_post_id`(`liked_post_id`)) comment '用戶點贊表';
對應的對象 UserLike
import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;import lombok.Data;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.GenerationType;import javax.persistence.Id;/*** 用戶點贊表*/@Entity@Datapublic class UserLike {//主鍵id@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Integer id;//被點贊的用戶的idprivate String likedUserId;//點贊的用戶的idprivate String likedPostId;//點贊的狀態(tài).默認未點贊private Integer status = LikedStatusEnum.UNLIKE.getCode();public UserLike() {}public UserLike(String likedUserId, String likedPostId, Integer status) {this.likedUserId = likedUserId;this.likedPostId = likedPostId;this.status = status;}}
三、數(shù)據(jù)庫操作
操作數(shù)據(jù)庫同樣封裝在接口中
LikedService
import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;import java.util.List;public interface LikedService {/*** 保存點贊記錄* @param userLike* @return*/UserLike save(UserLike userLike);/*** 批量保存或修改* @param list*/List<UserLike> saveAll(List<UserLike> list);/*** 根據(jù)被點贊人的id查詢點贊列表(即查詢都誰給這個人點贊過)* @param likedUserId 被點贊人的id* @param pageable* @return*/Page<UserLike> getLikedListByLikedUserId(String likedUserId, Pageable pageable);/*** 根據(jù)點贊人的id查詢點贊列表(即查詢這個人都給誰點贊過)* @param likedPostId* @param pageable* @return*/Page<UserLike> getLikedListByLikedPostId(String likedPostId, Pageable pageable);/*** 通過被點贊人和點贊人id查詢是否存在點贊記錄* @param likedUserId* @param likedPostId* @return*/UserLike getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);/*** 將Redis里的點贊數(shù)據(jù)存入數(shù)據(jù)庫中*/void transLikedFromRedis2DB();/*** 將Redis中的點贊數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)存入數(shù)據(jù)庫*/void transLikedCountFromRedis2DB();}
LikedServiceImpl 實現(xiàn)類
import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserInfo;import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;import com.solo.coderiver.user.repository.UserLikeRepository;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.RedisService;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.UserService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import java.util.List;@Service@Slf4jpublic class LikedServiceImpl implements LikedService {@AutowiredUserLikeRepository likeRepository;@AutowiredRedisService redisService;@AutowiredUserService userService;@Override@Transactionalpublic UserLike save(UserLike userLike) {return likeRepository.save(userLike);}@Override@Transactionalpublic List<UserLike> saveAll(List<UserLike> list) {return likeRepository.saveAll(list);}@Overridepublic Page<UserLike> getLikedListByLikedUserId(String likedUserId, Pageable pageable) {return likeRepository.findByLikedUserIdAndStatus(likedUserId, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode(), pageable);}@Overridepublic Page<UserLike> getLikedListByLikedPostId(String likedPostId, Pageable pageable) {return likeRepository.findByLikedPostIdAndStatus(likedPostId, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode(), pageable);}@Overridepublic UserLike getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) {return likeRepository.findByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(likedUserId, likedPostId);}@Override@Transactionalpublic void transLikedFromRedis2DB() {List<UserLike> list = redisService.getLikedDataFromRedis();for (UserLike like : list) {UserLike ul = getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(like.getLikedUserId(), like.getLikedPostId());if (ul == null){//沒有記錄,直接存入save(like);}else{//有記錄,需要更新ul.setStatus(like.getStatus());save(ul);}}}@Override@Transactionalpublic void transLikedCountFromRedis2DB() {List<LikedCountDTO> list = redisService.getLikedCountFromRedis();for (LikedCountDTO dto : list) {UserInfo user = userService.findById(dto.getId());//點贊數(shù)量屬于無關緊要的操作,出錯無需拋異常if (user != null){Integer likeNum = user.getLikeNum() + dto.getCount();user.setLikeNum(likeNum);//更新點贊數(shù)量userService.updateInfo(user);}}}}
數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作就這些,主要還是增刪改查。
四、開啟定時任務持久化存儲到數(shù)據(jù)庫
定時任務 Quartz 很強大,就用它了。
Quartz 使用步驟:
1.添加依賴
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId></dependency>
2.編寫配置文件
package com.solo.coderiver.user.config;import com.solo.coderiver.user.task.LikeTask;import org.quartz.*;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;public class QuartzConfig {private static final String LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY = "LikeTaskQuartz";public JobDetail quartzDetail(){return JobBuilder.newJob(LikeTask.class).withIdentity(LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY).storeDurably().build();}public Trigger quartzTrigger(){SimpleScheduleBuilder scheduleBuilder = SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()// .withIntervalInSeconds(10) //設置時間周期單位秒.withIntervalInHours(2) //兩個小時執(zhí)行一次.repeatForever();return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().forJob(quartzDetail()).withIdentity(LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY).withSchedule(scheduleBuilder).build();}}
3.編寫執(zhí)行任務的類繼承自 QuartzJobBean
package com.solo.coderiver.user.task;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateUtils;import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Date;/*** 點贊的定時任務*/4jpublic class LikeTask extends QuartzJobBean {LikedService likedService;private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {log.info("LikeTask-------- {}", sdf.format(new Date()));//將 Redis 里的點贊信息同步到數(shù)據(jù)庫里likedService.transLikedFromRedis2DB();likedService.transLikedCountFromRedis2DB();}}
在定時任務中直接調(diào)用 LikedService 封裝的方法完成數(shù)據(jù)同步。
以上就是點贊功能的設計與實現(xiàn),不足之處還請各位大佬多多指教。
