【Python】Python+Matplotlib+LaTeX玩轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)學(xué)公式
本文介紹如何在Matplotlib中使用LaTeX 公式和符號、Python如何生成LaTeX數(shù)學(xué)公式。
1、Matplotlib中使用LaTeX 公式和符號
一些配置
安裝兩個軟件，鏈接給出。
https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/windows/protext/protext-3.2-033020.zip https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/ghostpdl-downloads/releases/download/gs9531/gs9531w64.exe
添加到環(huán)境變量中
以下兩句放到環(huán)境變量中。C:\Users\xx\AppData\Local\Programs\MiKTeX 2.9\miktex\bin\x64;C:\Program Files\gs\gs9.53.1\bin;
matplotlib.rcParams修改
import?numpy?as?np
import?matplotlib?as?mpl
import?matplotlib.pyplot?as?plt
plt.style.use('fivethirtyeight')
mpl.rcParams['text.usetex']?=?True#默認(rèn)為false，此處設(shè)置為TRUE
Matplotlib中使用Latex字符和公式
mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth']?=?1
fig,?ax?=?plt.subplots(dpi=120)
N?=?500
delta?=?0.6
X?=?np.linspace(-1,?1,?N)
ax.plot(X,?(1?-?np.tanh(4?*?X?/?delta))?/?2,????
????????X,?(1.4?+?np.tanh(4?*?X?/?delta))?/?4,?"C2",?
????????X,?X?0,?"k--")????????????????????????
?
ax.set_xlabel(r'No.1:?$\alpha?>?\beta)
#上下標(biāo)，上標(biāo)^，下標(biāo)
ax.set_ylabel(r'No.2:?$\alpha_i?>?\beta^i,rotation=45)
#?#累加、累積
ax.legend((r'No.3:?$\displaystyle\sum_{i=0}^\infty?x_i,?r'No.4:?$\displaystyle\prod_{i=0}^\infty?x_i),
??????????shadow=True,?loc=(0.01,?0.52),?handlelength=1.5,?)
#分?jǐn)?shù)??
ax.set_title(r'No.4:?$\frac{3}{4})
#二項式
ax.text(0.3,1.1,r'No.5:?$\frac{5?-?\frac{1}{x}}{4})
#開根號
ax.text(0.8,1.1,r'No.6:?$\sqrt[3]{x})
#修改字體
##?Roman、Italic、Typewriter、CALLIGRAPHY等
ax.text(-0.8,1.1,r'No.7:?$\mathit{Italic})
ax.text(-0.8,1.0,r'$\mathsf{fonts})
#聲調(diào)
ax.text(-1.2,1.1,r'No.8:?$\breve?a)
#選個范圍
ax.text(-1.4,0.8,r'No.9:?$\widetilde{xyz})
#?the?arrow
ax.annotate("",?xy=(-delta?/?2.,?0.1),?xytext=(delta?/?2.,?0.1),
????????????arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="<->",?connectionstyle="arc3"))
#??其它TeX?symbols
ax.set_xticks([-1,?0,?1])
ax.set_xticklabels([r"No.10:?$\delta$",?r"$\pm$",?r"$\$"],?color="r",?size=15)
ax.set_yticks([0,?0.5,?1])
ax.set_yticklabels([r"No.10:?$\AA$",?r"$\Downarrow$",?"$\\odot$"],?color="r",?size=15)
ax.text(1.02,?0.5,?r"$\phi$",fontsize=20,?rotation=90,
????????horizontalalignment="left",?verticalalignment="center",
????????clip_on=False,?transform=ax.transAxes)
#?積分、微分公式
eq1?=?(r"\begin{eqnarray*}"
???????r"\frac{\partial?\phi}{\partial?t}?+?U|\nabla?\phi|?&=&?0?"
???????r"\end{eqnarray*}")
ax.text(1,?0.9,?eq1,horizontalalignment="right",?verticalalignment="top")
eq2?=?(r"\begin{eqnarray*}"
???????r"\mathcal{F}?&=&?\int?f\left(?\phi,?c?\right)?dV,?\\?"
???????r"\frac{?\partial?\phi?}?{?\partial?t?}?&=&?-M_{?\phi?}?"
???????r"\frac{?\delta?\mathcal{F}?}?{?\delta?\phi?}"
???????r"\end{eqnarray*}")
ax.text(0.18,?0.18,?eq2)
ax.text(-1,?.30,?r"gamma:?$\gamma$",?color="r")
ax.text(-1,?.18,?r"Omega:?$\Omega$",?color="b")
plt.show()
2、latexify生成LaTeX 數(shù)學(xué)公式
import?math
import?latexify
@latexify.with_latex#調(diào)用latexify的裝飾器
def?solve(a,?b,?c):
??return?(-b?+?math.sqrt(b**2?-?4*a*c))?/?(2*a)
solve
3、handcalcs生成LaTeX 數(shù)學(xué)公式
一個求積分公式，借助scipy的quad
import?handcalcs.render
from?scipy.integrate?import?quad#借助scipy.quad實現(xiàn)積分
%%render
a?=?2
b?=?6
n=100
z?=?quad(f,a,b)
一個混合公式，借助math模塊，
from?math?import?sqrt,cos,sin,tan,asin
import?handcalcs.render
%%render
#symbolic
f?=?a-c**2?/?b?+?sqrt(cos(sin(b-?2?/?c)))?+?tan(a/b)?-?asin(a/c)?#Comment?part
4、Latex symbols對照表
symbols爬取自網(wǎng)站：https://matplotlib.org/tutorials/text/mathtext.html、制作速查表。
plt.figure(dpi=400)
fig?=?sns.scatterplot(x='sepal?length(cm)',y='sepal?width(cm)',data=pd_iris,
????????????style=geek[:150],#添加不同類變量按照不同marker顯示
????????????markers=[r"$"+geek[i]+"$"?for?i?in?range(150)],#自定義marker形狀
????????????**dict(s=320),
????????????color='#01a2d9'
??????????????????????
???????????)
fig.legend(ncol=5,
???????????fontsize=10,
???????????loc=8,
???????????bbox_to_anchor=(0.45,?1),?
???????????facecolor='#eaeaea',??????????
??????????)
sns.set(style="whitegrid",font_scale=1)
?
參考資料
https://matplotlib.org/tutorials/text/usetex.html
https://github.com/connorferster/handcalcs
https://github.com/google/latexify_py
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