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          SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle的作用和區(qū)別

          共 7874字,需瀏覽 16分鐘

           ·

          2021-03-27 00:50

          本文基于SpringBoot 2.5.0-M2講解Spring中Lifecycle和SmartLifecycle的作用和區(qū)別,以及如何控制SmartLifecycle的優(yōu)先級。

          并講解SpringBoot中如何通過SmartLifecycle來啟動/停止web容器.

          SmartLifecycle & Lifecycle作用和區(qū)別

          SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle作用

          都是讓開發(fā)者可以在所有的bean都創(chuàng)建完成(getBean) 之后執(zhí)行自己的初始化工作,或者在退出時執(zhí)行資源銷毀工作。

          SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle區(qū)別

          SmartLifecycle接口繼承Lifecycle接口,同時繼承了
          org.springframework.context.Phased接口用于控制多個SmartLifecycle實現(xiàn)之間的優(yōu)先級。

          在SpringBoot應用中,或在Spring應用中沒有調用
          AbstractApplicationContext#start方法,如果一個Bean只是實現(xiàn)了Lifecycle接口的情況下:

          不會執(zhí)行Lifecycle接口中的啟動方法,包括Lifecycle#isRunning方法也不會被執(zhí)行。

          但是在應用 退出時 會執(zhí)行Lifecycle#isRunning方法判斷該Lifecycle是否已經(jīng)啟動,如果返回true則調用Lifecycle#stop()停止方法。

          如果一個Bean實現(xiàn)了SmartLifecycle接口,則會執(zhí)行啟動方法。先會被根據(jù)Phased接口優(yōu)先級分組,封裝在LifecycleGroup,然后循環(huán)調用LifecycleGroup#start()方法,SmartLifecycle#isRunning判斷是否已經(jīng)執(zhí)行,返回false表示還未執(zhí)行,則調用SmartLifecycle#start()執(zhí)行。Phased返回值越小,優(yōu)先級越高。

          SmartLifecycle中還有個isAutoStartup方法,如果返回false,在啟動時也不會執(zhí)行start方法,默認返回true

          源碼分析

          SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle都是在
          org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor中被調用,

          DefaultLifecycleProcessor#onRefresh方法在執(zhí)行
          AbstractApplicationContext#finishRefresh時會被調用,調用棧如下:

          startBeans:142, DefaultLifecycleProcessor (org.springframework.context.support)
          onRefresh:123, DefaultLifecycleProcessor (org.springframework.context.support)
          finishRefresh:934, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support)
          refresh:585, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support)
          refresh:144, ServletWebServerApplicationContext (org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context)
          refresh:755, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot)
          refreshContext:426, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot)
          run:326, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot)
          run:1299, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot)
          run:1288, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot)
          main:31, DemoApplication (com.example.demo)

          DefaultLifecycleProcessor#onRefresh源碼:

          @Override
          public void onRefresh() {
          startBeans(true); //autoStartupOnly = true
          this.running = true;
          }

          DefaultLifecycleProcessor#startBeans源碼如下:

          autoStartupOnly 在onRefresh時傳入的是true,表示只執(zhí)行可以自動啟動的bean,即為:SmartLifecycle的實現(xiàn)類,并且SmartLifecycle#isAutoStartup返回值必須為true。

          private void startBeans(boolean autoStartupOnly) {
          Map<String, Lifecycle> lifecycleBeans = getLifecycleBeans();
          Map<Integer, LifecycleGroup> phases = new TreeMap<>();

          lifecycleBeans.forEach((beanName, bean) -> {
          if (!autoStartupOnly || (bean instanceof SmartLifecycle && ((SmartLifecycle) bean).isAutoStartup())) {
          int phase = getPhase(bean);
          phases.computeIfAbsent(phase, p ->
          new LifecycleGroup(phase, this.timeoutPerShutdownPhase, lifecycleBeans, autoStartupOnly)
          ).add(beanName, bean);
          }
          });
          if (!phases.isEmpty()) {
          phases.values().forEach(LifecycleGroup::start);
          }
          }

          而Spring
          AbstractApplicationContext#doClose退出時,無論是SmartLifecycle或Lifecycle都會執(zhí)行isRunning方法,判斷是否已經(jīng)啟動,返回true表示已經(jīng)啟動,則執(zhí)行SmartLifecycle或Lifecycle的stop方法。

          源碼見
          :org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor#doStop方法。

          而執(zhí)行
          AbstractApplicationContext#doClose一般是應用進程退出,通過jvm注冊的鉤子方法,或者應用程序編碼調用。


          AbstractApplicationContext#registerShutdownHook源碼

          @Override
          public void registerShutdownHook() {
          if (this.shutdownHook == null) {
          // No shutdown hook registered yet.
          this.shutdownHook = new Thread(SHUTDOWN_HOOK_THREAD_NAME) {
          @Override
          public void run() {
          synchronized (startupShutdownMonitor) {
          doClose();
          }
          }
          };
          Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(this.shutdownHook);
          }
          }

          自定義LifecycleProcessor處理Lifecycle

          在源碼分析中提到了DefaultLifecycleProcessor,其實現(xiàn)了LifecycleProcessor接口。然而我們自己也可以實現(xiàn)該接口,替換默認的DefaultLifecycleProcessor。SpringBoot中則是自己配置了DefaultLifecycleProcessor,我們可以按照同樣的方式,覆蓋默認的實現(xiàn)。例如可以讓Lifecycle中的start()方法在onRefresh()時也能被執(zhí)行。


          org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration源碼:

          /**
          * {@link EnableAutoConfiguration Auto-configuration} relating to the application
          * context's lifecycle.
          *
          * @author Andy Wilkinson
          * @since 2.3.0
          */

          @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
          @EnableConfigurationProperties(LifecycleProperties.class)
          public class LifecycleAutoConfiguration {

          @Bean(name = AbstractApplicationContext.LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)
          @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = AbstractApplicationContext.LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME,
          search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)

          public DefaultLifecycleProcessor defaultLifecycleProcessor(LifecycleProperties properties) {
          DefaultLifecycleProcessor lifecycleProcessor = new DefaultLifecycleProcessor();
          lifecycleProcessor.setTimeoutPerShutdownPhase(properties.getTimeoutPerShutdownPhase().toMillis());
          return lifecycleProcessor;
          }
          }

          SpringBoot中內嵌web容器啟動時機

          SpringBoo中就是通過實現(xiàn)SmartLifecycle來啟動內嵌的web容器,實現(xiàn)類為
          WebServerStartStopLifecycle。


          ServletWebServerApplicationContext在onRefresh方法中調用createWebServer,createWebServer方法中創(chuàng)建org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer實例,該對象則包含了控制web容器(tomcat、jetty)的啟動與停止方法。

          @Override
          protected void onRefresh() {
          super.onRefresh();
          try {
          createWebServer();
          }catch (Throwable ex) {
          throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
          }
          }


          ServletWebServerApplicationContext#createWebServer
          源碼:

          private void createWebServer() {
          WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
          ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
          if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
          StartupStep createWebServer = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.boot.webserver.create");
          ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
          createWebServer.tag("factory", factory.getClass().toString());
          this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
          createWebServer.end();
          getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerGracefulShutdown",
          new WebServerGracefulShutdownLifecycle(this.webServer));
          getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerStartStop",
          new WebServerStartStopLifecycle(this, this.webServer));
          }
          else if (servletContext != null) {
          try {
          getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
          }
          catch (ServletException ex) {
          throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
          }
          }
          initPropertySources();
          }

          createWebServer方法會將創(chuàng)建的webServer封裝在
          WebServerStartStopLifecycle對象中,并注冊到Spring容器中。


          org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.WebServerStartStopLifecycle源碼如下:

          class WebServerStartStopLifecycle implements SmartLifecycle {

          private final ServletWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext;
          private final WebServer webServer;
          private volatile boolean running;

          WebServerStartStopLifecycle(ServletWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext, WebServer webServer) {
          this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
          this.webServer = webServer;
          }

          @Override
          public void start() {
          this.webServer.start();
          this.running = true;
          this.applicationContext
          .publishEvent(new ServletWebServerInitializedEvent(this.webServer, this.applicationContext));
          }

          @Override
          public void stop() { this.webServer.stop(); }

          @Override
          public boolean isRunning() { return this.running; }

          @Override
          public int getPhase() { return Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1; }
          }


          WebServerStartStopLifecycle則實現(xiàn)了SmartLifecycle接口,當Spring回調到SmartLifecycle接口方法時則調用this.webServer.start();啟動web容器,web容器啟動完成之后會通過applicationContext發(fā)布ServletWebServerInitializedEvent事件,表示web容器啟動成功,可以接收http請求。


          SmartInitializingSingleton區(qū)別

          相同點:
          SmartInitializingSingleton和Lifecycle、SmartLifecycle都是在所有的單實例bean創(chuàng)建(getBean方法)之后執(zhí)行。

          不同點:


          SmartInitializingSingleton優(yōu)先于Lifecycle、SmartLifecycle執(zhí)行。


          SmartInitializingSingleton只有一個afterSingletonsInstantiated方法。而Lifecycle有start,stop,isRunning等方法。

          多個
          SmartInitializingSingleton實現(xiàn)之間無法排序控制執(zhí)行的順序,而SmartLifecycle實現(xiàn)了Phased接口,可以通過int getPhase()控制執(zhí)行循序。


          SmartInitializingSingleton之間可以通過@DependsOn來控制執(zhí)行順序,但這是由Spring中@DependsOn注解的作用及原理來實現(xiàn)的. 并不是對SmartInitializingSingleton做了排序。

          ————————————————

          版權聲明:本文為CSDN博主「brucelwl」的原創(chuàng)文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版權協(xié)議,轉載請附上原文出處鏈接及本聲明。

          原文鏈接:
          https://blog.csdn.net/u013202238/article/details/114489001


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